1, urethral injury

Urethral injuries mostly occur in male dogs and cats, and most of them are perineum contusion when being directly or indirectly hit, collided or jumped over obstacles. According to the location and degree of injury, the symptoms caused by urethral injury will be different. When the penis and urethra are injured, there will be local swelling, pain and warmth. And the skin of the affected area will turn purple. Dogs and cats may lick the affected area with their tongues, resulting in dysuria and frequent urination. When urethral injury occurs, hematuria and urinary leakage may occur, which may cause secondary infection, dysuria, urethral atresia, bladder rupture and other problems. When perineal urethra is injured, urine can penetrate into pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity, and muscles of lower abdomen contract, resulting in edema, which can even cause systemic symptoms such as peritonitis and shock.

2, urethral stricture and urethral obstruction

When there is a foreign body or inflammation in the urethra, or the tissues around the urethra are diseased, or the urethral wall is contracted, the urethra will become narrow, which is more common in male dogs and cats. Urethral obstruction is a syndrome of some diseases, usually accompanied by symptoms such as dysuria and urinary incontinence.

The location of urethral stricture and urethral obstruction in dogs and cats is also different. In cats, the penis head and sciatic arch are the most common, while in dogs, they are common in prostatic groove, near the mouth of penis or sciatic arch. If the urethra is not completely blocked, dogs and cats will have drops of urine, intermittent urination and slight hematuria. When the urethra is completely blocked, the urine of dogs and cats cannot be discharged at all, which is urinary incontinence. They often lick the external urethral orifice, and even worse, they will have symptoms such as loss of appetite and vomiting. If not treated in time, bladder rupture, peritonitis, renal failure, uremia and other diseases are likely to occur.

3, urethritis

Urethritis is caused by inflammation of urethral mucosa, which usually leads to dysuria, turbid urine, and severe pain when inserting catheter. Sick cats and dogs will urinate frequently, but it will be painful to urinate because of difficulty, and urine is usually linear and intermittent. Because the urine is mixed with inflammatory secretions, it is very turbid, and sometimes it is mixed with pus or blood, or discharged from the exfoliated mucosa.

The treatment of urethritis is mainly to remove the cause and control the infection. Dogs and cats can be given cefadroxil tablets, which have a certain anti-infection effect on urinary tract infection and urethritis, and are delivered to various organs and tissues through the stable absorption of gastric acid, with quick and lasting effect.

Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are specific drugs for treating urinary problems in dogs and cats. Aiming at the problems of frequent urination, hematuria, urine dripping and dysuria, it can help sick cats and dogs urinate and improve liver cirrhosis.

Second, bladder rupture and cystitis

1, bladder rupture

Bladder rupture usually refers to bladder wall rupture, which will lead to urine and blood flowing into abdominal cavity, thus causing dysuria, peritonitis, uremia, shock and other diseases, more common in male dogs. When the bladder wall ruptures, urine will quickly flow into the abdominal cavity. If a large amount of urine accumulates in the abdominal cavity, it will lead to severe peritonitis. Sick dogs and cats will have abdominal pain, anxiety, anuria or a small amount of hematuria. With the development of the disease, dogs and cats will also have symptoms of uremia and shock such as vomiting, fever, shortness of breath, listlessness, hypotension and lethargy. Bladder rupture usually requires surgical repair of bladder wall, and peritonitis and uremia should be prevented during treatment.

2, cystitis

Inflammatory reaction of cystitis mostly occurs in bladder mucosa and submucosa, usually caused by fungal infection or bacterial infection. The main symptom is frequent urination with pain. A large number of bladder epithelium, pus cells and red blood cells can be seen in urine sediment, especially in bitches and cats. Sick dogs and cats will frequently have urination posture, less urine, painful urination, turbid urine and strong ammonia odor. If inflammation spreads to deeper tissues, or nephritis is complicated, dogs and cats will also have symptoms such as fever, poor mental health and anorexia. Hydrochlorothiazide tablets can treat the problems caused by cystitis, such as oliguria, dysuria, foul urine, yellow urine, sticky urine and crystallized urine. It should be used with cefadroxil tablets to prevent infection.

Three, renal failure and glomerulonephritis

1, acute renal failure

The pathogenic factors of acute renal failure are very complicated, which will cause acute damage to the kidney. Dogs and cats will have symptoms such as oliguria, urinary incontinence, imbalance of water and electrolyte metabolism, and increased blood potassium content. According to the symptoms can be divided into three periods:

Oliguria: in the early stage of acute renal failure, the urine output of dogs and cats decreased significantly, or even there was no urine. Due to the retention of water, nitrogen metabolites and other substances, dogs and cats may have symptoms such as heart failure, renal edema, elevated blood pressure, hyperkalemia, acidosis and uremia. And easy to secondary infection.

Polyuria period: after oliguria period, dogs and cats will enter polyuria period, and the urine volume will gradually increase. At this time, the edema will gradually subside, and the blood pressure will decrease accordingly, but the concentration of nitrogen metabolites in the blood will increase. The loss of water, potassium and sodium will lead to symptoms such as limb weakness, paralysis, arrhythmia and shock in dogs and cats, and even sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. Most sick dogs and cats die during the period of polyuria, so this is a very dangerous period, which usually lasts for one to two weeks. If they can stand it, dogs and cats will enter a recovery period.

Recovery period: During this period, the urine volume of dogs and cats will gradually return to normal, and various diseases will gradually be alleviated or eliminated. However, dogs and cats usually suffer from protein deficiency, severe physical exhaustion, muscular atrophy, emaciation and other symptoms, and need to continue to strengthen conditioning and treatment according to their illness. If left untreated, acute renal failure will turn into chronic renal failure.

