Comprehensive measures should be taken to treat hyperlipidemia, among which diet control is one of the most important preventive measures, which is of great significance to slow down the development of hyperlipidemia and prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Starting with the choice of diet, we should follow the following principles:
(1) Control fat intake. Diet has a great influence on blood triglycerides. After normal people eat fat, foreign fat in the blood produces chyle particles, the peak of which appears in 3 ~ 5 hours after eating, and the disappearance time takes about 10 hour. For people with hyperlipidemia, the reaction is more obvious, lasts longer and the harm is enhanced. Therefore, it is required that the fat of the elderly should not exceed 20% of the total calories in the whole diet. It is advisable to eat less high-fat foods, such as cattle, sheep, pork, pure fat and cream.
(2) Increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acids. Nutritionists believe that the ratio of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet is 1: 1: 1, which is very beneficial to the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Marine fish contains a lot of higher unsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to lower blood cholesterol. The incidence of coronary heart disease among fishermen is significantly lower than that of inland residents, which is strong evidence. Vegetable oil also contains more unsaturated fatty acids necessary for human body, which can reduce the content of total cholesterol in blood, among which sesame oil, corn oil and peanut oil have the most obvious lipid-lowering effect.
(3) Reduce the intake of cholesterol in the diet. The daily cholesterol intake of the elderly should be controlled below 300 mg, and those with moderate or high blood cholesterol should be controlled below 200 mg. Avoid foods with high cholesterol content, such as animal brain, kidney, liver, roe and crab roe. Each egg contains about 200 mg of cholesterol, but the yolk is rich in lecithin. Egg phosphorus can make cholesterol and fat particles in blood smaller and suspended, thus preventing cholesterol and fat particles from depositing on the blood vessel wall, which has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is suggested that patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia eat an egg every day, and it is not advisable to eat more or not.
(4) Eat more beans and bean products. Soybean and its products are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin and vitamin E, all of which have the function of lowering blood cholesterol. Some scholars have found that eating115g of beans every day can reduce blood cholesterol by 20% after a period of time. This is because eating beans can significantly reduce the low-density lipoprotein that causes atherosclerosis.
(5) Control sugar intake. Carbohydrate should account for 45% ~ 60% of total heat energy. Because sugar can be converted into fat in the body, the elderly and patients with hyperlipidemia should control their diet, and don't overeat every meal, especially dinner, because energy consumption is low when sleeping at night, and excess sugar is easily converted into fat, which makes blood lipids rise.
(6) Eat more foods with lipid-lowering effects. There should be foods rich in cellulose in daily diet, such as vegetables, fruits and coarse grains. Because cellulose can promote cholesterol excretion, reduce cholesterol synthesis and lower cholesterol in the blood. In addition, garlic, onion, eggplant, kelp, mushrooms, fungus, hawthorn and other foods have the function of lowering blood fat and preventing atherosclerosis, and should also become "frequent visitors" on the table.
How to correct hyperlipidemia with diet therapy?
Hyperlipidemia is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people, which often leads to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Most hyperlipidemia can be effectively corrected by diet therapy. The specific dietotherapy methods are introduced as follows.
(1) Reduce cholesterol intake. Foods with high cholesterol include pig brain, egg yolk, pig liver, preserved eggs, eels, crab roe, pig kidney, roe, prawns, cream and fat. For people with coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and obesity, it is easy to cause coronary atherosclerosis after eating. So, eat as little as possible.
(2) Increase vegetable oil intake. Generally, vegetable oil contains more unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids can reduce blood cholesterol level, prevent thrombosis and help prevent atherosclerosis.
(3) Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Vegetables and fruits contain plant alcohols, which can inhibit the absorption of food cholesterol, and are also rich in vitamin C, which can also lower cholesterol.
(4) limit heat. The human liver can convert carbohydrates into fat, so people who eat a lot will get fat even if they don't eat meat. Therefore, people who are overweight and have high levels of triglycerides in their blood should limit the total calories in their diet.
