prescribe a diet
Domestic residents like to eat wheat flour. Traditionally, wheat flour is called "flour and rice", while corn, millet, sorghum, beans and dried sweet potatoes are collectively called "coarse grains". Common staple foods are steamed bread (commonly known as steamed bread), sesame seed cake, pancake, Wowotou, pancake, sweet potato, meatball, rice, millet (commonly known as dry rice), millet porridge, corn porridge (commonly known as paste porridge), noodles, jiaozi (commonly known as flat food) and so on.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, people mainly ate miscellaneous grains in winter and spring, and they ate more flour and rice in summer and autumn during the Spring Festival. Poor families eat coarse grains all the year round, mixed with bran; A few wealthy families live on flour and rice all the year round.
People are used to having three meals a day. Breakfast and lunch are called "eating" and dinner is called "drinking soup". Generally speaking, most people eat pickles, peppers and so on. Sometimes there are dried and fresh vegetables such as vermicelli, Chinese cabbage, eggplant and melon beans. Except for Chinese New Year, festivals and wedding celebrations, we seldom eat fishy meat on weekdays.
Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's living standards have been continuously improved. Since the 1980s, the food of urban and rural residents is mainly flour, and the types of food are increasingly diversified. Every day, there are all kinds of fresh vegetables for catering. When entertaining guests or holidays, eat more eggs and fish.
In the event of a festive wedding, local residents are very particular about the dishes, including "eight bowls", "ten bowls", "two big pieces" and "four big pieces". Chicken, fish and meat are the main ingredients, and seasonal vegetables and eggs are occasionally used, which is called "placing seats". Go to the party and call it "sitting".
Dress
Domestic residents advocate broad, fat, fit, simple and generous clothing and dressing. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, gentry, wealthy businessmen and other upper-class people wore robes and mandarin jackets, red hats, felt hats and fur hats. Most workers wear short coats, and some people wear cotton gowns in winter. Young women often wear high-necked dresses, wide-leg pants and embroidered shoes, while rich people have skirts. The main decorations are earrings, bracelets, rings, hair clips and so on. Gentry and people wear blue and white, and babies and young women wear red and green. Men's and women's clothes are mostly homemade homespun, while the rich use silk, satin, silk and silks.
After the Revolution of 1911, "foreign cloth" flowed into China. The clothing style of residents has also gradually changed.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, fewer and fewer people wear old-fashioned gowns, and styles such as Chinese tunic suit, Lenin suit and youth suit have gradually become popular, but most middle-aged and elderly people are still used to wearing traditional casual clothes. Since the early 1980s, the fashion of young men's and women's clothes has become increasingly popular, with various patterns and changes appearing from time to time. From 1950s to 1960s, homespun and woven cotton were the main clothing materials for urban and rural residents. Since the mid-1970s, there have been more and more kinds of chemical fiber fabrics. I like to wear all kinds of wool silk in recent years.
live
In the old society, most residents of Yanggu lived in adobe bungalows, and a few gentry and businessmen lived in brick houses or brick-wood houses. Traditionally, the north room (commonly known as the main room) is the main room, and the east and west rooms are the matching rooms. Generally speaking, once in the hospital, rich people may enter the hospital two or three times. Most of the courtyard walls are made of earth, and a few are made of bricks.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's living conditions have been gradually improved. Since the 1980s, the traditional adobe bungalows have been replaced by new brick houses, and the architectural style has become afraid to improve. There are many corridors in the main room, generally three rooms and five rooms, with log beams and ebony, new doors and windows, lime roof, cement floor and spacious and bright interior. Other wing houses are mostly used as kitchens and warehouses. Most of the residences of urban cadres and workers are brick houses, and a few are buildings. I'm still used to one house, one courtyard, all the doors and walls.
The living habits of residents in this area are one room for one generation. Middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas like to sleep on kang, while young people and urban residents sleep on beds.
device
Before and in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the cooking utensils used by residents in this area were mostly iron pots, earthen pots and porcelain bowls. At present, most urban residents use coal stoves, steel or aluminum pot, enamel pots, and some use gas stoves. Rural residents continue to use wood stoves and iron pots, keep coal stoves for heating in winter, and also use fine cookers to stir-fry and cook.