In the recovery period, dogs and cats can be given pet electrolyte concentrate to help supplement potassium, sodium, zinc and other elements, which can quickly restore their physical strength and replenish body fluids. Vitamin B 12, nicotinic acid and other ingredients are also added to relieve muscle pain and fatigue.

In addition, dogs and cats should be fed with foods rich in protein, carbohydrates and vitamins. Vitamins can also be supplemented with multivitamin tablets, vitamin B, vitamin E and vitamin A, once a day for 1-2 weeks.

2. Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious syndrome caused by long-term or severe damage of functional kidney tissue in the late stage of various chronic kidney diseases. Dysfunction of renal excretion and regulation will lead to serious metabolic disorder in dogs and cats, and serious imbalance of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, which is likely to endanger the lives of dogs and cats and needs timely treatment. Chronic renal failure may be transformed from acute renal failure, or it may be the late stage of glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, renal diabetes and other diseases.

Chronic renal failure can be divided into four stages: in stage I, urine volume is normal, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are slightly increased. In stage ⅱ polyuria and acid-base balance, dogs and cats will have mild anemia, dehydration, heart failure and other symptoms. In the third stage, oliguria, sodium, potassium, calcium and other indicators are abnormal, resulting in metabolic acidosis and moderate and severe anemia. Stage ⅳ dysuria, in addition to the symptoms of the previous stage, will also appear nervous system symptoms and bone deformation. If it is chronic renal failure caused by kidney disease, the cause should be removed first, and Vipuda should be taken to prevent secondary or complicated infection during treatment.

3. Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis, also known as nephritis, usually occurs in dogs and cats after moderate or infection, resulting in glomerular damage. The main symptoms are sensitivity, pain, edema, hypertension and hematuria. It can also be divided into acute and chronic.

Symptoms of acute nephritis are depression, fever, loss of appetite, dogs and cats sometimes have vomiting, diarrhea, kidney swelling and other symptoms. Sick dogs and cats are generally reluctant to move and have strong gait. When standing, the back is arched and the hind legs are tucked under the abdomen, resulting in frequent urination but less urine or hematuria and anuria. If uremia develops, dogs and cats will also have symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, muscle spasm and low fever, and the exhaled gas will be accompanied by urine odor.

Chronic nephritis develops slowly, and dogs and cats will have symptoms such as loss of appetite, emaciation, dull fur, inelastic skin, hypothermia and pale mucosa. The disease is polyuria in the early stage and oliguria in the later stage. If uremia develops, there will be loss of consciousness and lethargy, and it may also recur.

The treatment of nephritis is mainly antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, diuretic and detumescence, and prevention of uremia. Shenglibao is a specific drug for treating kidney diseases in dogs and cats, aiming at frequent urination, oliguria, kidney deficiency, kidney deficiency and renal failure. It contains chitosan oligosaccharide and calcium carbonate. Combined with phosphorus in food, it is helpful to reduce hyperphosphatemia caused by acute or chronic renal insufficiency. Chitosan oligosaccharide can also reduce creatinine and urea nitrogen in blood, help relieve uremia and protect kidney. It is also rich in a variety of B vitamins, which helps to alleviate nutritional deficiency and loss of appetite caused by renal failure.

Four, uremia and urolithiasis

1, uremia

When dogs and cats have renal failure problems, their metabolites and other toxic substances will accumulate in large quantities, which will lead to uremia. Uremia can cause dysfunction of various tissues and organs, so the symptoms are more complicated, as follows:

Nervous system symptoms mainly include listlessness, confusion, lethargy, convulsions and so on. Digestive system problems are mainly manifested as indigestion and enteritis, and dogs and cats will have anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, oral mucosal ulcers and so on. Due to acidosis and the accumulation of metabolites, dogs and cats will also have respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, uremic bronchitis and pneumonia. When there is a problem in the circulatory system, the blood pressure of dogs and cats will rise, resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Anemia symptoms will occur when the blood system changes, and nose, gums and digestive tract bleeding may occur in the later stage of the disease. The electrolyte balance of dogs and cats will be destroyed, the skin will lose elasticity, become dry and wrinkled, accompanied by desquamation and itching symptoms, and edema will often appear under the skin.

The treatment of uremia is mainly symptomatic treatment of renal failure. If dogs and cats vomit constantly and need to stop vomiting in time, you can take cimetidine tablets, which has obvious anti-vomiting effect. Blood transfusion is still needed when anemia is severe.

2, urolithiasis

Urolithiasis, also known as urinary calculi, is a general term for kidney calculi's disease, ureteral calculi, bladder calculi and urethral calculi. Its main symptoms are dysuria and hematuria. The reason why dogs and cats suffer from urolithiasis is usually considered to be related to diet. If the diet of dogs and cats is too monotonous, or there are too many minerals in the diet, or the amount of water is small, it may cause urolithiasis, but urinary tract infection or pathological changes may also cause urinary calculi. The treatment of urinary calculi is usually diet adjustment and surgical treatment. If the condition is mild, you can intervene by adjusting your diet, but if the stones are too large, you need to take them out surgically.

The above is Dr. Paw Paw's explanation of urinary system diseases in dogs and cats. I believe everyone can realize the harm of this disease to dogs and cats after understanding it. Therefore, pet owners should pay attention to the healthy diet of dogs and cats in their daily feeding, and pay more attention to their urination. If any abnormality is found, it should be treated in time. If you have other questions about urinary system diseases of dogs and cats, you can also consult an online pet doctor.