1. Renmin Lane
Changzhou is one of the famous historical towns in the south of the Yangtze River with a history of about 2,500 years. The city is rich in relics in various historical periods. Qingguo Lane is the best preserved and most famous ancient street in Changzhou, and it is the essence of Changzhou's overall historical features. She not only retains some historical sites in different historical periods, but also preserves simple and beautiful traditional buildings and celebrities' former residences. In addition, it is close to the ancient canal, which is a charming water town in the south of the Yangtze River and a rare land of geomantic omen in Changzhou.
Qingguo Lane is located in the south-central part of the old city of Changzhou, starting from Zhuochu Bridge of Heping Road in the east, south street of commercial center in the west and moat in the south. In addition to the traditional houses made of blue bricks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are many former residences of celebrities with high historical and cultural values, such as the former residence of patriotic industrialist Liu Guojun and the former residence of language master Zhao Yuanren. This is the only famous family gathering place in Changzhou.
2. Food culture
Changzhou snacks not only have local traditional characteristics, but also have the flavor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. They have a wide range of materials, salty and sweet stuffing, exquisite meat quality and are famous for their fine production.
Crab steamed stuffed bun was first created by Wanhua Teahouse in the south of Xiaoheyan pontoon bridge. Its characteristics: crab oil is golden and shiny, fat but not greasy, crab-scented, juicy and delicious, with thin skin and strong tendons, tender, smooth and refreshing stuffing, and delicious with balsamic vinegar and ginger.
Sesame cake Changzhou sesame cake is an oval sesame cake with unique taste and flavor, and it is also the favorite traditional food of Changzhou people. When it is made, white flour, high-quality sesame seeds, white sugar, refined salt and other raw materials are selected and refined through kneading, stirring, kneading, stuffing, molding, baking and other processes. There are two flavors of salty and sweet for buyers to choose from. As soon as the qualified biscuits are baked, they are rich in flavor, yellow and moist in color but not burnt, moderate in salty and sweet but not greasy, crisp and delicious but not crisp, and good in color, smell and taste. In the past, Changzhou sesame cakes were mostly eaten by local people for breakfast. Nowadays, after reform and innovation, carefully packaged, elegant and easy to carry, it has become a necessary gift for people to visit relatives and friends.
Crab shell yellow Crab shell yellow is a local snack in Changzhou, commonly known as Ma Xiao cake, which is often used as a gift with sesame cake. There are four kinds of fillings: shepherd's purse, onion oil, sugar and bright oil bean paste. Its characteristics: it is shaped like a crab shell, golden in color, oily but not greasy, crisp and refreshing, sweet and mellow in sugar stuffing, and fresh and fragrant in salty stuffing.
Wonton Chicken Soup Wonton is a special snack in Changzhou with a history of more than 40 years. Its characteristics: smooth skin, fragrant stuffing, fat but not greasy, delicious.
Fermented Yuanxiao Fermented Yuanxiao is one of Changzhou's special snacks, and people have the custom of eating Yuanxiao during the Spring Festival. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Pei added wine to the traditional Lantern Festival and created the Lantern Festival with wine. Its characteristics: the dough is like jade grains, the wine is rich, the flavor is unique, and it is sweet and refreshing.
Silver-faced silver face is a characteristic variety of Changzhou, which has a history of more than 30 years. The ingredients are exquisite, the operation procedure is strict, and the noodles are delicate, white as silver, soft and smooth, tough and not sticky. It is one of the collection varieties of China snacks.
Ma Tang Changzhou Ma Tang has a long history and unique flavor. According to legend, as early as the Tang Dynasty, the local people began to mix sugar and sesame seeds in caramelization to make a kind of hemp candy, called hemp candy. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a great show of smoke and the army of nomads from the North invaded the south on a large scale. Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, fled from the capital city of Bianliang to the south and was partial to the south of the Yangtze River. He always compromised and made peace, not wanting to recover the lost land in the north. The people are very dissatisfied with this. At that time, someone wrote a poem saying, "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a Bianzhou! "To vent their dissatisfaction. The people in Changwu area expressed their desire to resist gold and recover lost land in another form. They changed the spherical sesame candy into a cylindrical shape like a vessel and gave it to Kang Wang to inspire his courage to resist and rejuvenate the country. People don't know whether Zhao Gou, King Kang, was encouraged or not. However, Changzhou sesame sugar has been made into a cylinder since then and continues to this day. Changzhou sesame sugar is finely selected and beautifully made. Sesame requires no skin cover and no stuffing at both ends. The hole in the sugar layer is not hard, the taste is sweet and crisp, and it does not stick to teeth. The color is white and bright, and the thickness is generally uniform, just 20 pieces per catty. It is really a good gift for a family trip and a friend.
