Old Beijingers should pay New Year's greetings on the first day of the first month. Generally speaking, New Year greetings begin at home. On the first morning, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best. After the elders worship, they should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. Jiaozi, the god of vegetarian stuffing, is also known as jiaozi. After the elders at home pay New Year greetings, they will go out to visit relatives during the New Year. When people meet in the street, they should also smile, clench their fists, wish each other good luck and say more New Year greetings. Neighbors should also visit each other to express their New Year greetings. But in the past, it was a man's business to go out to pay New Year's greetings, and women didn't go out to pay New Year's greetings until the fifth day. On New Year's Day, the son-in-law must go to his father-in-law's house to pay New Year's greetings.
Do one night for 30 nights.
December 30th is also called New Year's Eve. In the past, most old Beijingers dedicated shrines, statues and ancestral tablets on this day, and nine offerings were placed in front of the altar. Five halls offer honey, each hall is covered with cakes, and each hall has fresh noodles, eight pieces of fruit, dried fruit flower cakes, rice cakes, vegetarian dumplings and vegetarian cooking. The average family should also provide three or five offerings. You also need to provide money, food, paper ingots, thousands of dollars, etc. On the altar. On the afternoon of the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, we began to decorate lanterns to prepare for the Chinese New Year. Every family puts up Spring Festival couplets, such as lucky words, lucky money, stick grilles, home visits and so on. After the posting, firecrackers exploded and it was very lively. In addition, the yard should be covered with pine branches and sesame stalks. It is called "stepping on the old", which means peace every year. Beijingers talk about eating, drinking and having fun in the New Year, but in the past society, eating was still the main thing. In fact, including those offerings is actually for people to see. As the saying goes, "knowing God in your heart is for people to eat"! Old Beijingers' New Year's Eve dinner is also called reunion dinner, and it is also the most abundant New Year's Eve dinner in a year. On New Year's Eve, there should be carefully prepared meat dishes, cold cuts, big items and clear dishes. Cold meat includes cold stewed pig, mutton, chicken and duck. Major items include: braised pork, braised pork, rice flour meat, red and white balls, and Four Joy Meetballs. Clear mouth dishes generally include tofu, vegetables and so on. The staple food is vegetarian dumplings. People who worship ancestral tablets should also present a bowl of "New Year's Eve" in front of the altar, insert pine branches on the rice, and hang copper coins and small paper ingots on the pine branches, just like cash cows. Old Beijingers also have ancestor worship ceremonies before dinner at night. First of all, the elders at home light candles and incense, and then according to the size of the family, men are in the front and women are in the back. After the ceremony, the elders at home read the sacrificial table. After reading it, they put the sacrificial table, money, gold ingots, thousands of pieces, tea leaves and fragrant powder into a thin tube and incinerated it in the courtyard. At this time, firecrackers will be set off. After burning, men and women will return to the house and begin to have a reunion dinner. Old Beijingers should eat jiaozi at the intersection of the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month and the first day of the first lunar month, which means "making friends is young". Making love, as the name implies, is having sex with a child, so-called being two years old overnight, or even two years. When wrapping jiaozi, everyone will wrap jiaozi as an ingot, sugar, copper coins and peanuts in jiaozi. If you eat sugar, it means that life will be sweet and happy in the coming year; Eating copper coins means that the financial resources will be rolling in the coming year; Eating peanuts means a long and healthy life in the coming year, because peanuts are also called longevity fruit.
When the time comes, firecrackers will explode and incense will burn us. The elders at home took three sticks of incense in their hands and went to the yard outside the house to meet the gods in five directions. Old Beijingers have the custom of celebrating New Year's Eve, which originated in the Jin Dynasty. Keeping old has two meanings. The older one is to cherish time when you quit your old age. Young people guard their old age and have the intention of prolonging their parents' life. Therefore, those whose parents are alive must keep their age. Do some recreational activities. Old people play mahjong, women play suohu cards, children light lanterns, set off firecrackers, and play games such as "promoting maps". The next day, I will go to visit relatives and other activities!