Residents' traditional indoor furniture mainly includes "Square Table", bar, wooden round-backed chair, wooden cabinet, cupboard, old drawer table, wooden bed and so on. Its quantity and quality vary from rich to poor. Tones are mostly black and red, and tung oil paintings are generally used. After the mid-1970s, new furniture such as wardrobes, high and low cabinets, writing desks, three-drawer tables, spring beds, sofas and folding chairs began to enter urban and rural families in large quantities, and the styles were constantly updated, gradually developing from single furniture to multi-purpose combined furniture. The colors are mostly light yellow, red sandalwood and brown yellow.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, urban and rural residents used old iron or ceramic lampstands for lighting at night, burning soybean oil or cotton oil, and tapping stones with "fire sickle" papyrus paper to make a fire. Rich people use candles at home. /kloc-after the 1920s, I gradually got used to using kerosene lamps and matches, commonly known as "matches" and "foreign oil". Electric lamps were used for lighting in the mid-1960s. At present, towns and some villages have electric lighting, while others still use kerosene lamps. When kerosene is in short supply, candles or diesel oil are used instead.
marriage customs
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage between men and women was based on "parents' orders and matchmakers' words" and paid attention to "matching the door". Normal marriage customs generally go through procedures such as media, engagement, invitations, congratulations, wedding reception and residence period.
indirect
When a man is 15, 16 or even 13 years old, his parents ask for relatives through the media, and some get engaged when their children are old, commonly known as "early marriage". If a woman hires a matchmaker to propose to her husband, it is called "matchmaking". If a woman makes high demands on her husband, it is called "climbing relatives". After asking about each other's age, personality, family property, etc., both parents think it is basically ok, that is, they will be "allowed to get married". When marriage is agreed, the man must agree first, and then the woman agrees. With the consent of both parties, the matchmaker will be entrusted to change the "Xiao Qi" (commonly known as changing the fine print) and indicate the year and date of birth. The center people of both sides (mostly fortune tellers) are "eight characters", and they can get married without a prescription or a prescription they don't like. Then choose another auspicious day to exchange formal engagement, which is called "great instrument" Some people go to the man's house to see it in person. This is called "blind date". If you don't get along, don't eat at the man's house and leave. The marriage age of men and women is much more expensive than that of women, commonly known as "female freshman, wearing golden clothes", "female junior, holding golden bricks" and "female fifth, fighting for old mother".
be engaged in
It is often called "crossing Cambodia" or "changing stickers". The man writes a Cambodian sticker (that is, an engagement letter) and sends it to the woman's home together with the bride price. The woman replies to the sticker as the basis for the engagement. After the exchange in Cambodia, relatives and friends sent gifts and money to congratulate, and the man prepared a banquet to thank the matchmaker and relatives and friends.
Send wedding invitations
It's also called "sending a year's life post". When men and women reach the age of marriage (generally, women 18 years old or older, boys 12, 20 years old, and the oldest is in their twenties), the man asks someone to choose an auspicious day (commonly known as "choosing a day" or "seeing a day") according to the woman's life, and informs her of the auspicious day. If the woman agrees, choose an auspicious day and formally send her a wedding invitation. The post indicates the wedding date, the bride's crown, registered permanent residence, face shape, dress, the direction of getting on and off the sedan chair and taboos. According to their own economic conditions, the woman's family buys bedding, clothes, jewelry, furniture, etc. to prepare for marriage.
Congratulate sb on a happy occasion.
Before marriage, the leaders of the man's relatives and friends prepare gifts to congratulate him, which is called "congratulations". Sending a wedding present to a woman who is going to get married is called "filling a box" or "adding a box". The man prepared a banquet to celebrate the day before his wedding.
Pick up the bride (in a sedan chair) for the wedding.
Commonly known as "happy event". The day before the wedding, the woman will send the dowry to the man's house. The man put up the wedding invitation, hung up the jubilation, laid the kang and padded the pillow to prepare for the wedding. In the evening, the groom "salutes" relatives and elders nearby. On the wedding day, according to the agreed time, the man arranged the ritual ceremony, played the drummer, and got married in the woman's house with a sedan chair (used by the poor). Marriage can be divided into "big marriage" and "small marriage". Sedan is a small wedding, that is, preparing a sedan chair to carry the bride, which is called "not getting married"; There are two sedan chairs for the wedding. The groom takes the official sedan chair to meet the bride, and the other sedan chair is for the bride. When she went, she was carried by young children, commonly known as "sedan chair"; There was also a red rooster in the car. When she came back, the woman ran over a hen. Whether it is a big marriage or a small marriage, its customs are roughly the same. After marrying a woman, she began to eat less and drink less, and sat on the kang to be married. When a man goes to a woman's house to pay a New Year call, he must bring a red coat, a red carpet and a red headscarf.