Anyone who has been to Changzhou with dried radish will say, "There is a strange thing in Changzhou. Dried radish is an appetizer. " Authentic Changzhou dried radish is really different from dried radish in other places. It is made of sweet and tender solid carrots produced by the new gate outside the west gate of Changzhou, washed and cut into strips, moderately dried, and then added with appropriate amount of salt, sugar and various auxiliary materials, and carefully pickled. Due to the excellent selection of materials, a unique pickling process and a unique flavor seasoning are adopted. Therefore, Changzhou dried radish is yellow and red in color, salty but not salty, slightly sweet in salty, crisp but not spicy, and very delicious. Besides, it is cheap and easy to carry. It is not only a side dish for people to eat, but also a pastime food after drinking and eating. If you buy authentic Changzhou products, customers will be satisfied.
Shrimp cakes have a history of nearly 200 years. Yuan Mei, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in "Suiyuan Food List": "Shrimp cake, raw shrimp, onion, salt, pepper, a little sweet wine, add water and flour, and sesame oil will burn thoroughly." Golden color, crisp outside and soft inside, fragrant and delicious.
Horseshoe Crisp After the Taiping Army captured Changzhou in the tenth year of Qing and Xianfeng, a kind of shortcake shaped like horseshoe appeared among the people to praise the achievements of Taiping Army. Horseshoe crisp is made of refined white flour, cotton candy, soybean oil and other raw materials, baked in a traditional stove. Golden color, sweet and crisp. It has been listed as a famous dish in China.
Sanxian wonton stuffing is made of shrimp, fresh herring and fresh pork, so it is called Sanxian. Wonton skin is made of white flour mixed with egg white, and wonton soup is made of chicken soup stewed with fresh hens. Wonton skin is thin and smooth, the stuffing is fresh and tender, and the soup is clear and delicious.
Elonsu Ham Elonsu Ham was founded in 1932 and is famous for making vegetarian snacks. Elonsu ham is a traditional specialty of Changzhou Elonsu restaurant. This product is made of excellent materials, advanced formula and scientific production technology, supplemented by a variety of natural precious spices and natural pigments. This product is fragrant, dry, soft and delicious, refreshing. Sliced and sprinkled with sesame oil, it looks like ham. It is a delicacy for dining, drinking and traveling, and it is also a good gift for relatives and friends. 1989 won the "Jinding" award for high-quality food from the Ministry of Commerce, and it is one of the top ten famous spots in Changzhou.
Tianmu Lake Casserole Fish Head Tianmu Lake Casserole Fish Head: Founded in Tianmu Lake Hotel, Jiangsu Province, it has been carefully cooked by Zhu Shuncai, senior chef, Jiangsu Province for nearly 30 years. Now it has been hailed as the best traditional dish in Jiangsu and has become a wonderful flower in China cuisine. Cooking fish head in Tianmu Lake casserole is made of silver carp head naturally raised in Tianmu Lake as raw material, natural Tianmu Lake as soup base and special cooking technology. Because the beautiful Tianmu Lake not only filters the lake with the green vegetation around the mountain, but also has sand instead of mud at the bottom, this unique natural environment makes Tianmu Lake clear, sweet and spotless, so the fish growing in it have no earthy smell. Therefore, the fish head of Tianmu Lake casserole is highly praised by the vast number of food lovers for its excellent quality of "fresh but not fishy, fat but not greasy".
Bean Zhai Cake Bean Zhai Cake: A kind of food, such as the size of a coin, is made of cowpea, which is used as a vegetarian dish for ancestor worship in Changzhou, so it is called bean Zhai Cake. This is a famous dish in Changzhou. Money cake: bean cake, with large shape and minced meat in the middle, is a unique local product of Changzhou. Bean Zhai cake is a kind of bean product made from white finch cowpea. Its production technology is only circulated in Changzhou, and it is difficult to find its trace outside Changzhou. Of course, the word Bean Zhai Cake was invented by Changzhou people, and it is an out-and-out Changzhou dialect. According to legend, Emperor Qianlong visited Changzhou six times before and after he went to the south of the Yangtze River. He once tasted bean curd cake in Changzhou champion Qian Weicheng's home and found it unique. Later, when the emperor returned to the imperial palace in Beijing, he thought of the dried tofu in Changzhou, but the chef in the imperial palace could never make the dried tofu in Changzhou.
3. Folk arts and crafts:
Root carving, Jintan paper carving, comb, random needle embroidery, Han painting brick carving, bamboo carving.