Layue mantou
On the 29th of the twelfth lunar month in old Beijing, every household should steam steamed bread to prepare the staple food for the New Year. Besides steamed bread, steamed flower rolls, bean bags or bean bags in the shape of small animals are also needed. Manchu families should also steam wedding cakes, jujube paste cakes, steamed buns for their children and grandchildren, and steamed rolls. When steaming bean buns, you should also order a little red dot with rouge on it to show happiness. Because it is the day before New Year's Eve on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, it is also called "Little Year's Eve". On this day, every household will hold a banquet to let the younger generation come to bid farewell to the elders. It is also necessary to burn incense outside the house, which is called "burning incense" and lasts until the first day of the first year.
La yue Shi ba noodles
On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month, every household in old Beijing will send out a piece of dough, one is to prepare for steaming steamed bread tomorrow, and the other is to hint at making a fortune next year. On the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, I continued to wash clothes and take a bath two days ago. There are twenty-eight dirty clothes!
Slaughter the rooster on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month.
Old Beijingers have the custom of killing cocks on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month. They still prepare food for the New Year. Usually, they have to kill a chicken and stew it. In addition to the chicken stewed yesterday, they have to prepare more meat and vegetarian dishes for the new year. Every day, the kitchen is steaming and delicious. Outside, the north wind roared in the ice and snow, and when the door was pushed, all kinds of smells and hot air came, as well as laughter and firecrackers outside. Year, with shape, sound, color, fragrance and taste, was fixed in memory. Old Beijing continued to do yesterday's washing and bathing work on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month. It is said that bathing on this day can wash away the diseases of the past year, in fact, it is to pray for good health in the coming year.
Layue stewed meat
The 26th of the twelfth lunar month. From this day on, every housewife began to cook and prepare for the New Year's Eve. In old Beijing, you can't use iron tools, such as kitchen knives, scissors and needles. So you don't cook. Meals from the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month to the fifth day of the first lunar month should be prepared before the Spring Festival.
The first thing is to prepare stew, because "big fish and big meat" was the highest realm of New Year's Eve in people's eyes in the past. From the 26th of the twelfth lunar month to the 30th of the year, almost every day's activities are related to "eating". This reflects the importance people attach to eating in an era of material scarcity. There is another custom in old Beijing on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, that is, every household washes clothes and takes a bath to wash away the dust and bad luck of the year and welcome the arrival of the New Year. Therefore, there is another proverb in old Beijing: on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, wash old mud, and on the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, you must not be careless.
Grinding bean curd on the 25th of the twelfth lunar month.
On the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, every family should make tofu, buy tofu and stir-fry tofu. Why do they have to eat tofu for Chinese New Year? In fact, this is also for the next year to have a good head and get rich and luxurious food. Old Beijingers all hope that their home is Zhong Ming's home, and they are rich and have savings every year, which means running towards a well-off society. Tofu represents the meaning of jade food in luxury food. Because jade is white and tofu is white, it is very similar, so every household should grind beans to make tofu and prepare for the New Year. In the old folk custom of the twelfth lunar month, there is a saying that the kitchen god goes to heaven. After listening to the report of the kitchen god, the jade emperor in the sky will go down to the next world on the 25th of the twelfth lunar month to observe the good and evil on earth and decide the fortune for the coming year. Therefore, every family's sacrifice says that they will pray for good luck in the annual meeting. Everyone should be cautious in their daily life and strive for good performance in order to win the favor of the Jade Emperor and bring blessings for the coming year. In fact, there are many sayings among the people on the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, and there is another saying that millet will be crushed on this day. "Millet" is millet and "millet" is yellow rice, which are two kinds of food crops. Why grind these two food crops? Because these two crops are sticky, they are called sticky noodles after grinding, which are the raw materials for steaming rice cakes. It is also a custom in the south for every family in old Beijing to steam rice cakes for the New Year. But in the south, rice cakes and glutinous rice are often used to make rice cakes. As the name implies, the rice cake is a kind of cake eaten during the New Year, which also means that the next year will be better and higher.
Minnan Spring Festival custom
The legend about the Spring Festival is a continuation of the story of New Year's Eve. There are two kinds of statements in total:
(1) In order to celebrate not being eaten by the terrible Nian beast, people say, "Congratulations! Congratulations! 」
(2) People were almost ordered by the Jade Emperor to let the Four Seas Dragon King drown people in order to celebrate that they were not framed by the wicked lantern monkey. Later, thanks to Guanyin Bodhisattva's explanation to the Jade Emperor, they were rescued from a human catastrophe. Heiqiang? Yijia? サ Feed your stomach? Bo Coffin: What's the matter with you? Call Tong?