On that day, the bride got up early to dress up, covered her head with red and played the trumpet happily. Accompanied by the female guests, the groom said goodbye to his parents-in-law, and then the groom got on the sedan chair first. The bride is carried on the sedan chair by relatives, commonly known as "sending the sedan chair" and "getting on the sedan chair", and the guests are accompanied by the car. The bride will shed tears when she leaves home to show her attachment. On the road, red gauze lanterns cleared the way, flutes suona played in unison, sedan chairs crowded in front, and sedan chairs were collected. The groom is not allowed to contact with the outside world. If passers-by meet, they will avoid. Come to the head and door of Nanjia village, firecrackers are ringing, and get off the sedan chair at the specified time and direction. That is, someone lit a bundle of grass around the bride's sedan chair, which was called "Liao sedan chair". It is said that this move is to drive away evil spirits and ominous. In the drums and firecrackers, the bride enters the gate by the married woman and the dowry girl, steps on the red carpet (called inverted carpet), stands side by side with the groom in front of the incense table in the courtyard, and worships heaven and earth. After the ceremony, the bride enters the bridal chamber. In some places, when entering the bridal chamber, the male elders sprinkle dates, chestnuts and peanuts in the yard (some places sew them in the corner of the quilt or put them in pillows), and also take the homonym of "premature birth" and "male and female peanuts". When the bridal chamber is brightly lit, the groom takes off the bride's hooded red, eats "noodles of sympathy", * * * drinks "toast" and fills the pillow as usual, and the bride begins to "sit on the bed", also called "sit on the bed", which lasts for one day. On this day, people, big or small, were making a scene in the bridal chamber until late at night. After the newlyweds sleep, there is an old custom of "listening to the room" (listening to whispers) under the window of young men and women. On the wedding day, the man decorated with lanterns, pasted red couplets, slaughtered pigs and sheep, and hosted a banquet for relatives and friends. China also has the custom of robbing marriage. That is, if there are more than one married person in the same village at the same time, it is considered that whoever takes the lead will be lucky. So the time to get married is mostly before dawn.
Live and see your in-laws.
On the third day after marriage, the bride went back to her parents' home for two days and said "stay in Japan", or asked her daughter-in-law to ask her son-in-law. Both the bride and groom go to their mother-in-law's house together, which is called "returning home" or "recognizing relatives" (commonly known as "walking for three days"). The woman's family hosted a banquet for her son-in-law, commonly known as "inviting her son-in-law". When she comes back three days later, the bride meets her in-laws and relatives, goes to the ancestral temple to worship or go to the ancestral temple, and then cooks in the kitchen. On the sixth day, the man's family hosted a banquet to "meet his in-laws" and at the same time hosted a banquet to entertain close relatives and friends. At the same time, there is the custom of "living opposite the moon", that is, one month after the wedding, the bride's family will take her back for a few days and then send her back to her husband's family. This custom still exists today. At this point, the whole wedding procedure is over.
folk song
There are many folk songs circulating in the county town, and their contents can be roughly divided into three types. One is the labor chant of coordinating actions, the other is the love song that shows the love of young men and women, and the other is the ballad that praises the interest of life and shows people's love and hate.
Subcategory 1 is represented by Yellow River No.2, and most of them are songs used by working people in fighting against the Yellow River embankment. Up to now, there have been 36 songs, such as Kekeya by Gao Ram, Pingxu Tune by Ping Ram and Plum Blossom Fall. Its content is full of emotion and powerful words. For example, the whole content of "No.1 drops and No.2 comes" is: No.1 drops and No.2 comes, what a carp show. Carp will not come again when they are away from playing hibiscus. Carp jumped on the chopping board, steel knife went down, and blood came out. Neil giggled at the sight of blood, like apricot flowers in March. Cherry nibbles at fish, and her red cheeks are bulging on both sides. Left cheek drum, right cheek drum, as if I were pregnant. There are 265,438+0 boatmen's songs, such as Lapong, Paddle and String-pulling, which are not often used nowadays. Nine songs, such as "Happy Plum Blossom Ramming", "All the Way Down" and "Phoenix Leaves Up and Down", have been widely circulated so far.