(5) Eat less sweets. Eating more sweets will make people fat, and it will also lead to an increase in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which will lead to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
(6) For patients with arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, it is beneficial to boil kelp and eat kelp soup in moderation. Or use 50g of kelp and 0/5 g of cassia seed/kloc-each time, boil in water, filter out the medicine, eat kelp and drink soup.
As long as patients with hyperlipidemia eat according to the above requirements, most patients' blood lipids can be reduced to varying degrees.
What common foods have lipid-lowering effects?
The increase of blood lipid is very harmful, and it is easy to cause atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, while using lipid-lowering drugs, we should not ignore the lipid-lowering effect of food. Here are some foods that can reduce blood fat.
(1) Soybean and bean products are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and lecithin, which can reduce the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride in blood without affecting the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. More importantly, soybean and its products also contain a lot of saponins (such as foam substances floating on the liquid surface when soybean milk is boiled), which can not only effectively reduce blood lipids, but also alleviate and prevent arteriosclerosis.
(2) Garlic It has been found abroad that fresh garlic can greatly reduce the content of harmful cholesterol in the blood. Garlic powder products can reduce cholesterol by 8%, and fresh garlic or garlic extract can reduce cholesterol 15%. The lipid-lowering effect of garlic is related to the substance allicin contained in garlic. This effective component of garlic has antibacterial and antitumor properties, which can prevent atherosclerosis and reduce blood sugar and blood lipid. It has also been reported that taking garlic powder or garlic extract every day, or sticking to garlic, will reduce blood pressure by 65,438+00% after 4-5 weeks. If you eat a garlic every day, you can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
(3) The hypolipidemic effect of onion is related to allyl disulfide and a small amount of sulfur-containing amino acids. These substances are glycoconjugates, which can not only reduce blood lipid, but also prevent atherosclerosis and protect arterial blood vessels. Foreign scholars believe that eating more onions in middle-aged and elderly people can prevent the occurrence and development of hyperlipidemia arteriosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease.
(4) Kelp Kelp contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which can remove excessive cholesterol attached to the blood vessel wall of human body; The dietary fiber alginic acid in kelp can regulate the stomach, promote the excretion of cholesterol and control the absorption of cholesterol; Kelp is rich in calcium, which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol and lower blood pressure. The synergistic effect of these three substances is very beneficial to prevent hypertension, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis.
(5) Hawthorn contains a lot of vitamin C and trace elements, and has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, promoting digestion, invigorating stomach, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood lipid and dilating coronary artery.
(6) Corn is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium and selenium, as well as lecithin, linoleic acid and vitamin E, which can reduce serum total cholesterol. Central American Indians have almost no hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, mainly because their staple food is corn.
(7) In recent years, the research on Auricularia auricula proved that Auricularia auricula has the effects of anti-platelet aggregation, reducing blood lipid and preventing cholesterol deposition, and it was also found that Auricularia auricula has the effect of anti-lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is closely related to aging. Therefore, the elderly often eat auricularia auricula, which can prevent hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease and prolong life.
(8) Apples are rich in pectin, which can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and prevent fat accumulation. Pectin in apples can also be combined with other cholesterol-lowering substances, such as vitamin C, fructose and magnesium. To form new compounds, thus enhancing the efficacy of lowering blood lipid. It is reported that people who eat 1 ~ 2 apples a day can reduce their blood cholesterol by 10%.
(9) Milk contains hydroxyl and methyl pentanediol, which can inhibit the activity of human cholesterol synthase, thus inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol and reducing the content of cholesterol in blood. In addition, milk also contains more calcium, which can also reduce the body's absorption of cholesterol.
(10) Fish contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids necessary for human body, and its blood lipid lowering effect is 2 ~ 5 times that of vegetable oil, which has a good health care effect on blood vessels of middle-aged and elderly people. According to scientists' research, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among Eskimos living in Greenland in the Arctic Ocean is low, almost zero, and there are few heart disease patients among Japanese and Dutch fishermen, all because they eat more fish.
In addition to the above foods, tea, chrysanthemum and lotus leaf all have certain hypolipidemic effects, especially chrysanthemum, which can not only effectively reduce blood lipid, but also prevent atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure, with lasting and stable effects.
