The conditions for the reunification of the Sui Dynasty are: objectively, ① great ethnic integration in the north and great economic development in the south; (2) Long-term separatist regime, people long for reunification; (3) Corruption of the southern Chen regime.
Subjectively: ① After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, it was vigorously governed, politically stable, economically prosperous and militarily powerful; (2) Sui and Chen were well prepared and their strategies and tactics were used properly.
The reason for digging the Grand Canal is to greatly strengthen the political, economic and cultural ties and exchanges between the North and the South.
Excavation time: During the reign of Yang Di, the excavation took six years.
Overview: Luoyang as the center, Qiao Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south. From north to south, it is divided into Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.
Status: It is the longest canal in the ancient world.
The influence (significance and function) of digging the Grand Canal: ① After the Grand Canal was opened to traffic, it not only became a political, economic and cultural link between the North and the South; ② It has also become a communication hub between the inland "Silk Road" in Asia and the maritime "Silk Road"; (3) The navigation of the canal has also promoted the development of towns and industries in coastal areas; (4) Since then, successive dynasties have continuously dredged and rebuilt the canal, making it continue to play the role of connecting the north and south arteries.
Lesson 2
The reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty: the tyranny of the rulers led to the peasant uprising and was eventually overthrown.
The founder of the Tang Dynasty: Li Yuan (Tang Gaozu, the founding emperor) was founded in 6 18, and the capital: Li Shimin (Emperor Taizong) came to power in 626. In 627, it was renamed "Zhenguan".
Wei Zhi, a famous remonstrance official, was compared by Emperor Taizong as a mirror that can know gains and losses.
The main contents of Zhenguan's New Deal are as follows: ① In terms of labor system, the Tang Dynasty reduced the number of days of labor for the people, making personal relations gradually relaxed; (2) Follow and improve the system of "three provinces and six departments" in Sui Dynasty; (3) On the basis of the Sui Law, the Tang Dynasty revised the laws and regulations many times, eliminating the complexity and simplifying it, and turning the heavy into the light.
The Law of the Tang Dynasty is the earliest existing complete code in China, which has had a great influence on Asian countries in history.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong, it was called "the rule of Zhenguan"
Lesson 3
Wu Zetian was once the concubine of Tang Gaozong. She was proficient in literature and history, resourceful and decisive, and was deeply favored and relied on by Emperor Gaozong.
Is the only female emperor in the history of our country.
Wu Zetian's ruling history is called "the legacy of Zhenguan", which laid the foundation for the arrival of the heyday of the Tang Dynasty.
(1) Reuse cruel officials in the early days of the rule to break the situation that the Han family controlled the overall situation and monopolized senior officials; (2) Changing the clan records of Zhenguan into surname records to improve their political status; (3) Vigorously develop the imperial examination system for selecting officials through examinations and expand the ruling foundation; Wu Zetian also founded the palace examination system and personally interviewed candidates; ④ Pay attention to reducing the burden on farmers and take various measures to promote the continuous development of social production (the most important point).
In the early days of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the title was "Kaiyuan", and the political situation was stable and the economy was prosperous. It was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history.
Yao Chong was called "our envoy" in the early years of Kaiyuan.
The performance of high economic prosperity in Tang Dynasty;
(1) In agricultural production, the invention and use of crankshaft plough and trolley irrigation technology promoted land development and grain production.
Output; (2) The handicraft industry in the Tang Dynasty surpassed the previous generation in product variety, production scale and technology; (3) The population controlled in the early Tang Dynasty was less than 3 million, and it increased to more than10 million in the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty; (4) In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the territory reached Anton in the east, Anxi in the west, the Mongolian Plateau in the north and the South China Sea in the south.
Lesson 4
The imperial examination system was founded in the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty. It is a system of selecting officials through examinations of different subjects, emphasizing the principle of selecting officials by ability.
The main subjects are Ming Classics and Jinshi.
Ming Jing mainly tests the ability of candidates to recite Confucian classics, which is relatively easier than Jinshi.
Jinshi branch includes planning topics, adding classics and essays, and later essays focus on poetry and fu.
Ask questions and solve social problems
For the purpose of international issues, examine the ability to handle political affairs.
Therefore, there is a saying that "30-year-old Ming Jing, 50-year-old Jinshi".
The functions of the imperial examination system are: ① to facilitate the selection of talents in the whole society and expand the social foundation of the central government; (2) Scholars can apply freely, and talents are constantly updated, which enhances the vitality and efficiency of state institutions; (3)/kloc-The British civil service system in the 0/9th century was modeled after the imperial examination system.
Fashion of food, clothing, housing and transportation: ① The wind of drinking tea swept across the country in the Tang Dynasty, and tea became a necessity of life, and pasta was also delicious; ② Tang people like to wear Hu boots; ③ The prosperity of social economy in Tang Dynasty greatly improved living conditions; (4) In the Tang Dynasty, horse riding became common and interesting.
Reasons: ① During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the national movement was prosperous and the political situation was stable; (2) A series of institutional innovations, such as selecting officials in imperial examinations, have injected vitality into social development.
Performance: It embodies the characteristics of the blending of Hu and Han, the combination of Chinese and Western, and the spirit of the times, which is full of innovation and vitality.
Lesson Five
Tiankhan's honorific title to Emperor Taizong, a northwest minority.
The ethnic policy of the Tang Dynasty: the specific measures of the enlightened policy: setting up a local governor's office in East Turkistan, appointing Turkish nobles to manage it, and retaining the habits and lifestyles of the original ethnic groups; Become attached to Tubo.
The significance of Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet: ① She brought many handicrafts, grains, rapeseed, medicinal materials, tea, calendars, production techniques and various books, which greatly promoted the economic and cultural development and progress of Tubo.
② Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, which laid the foundation for the close contact between Han and Tibet.
Princess Wencheng is an outstanding woman. She devoted herself to the great cause of friendship and unity between the two nations and won people's love.
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