There are 23 love songs * * *, among which Looking for Lovers in December, Farewell Lovers sung by Shounantai, Four Bo Descent to Earth in Acheng Town and Little Cowherd circulated in the north of the county are more famous.
There are 3 songs1song about life interest, among which the most representative songs are Hundred Endurances, Fan Painting, Chicken Singing on the Tower, Little Baldy in the North Street of Yanggu Town, Song Wuzhen's Ode, Master Wu's Harm and Ode to the Eighth Route Army of the People's Army.
Canal culture style banquet
The opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the prosperous commercial economy gave birth to Yanggu's prestigious food culture. Zhangqiu, Acheng and Grade 7 towns on both sides of the canal have distinctive dietary characteristics. In particular, Kangxi and Qianlong visited Yanggu several times in history, leaving a lot of food for the local people to talk about.
In recent years, Yanggu Hotel has excavated and sorted out the food culture on both sides of the canal. On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the traditional food culture, combined with modern people's eating habits, many exquisite dishes have been developed, forming a cultural feast with unique canal characteristics. The banquet includes a cold dish, eight dishes, two snacks, a soup and a fruit plate. The eight dishes include "Royal Liquid and Yipin Wing", "Hongfu Qitian", "Eight Precious Pigeons", "Jade Belt Keel", "Yipin Lady", "Hanging Sword Platform", "Canal Nourishing Turtle" and "Gu Agong Pear". Every dish is unique and carefully crafted. For example, "Babao Pigeon" is a pigeon raised by six or two families, which is boned by the Yanggu bag chicken process, supplemented by deer tendons, scallops, scallops, shrimps, meatballs, pigeon eggs and mushrooms, and then added with precious Cordyceps sinensis and Lycium barbarum, seasoned with broth and steamed for a long time. The smell is fragrant, the pigeon meat is soft and rotten, and the aftertaste is long.
marriage customs
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage between men and women was based on "parents' orders and matchmakers' words" and paid attention to "matching the door". Normal marriage customs generally go through procedures such as media, engagement, invitations, congratulations, wedding reception and residence period.
indirect
When a man is 15, 16 or even 13 years old, his parents ask for relatives through the media, and some get engaged when their children are old, commonly known as "early marriage". If a woman hires a matchmaker to propose to her husband, it is called "matchmaking". If a woman makes high demands on her husband, it is called "climbing relatives". After asking about each other's age, personality, family property, etc., both parents think it is basically ok, that is, they will be "allowed to get married". When marriage is agreed, the man must agree first, and then the woman agrees. With the consent of both parties, the matchmaker will be entrusted to change the "Xiao Qi" (commonly known as changing the fine print) and indicate the year and date of birth. The center people of both sides (mostly fortune tellers) are "eight characters", and they can get married without a prescription or a prescription they don't like. Then choose another auspicious day to exchange formal engagement, which is called "great instrument" Some people go to the man's house to see it in person. This is called "blind date". If you don't get along, don't eat at the man's house and leave. The marriage age of men and women is much more expensive than that of women, commonly known as "female freshman, wearing golden clothes", "female junior, holding golden bricks" and "female fifth, fighting for old mother".
be engaged in
It is often called "crossing Cambodia" or "changing stickers". The man writes a Cambodian sticker (that is, an engagement letter) and sends it to the woman's home together with the bride price. The woman replies to the sticker as the basis for the engagement. After the exchange in Cambodia, relatives and friends sent gifts and money to congratulate, and the man prepared a banquet to thank the matchmaker and relatives and friends.
Send wedding invitations
It's also called "sending a year's life post". When men and women reach the age of marriage (generally, women 18 years old or older, boys 12, 20 years old, and the oldest is in their twenties), the man asks someone to choose an auspicious day (commonly known as "choosing a day" or "seeing a day") according to the woman's life, and informs her of the auspicious day. If the woman agrees, choose an auspicious day and formally send her a wedding invitation. The post indicates the wedding date, the bride's crown, registered permanent residence, face shape, dress, the direction of getting on and off the sedan chair and taboos. According to their own economic conditions, the woman's family buys bedding, clothes, jewelry, furniture, etc. to prepare for marriage.