For example, Quanzhou has taboos during the New Year.
On the first day of the first month, at the beginning of the new year, Najib takes welcoming auspiciousness as the criterion and has many taboos:
Don't drink tea and eat porridge, so as not to go out in the future.
Eat dry rice for breakfast, supplemented by whole leaf cooked food, commonly known as "longevity dish".
Don't beat and scold children, don't quarrel with others, don't say unlucky words, and don't force debts with money.
Avoid cutting things with a knife as a sign of abstinence. If all the food needs to be cut, make good preparations on New Year's Eve.
Avoid sweeping the floor with a broom to welcome the auspicious new year so as not to be swept away.
Avoid wearing old clothes and new clothes, saying "go to the old and welcome the new"; Never go barefoot. It's unlucky to be stabbed in the foot while walking.
Avoid breaking utensils, plates and the like, or the blessing of the year will be ruined; If it is broken by accident, throw the fragments into the well to suppress it.
Don't turn off the lights on New Year's Eve, the first day, the fifth day and supper, and the auspicious light will always stay.
The custom of "honoring God for the New Year" in Quanzhou
From the first day to the fifteenth day of the first month, Quanzhou is called "New Year", and "New Year" takes fifteen days. The folk song goes: "The first day, the second day and the third day, there is no posture (posture refers to women, today women don't go to the streets); On the fourth day, the gods landed (the kitchen god returned from heaven); On the fifth day, shovel fertilizer (dig out feces and start farming); Six-day separator (finishing loom, separating warp and weft, women start weaving); The first 77 yuan (man-day, taking seven kinds of vegetables and fruits to make' Qibao soup'); Completed on the eighth day (rice cake completed); Born on the ninth day of' Heaven'; The tenth day of the tenth lunar month is a good day to eat (referring to drinking at home in cold weather); Eleven please son-in-law; Twelve times (women go back to their parents' home to visit again); Thirteen eat minced meat with mustard (minced meat is porridge, and I am tired of eating wine and meat for a few days, change my taste); Fourteen-knot lamp shed; Fifteen shangyuan pills; Sixteen "mother" students; Seventeen' how can you be born' (the festival passed like this). "
Respect for God: A pair of children (zero), firecrackers everywhere, people set up a case in the hall at home, put three sacrifices, fruits, green tea, gold cups and other offerings, burn three pots of incense, light candles, worship God and ancestors. This sacrifice lasted until the fourth day.
Ryan: On New Year's Eve, the bell rang at midnight 12, ushering in the dawn of the new year. While "honoring God", every household sets off firecrackers and opens doors to welcome the spring, commonly known as "Ryan".
Sticking Spring Festival couplets: 1 month 1 day, every household sticks red paper Spring Festival couplets, no matter before or after, no matter how big or small.
Crowd worship: Qing Qianlong's "Twenty Customs of quanzhou county Records": "Song County Records": Jacky gave congratulations, and the villagers met and worshipped, saving the trouble of going back and forth. The two directors of the county led their subordinates to a meeting. Old in the palace, later in Chengtian Temple, to Chun? (1241-1252) is Pan Gong. Neighborhood is near the temple and houses will gather, and one person pushes wine and fruit as gifts. The ceremony was cancelled today. "After liberation, again.
Lucky money: the underage younger generation pays New Year greetings to the elders, and the elders give "red envelopes" as lucky money.
Daughter-in-law Day: On the second day of the first month, Quanzhou people call it "Daughter-in-law Day".
Early this morning, my daughter, son-in-law, and nephew, all dressed up, came to their grandparents' home with chicken, pig's trotters, noodles, pork belly, cakes, rice fruits and sweets and biscuits. It is as important for a son-in-law to lead his family to pay a New Year call to his father-in-law as to celebrate his birthday.
The Yue family gave a banquet. Father-in-law and son-in-law share a table, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law share a table, and many cousins share one or several tables for happy reunion.