Which traditional Chinese medicines can lower blood fat?
In recent years, clinical studies have proved that many traditional Chinese medicines have the function of reducing blood fat, such as cassia seed, Alisma orientalis, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Pollen Typhae, Crataegus pinnatifida, rhubarb, safflower, Ginkgo biloba, Polygonum cuspidatum, evening primrose, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae and malt.
(1) Cassia seed, also known as Cassia seed, is a mature seed of cassia obtusifolia, an annual plant in Leguminosae. It is a traditional Chinese medicine with bitter taste and slight cold, and mainly contains phytosterol and anthraquinone. It has the effects of inhibiting the increase of serum cholesterol and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, and has a significant effect of reducing blood lipid. 50 grams of cassia seed is commonly used in clinic, and it is taken twice after being decocted with water. Taking 1 month can gradually reduce cholesterol to normal level.
(2) Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It's the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , Polygonaceae perennial herbs. It tastes bitter and cold, and contains anthraquinones such as rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and aloe-emodin, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce cholesterol absorption and accelerate cholesterol excretion, thus playing a role in reducing blood fat and preventing atherosclerosis. Polygonum multiflorum tablets are commonly taken orally in clinic, 5 tablets each time, 3 times a day, 1 ~ 3 months, and the effective rate can reach 89%. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing essence and blood, moistening intestine and relaxing bowels. It is especially suitable for elderly patients with hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney yin deficiency and constipation.
(3) Alisma orientalis is the tuber of Alisma orientalis, a perennial swamp plant of Alismataceae, which is sweet in taste and cold in nature. It contains triterpenoids, which can affect the decomposition of fat and reduce the raw materials for cholesterol synthesis, thus having the functions of reducing blood fat, preventing and treating atherosclerosis and fatty liver. Alisma orientalis Jiangzhi tablets are commonly used, 3 tablets each time, 3 times a day, and the course of treatment is 2 ~ 3 months 1.
(4) Pollen Typhae, an aquatic herb of Typha family, is sweet in taste and contains phytosterols such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, rapeseed sterol, etc., which can inhibit the absorption of exogenous cholesterol in the intestine, thus reducing blood lipids. But only raw pollen typhae has the effect, pollen typhae and residue have no such effect. The daily dosage of tablets or granules used in clinic is equivalent to 30 grams of Pollen Typhae, and the course of treatment is 1 ~ 2 months, which has obvious cholesterol-lowering effect.
(5) Crataegus pinnatifida is the fruit of deciduous shrub or small arbor plant of Rosaceae. It is sweet and sour in nature and contains behenic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and other substances. It has the functions of dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, lowering cholesterol and increasing digestive enzymes in gastric juice. Hawthorn tablets are commonly used in clinic, 2 ~ 3 tablets each time, 3 times a day, and the course of treatment is 1 month. You can also use 50 grams of hawthorn fruit, decoct it with water, and drink tea instead.
(6) Rhubarb is the rhizome of Rheum palmatum or Rheum tanguticum, a perennial herb of Polygonaceae. It tastes bitter and cold, and contains anthraquinone derivatives such as emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion. Has the function of lowering blood pressure and cholesterol. Clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia patients, oral rhubarb powder 0.25 g each time, 4 times a day, 1 month is 1 course of treatment, the effective rate of cholesterol reduction is 84%, and triglyceride is also reduced to some extent. Raw rhubarb has the effects of relaxing bowels, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Therefore, it is especially suitable for hyperlipidemia patients with excessive and dry stools.
(7) Carthamus tinctorius, a biennial herb in Compositae, is pungent and warm, and contains crocin, safflower oil, safflower yellow pigment, linoleic acid, etc. Has the effects of dilating coronary artery, lowering blood pressure, and lowering serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. Clinically, the usual dosage is 20 ml each time, taken orally three times a day for 4 ~ 5 months, and the effective rate of cholesterol reduction is 72%.