Congratulate sb on a happy occasion.
Before marriage, the leaders of the man's relatives and friends prepare gifts to congratulate him, which is called "congratulations". Sending a wedding present to a woman who is going to get married is called "filling a box" or "adding a box". The man prepared a banquet to celebrate the day before his wedding.
Pick up the bride (in a sedan chair) for the wedding.
Commonly known as "happy event". The day before the wedding, the woman will send the dowry to the man's house. The man put up the wedding invitation, hung up the jubilation, laid the kang and padded the pillow to prepare for the wedding. In the evening, the groom "salutes" relatives and elders nearby. On the wedding day, according to the agreed time, the man arranged the ritual ceremony, played the drummer, and got married in the woman's house with a sedan chair (used by the poor). Marriage can be divided into "big marriage" and "small marriage". Sedan is a small wedding, that is, preparing a sedan chair to carry the bride, which is called "not getting married"; There are two sedan chairs for the wedding. The groom takes the official sedan chair to meet the bride, and the other sedan chair is for the bride. When she went, she was carried by young children, commonly known as "sedan chair"; There was also a red rooster in the car. When she came back, the woman ran over a hen. Whether it is a big marriage or a small marriage, its customs are roughly the same. After marrying a woman, she began to eat less and drink less, and sat on the kang to be married. When a man goes to a woman's house to pay a New Year call, he must bring a red coat, a red carpet and a red headscarf.
On that day, the bride got up early to dress up, covered her head with red and played the trumpet happily. Accompanied by the female guests, the groom said goodbye to his parents-in-law, and then the groom got on the sedan chair first. The bride is carried on the sedan chair by relatives, commonly known as "sending the sedan chair" and "getting on the sedan chair", and the guests are accompanied by the car. The bride will shed tears when she leaves home to show her attachment. On the road, red gauze lanterns cleared the way, flutes suona played in unison, sedan chairs crowded in front, and sedan chairs were collected. The groom is not allowed to contact with the outside world. If passers-by meet, they will avoid. Come to the head and door of Nanjia village, firecrackers are ringing, and get off the sedan chair at the specified time and direction. That is, someone lit a bundle of grass around the bride's sedan chair, which was called "Liao sedan chair". It is said that this move is to drive away evil spirits and ominous. In the drums and firecrackers, the bride enters the gate by the married woman and the dowry girl, steps on the red carpet (called inverted carpet), stands side by side with the groom in front of the incense table in the courtyard, and worships heaven and earth. After the ceremony, the bride enters the bridal chamber. In some places, when entering the bridal chamber, the male elders sprinkle dates, chestnuts and peanuts in the yard (some places sew them in the corner of the quilt or put them in pillows), and also take the homonym of "premature birth" and "male and female peanuts". When the bridal chamber is brightly lit, the groom takes off the bride's hooded red, eats "noodles of sympathy", * * * drinks "toast" and fills the pillow as usual, and the bride begins to "sit on the bed", also called "sit on the bed", which lasts for one day. On this day, people, big or small, were making a scene in the bridal chamber until late at night. After the newlyweds sleep, there is an old custom of "listening to the room" (listening to whispers) under the window of young men and women. On the wedding day, the man decorated with lanterns, pasted red couplets, slaughtered pigs and sheep, and hosted a banquet for relatives and friends. China also has the custom of robbing marriage. That is, if there are more than one married person in the same village at the same time, it is considered that whoever takes the lead will be lucky. So the time to get married is mostly before dawn.
Live and see your in-laws.
On the third day after marriage, the bride went back to her parents' home for two days and said "stay in Japan", or asked her daughter-in-law to ask her son-in-law. Both the bride and groom go to their mother-in-law's house together, which is called "returning home" or "recognizing relatives" (commonly known as "walking for three days"). The woman's family hosted a banquet for her son-in-law, commonly known as "inviting her son-in-law". When she comes back three days later, the bride meets her in-laws and relatives, goes to the ancestral temple to worship or go to the ancestral temple, and then cooks in the kitchen. On the sixth day, the man's family hosted a banquet to "meet his in-laws" and at the same time hosted a banquet to entertain close relatives and friends. At the same time, there is the custom of "living opposite the moon", that is, one month after the wedding, the bride's family will take her back for a few days and then send her back to her husband's family. This custom still exists today. At this point, the whole wedding procedure is over.