(8) Ginkgo biloba leaves are the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba, a deciduous tree plant of Ginkgoaceae, and contain shikimic acid, ginkgetin, isoflavones, sterols and other components. Experimental research and clinical practice have proved that it can reduce serum cholesterol and dilate coronary artery. It has certain curative effect on hypertension, hyperlipidemia and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Used alone or in combination with Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong and Flos Carthami. Such as Yinchuan red tablet, the dosage is 5 ~ 10g per day.
How to treat hyperlipidemia with diet therapy?
(1) Hawthorn Xiaozhi Drink: fresh hawthorn 30g, raw Sophora japonica 5g, tender lotus leaf 15g, cassia seed 10g. Wash the medicine, put it in a pot and boil it for 15 ~ 20 minutes, remove the residue and take the juice, add a little sugar to taste, and drink it often. Daily 1 dose, 1 day is1course of treatment. People with high blood sugar should avoid adding sugar to the liquid medicine to taste.
(2) Polygonum multiflorum Thunb porridge: 50g Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, celery 100g, minced lean pork 50g, japonica rice 100g, salt and monosodium glutamate. Stir-fry Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. in a casserole first, and then take the juice. When the porridge is ready, add lean meat and celery and cook until the rice is rotten. After seasoning with salt and monosodium glutamate, you can take it in the morning and evening. Long-term consumption is quite beneficial to delay atherosclerosis and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
(3) Corn porridge: japonica rice 100g, corn flour 50g. First, put the japonica rice into a pot, add 500 ~ 1000 ml of water, cook until the rice blooms, add corn flour and cook into porridge. You can eat three meals a day. Regular use can achieve good lipid-lowering effect.
(4) Black sesame porridge: black sesame 30g, rice 40g, mulberry 30g, sugar 10g. First, clean black sesame, rice and mulberry, then mash them together in a mortar, then put 1000 ml of clean water into a casserole, cook it into a paste, and then add sugar to serve.
(5) Cassia seed seaweed soup: Cassia seed 10g, kelp 20g. Put them together in a casserole, add 500 ~ 800 ml of water, and when they are fried to 250 ml, remove the residue and drink soup. Every day 1 dose. 30 days is 1 course of treatment. This prescription has obvious curative effect on hyperlipidemia with dizziness.
(6) Stewed bamboo shoots with mushrooms: 200g of winter bamboo shoots and 200g of fresh mushrooms. First, the bamboo shoots are shelled and washed, cooked in water, cooled and cut into pieces, and then the mushrooms are washed and cut into pieces. Stir-fry the two in a hot oil pan, add a little salt to taste, and then add 100 ml water. After boiling, thicken it with starch and put it into a bowl from the pot.
(7) Lotus leaf sugar porridge: a large piece of fresh lotus leaf, japonica rice100g, and appropriate amount of rock sugar. First, stir-fry the lotus leaves, remove the dregs to get juice, add japonica rice to cook porridge, add rock sugar, and cook for 10 minute. Can be used frequently.
(8) Hawthorn Chrysanthemum Drink: 20g of hawthorn, 20g of chrysanthemum and 20g of honeysuckle. Put them in a teacup, pour them into boiling water, cover them and drink them later. It can be used instead of tea and has good lipid-lowering effect.
ZD (17 17) Daniel 888 (56344) March 25, 2004 (14: 34: 24). ..
How to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia?
Under modern medical conditions, hyperlipidemia can be prevented, and its countermeasures mainly include the following aspects:
1 reasonable diet: reasonable diet is the basis of treating hyperlipidemia. Any patient with hyperlipidemia should be treated with diet first, and only when the diet therapy is ineffective or the patient can't tolerate it (usually it takes six months to one year) can medication be given, because diet therapy is the most physiologically effective measure. No matter what kind of lipid-lowering drugs, there are more or less side effects, even when taking drugs, you can't relax reasonable diet measures.
Moderate physical exercise: Physical exercise can increase consumption, improve lipid metabolism and prevent the increase of body fat and blood lipid. Exercise can completely reduce the blood lipid content of hypertriglyceridemia patients to normal level. Moreover, exercise can also increase the content of anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein-high density lipoprotein in human blood, improve heart function and increase collateral circulation of the heart, thus playing a good role in preventing and treating coronary heart disease. Patients with hyperlipidemia who are healthy and have no coronary heart disease should exercise regularly, such as long-distance running, cycling, swimming, playing ball games and climbing mountains. However, strenuous exercise is not suitable for those with coronary heart disease, severe hypertension and diabetes. Under the guidance of doctors, these patients should take appropriate exercises according to their condition, such as medical gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong.
Appropriate physical therapy: when the above methods are ineffective, other physical therapies should be supplemented, such as mineral spring bath and electromagnetic therapy in liver area. Liver electromagnetic therapy can regulate liver metabolic disorder, thus correcting hyperlipidemia.
Drug treatment: for stubborn and serious hyperlipidemia, appropriate drug treatment can be given. At present, there are no lipid-lowering drugs that meet the physiological requirements. Most lipid-lowering drugs only have short-term effects, and long-term use has obvious side effects. Therefore, drug therapy should be used as the last resort to treat lipid metabolism disorder in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease, and combined with non-drug therapy.
How to treat hyperlipidemia with reasonable diet?
The so-called reasonable diet includes two meanings: first, the dietary measures taken should not only achieve the purpose of lowering blood fat, but also make patients get enough nutrition supply to ensure their health. The one-sided vegetarian diet or "three noes" (no meat, no eggs and no fish) is absolutely unacceptable. Secondly, diet therapy should be different according to different types of hyperlipidemia, and it should also vary from person to person. We should not copy mechanically, let alone hearsay. Here is a brief introduction to the diet treatment of different types of hyperlipidemia:
(1) For patients with hypercholesterolemia and normal triglyceride content, the focus of diet therapy is to limit food cholesterol, and the total daily intake is less than 200mg. Patients should avoid or eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk (each egg yolk contains 250 ~ 300mg of cholesterol), shellfish (such as mussels and snails) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and fish eggs). On the other hand, patients should take in nutrients with low cholesterol, such as lean pork, beef, duck, chicken, fish and milk. The cholesterol content of these foods is not high, for example, each bottle of milk only contains 30mg, and other foods only contain about 100mg of cholesterol. Don't avoid eating too much. Secondly, it is necessary to limit animal fat and appropriately increase vegetable oil. The calculation shows that it is ideal for each patient to eat 500~750g vegetable oil (soybean oil, corn oil, vegetable oil, etc.) if animal oil is not used for cooking. ) every month. Although vegetable oil is good, it should not be eaten more, otherwise it will also bring bad effects. Third, eat more fruits and vegetables and increase fiber intake. Fourth, eat more cholesterol-lowering foods, such as soybeans and their products, onions, garlic, cauliflower (grass head), mushrooms, fungus and so on. Some of these foods also have anticoagulant effect, which is also good for preventing thrombosis and coronary heart disease.
(2) Hypertriglyceridemia For patients with only elevated blood triglyceride content and normal cholesterol content, the key points of diet treatment are different from the above. The key is to limit food intake and lose weight, so that the weight can reach and be maintained within the standard range. The standard weight can be calculated by the following formula:
Male: Height (cm)-105 (kg)
Female: Height (cm)-107.5 (kg)
The second is to limit sweets. These patients are particularly sensitive to sugar, and eating sugar will make their triglyceride content higher. Therefore, white sugar, brown sugar, fruit candy, honey and sugary foods and medicines should be eaten as little as possible or not. Third, prohibition of alcohol, alcohol can increase the triglyceride content of such patients. Fourth, protein, especially soybean protein, should be appropriately increased. Fifth, properly limit cholesterol, below 300mg per day, allowing patients to eat 3 eggs per week, and other foods containing cholesterol can also be eaten properly, as long as the total intake is not higher than the above limit. Sixth, properly limit fat, especially animal fat.
(3) The content of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia is increased, and the focus of diet therapy is to combine the above two types. That is, properly limit cholesterol and animal fat, control food intake to lose weight, avoid eating sweets, abstain from alcohol, appropriately increase vegetable oil, beans and their products, and eat more vegetables, fruits and some foods with lipid-lowering effect.