Four scenic spots
Tianning Temple
Known as "the first jungle in Southeast China"; Hongmeige, Dongpo West Wild Goose Lake, Old Museum, Tang Jingchuan Tomb, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Protection Site, Weidun Village Site, Qu Qiubai Memorial Hall, Yancheng Site in Spring and Autumn Period, Nantianning Pagoda, Su Dongpo Boat Pavilion in Northern Song Dynasty, Liyang Agricultural Culture Park, Tianmu Lake Taigong Mountain, Changzhou Asia Film and Television City, Nanshan Bamboo Sea, Nandajie, Dongpo Park, Chinese Ape Museum, Bi. Zhang's former residence, Lushu Park, Lemmon Metropolitan International Business District, Qingguo Lane, North Shore, New Fourth Army Jiangnan Headquarters, Jintan Longshan Tower, Jintan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Dai, Hengshan Ba Long Temple, Yilin Garden, Shan, Liyang Nanyang Bridge, Longtan Forest Park, Yanling Road, Yanghu Square, Gehugen Art Museum, Hua Memorial Hall, Zhang's former residence, Liang Shi's former residence and Zhao Yi's former residence. In recent years, Changzhou has accelerated the development of tourism resources and launched the China Dinosaur Park, Liyang Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort and Jintan Maoshan Scenic Area. Tianning Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, is a national key protected temple and a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, and is known as "the first jungle in Southeast China". It was built in the Yonghui period of the Tang Dynasty (650-655) and has a history of 1300 years. The founder of Tianning Temple is Farong Zen Master. Qianlong went to Tianning Temple to burn incense three times and wrote a plaque and couplets for the temple. Incense is flourishing all day here, and tourists are like clouds. Now it is a national key protected temple. Tianning Temple has 497 rooms with three rooms and two pavilions on the 24th floor, with a total area of 1 10 mu. Tianning Temple is called the jungle because it is famous at home and abroad for its high hall, numerous Buddha statues and monks. Tianning Temple is mainly composed of Tianwang Temple, Luohan Hall, Daxiong Hall, Wanghai Guanyin, Jade Buddha Hall, Release Pond and other scenic spots. (Transportation: Take bus 1 1 or 30 to the railway station. )
China dinosaur park
It is the first stage of the development of Changzhou modern tourism and leisure area. The total area of China Dinosaur Museum is 1.4 million square meters, with the highest dome of 36 meters and the highest faucet of 7 1 meter. With its grand space and unique architectural language, it has become a landmark building of Changzhou tourism.
China Dinosaur Museum has five main museums and six sub-museums, which are connected with each other through logical routes. Based on the history of biological evolution, this paper highlights the theme of dinosaurs from survival, reproduction, evolution to destruction, and reveals the profound theme that life and environment are interdependent and human beings must protect the ecological environment.
Through the way of scene creation, the unique living environment of Mesozoic is reproduced by splashing waterfalls, cold and steep rocks, waterless oceans, dense jungles and wild caves. Fossil display uses different methods, high-tech means, sound and photoelectricity, combined with film and television imaging, cartoon animation, dinosaur flip-flops, online games and various scientific and technological productions, making China Dinosaur Museum break through the traditional concept of "natural history" and become a modern and powerful new dinosaur museum integrating natural history, popular science, appreciation, amusement and participation.
Around the dinosaur museum, there are more than 20 exciting and dynamic entertainment projects in the park, such as crossing Jurassic and Cretaceous three-dimensional maze, Triassic mountain grottoes, dinosaur mountain adventure, desert beach rafting, dynamic three-dimensional movies, high-altitude zip line, rocket man, super trapeze, hot air balloon launch, simulated rock climbing, couples riding, lawn bowling, earthquake disc, racetrack, parent-child park, water bike and so on, so that tourists can relax and linger. (Transportation: Take bus No.29 at the railway station or bus No.302 at Nanjie. )
Nashan Bamboo Sea
Nanshan Bamboo Sea Eco-tourism Zone has a pleasant environment, beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery, and there is no pollution for dozens of miles in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang. Strolling through the bamboo sea, you can see endless bamboos leaning against mountains and bouldering, all kinds of them, with unique flavor; Millennium Gu Song, towering ancient plants, towering tall and straight, rare and magical; Bamboo rafts in the mountain mirror lake, gurgling streams in Shandong and bamboo houses of different shapes have formed a unique artistic conception of simplicity, simplicity, primitiveness and nature. There are also legends such as Xianshantou, Jinniuling, Guodishan and ancient highway, which add to the mystery of Nanshan Bamboo Sea. At present, the scenic spots that have been opened to the outside world include: dam dam printing the moon, bamboo raft singing, safari park, snake art museum, mountain people, night camping, towering ancient plants, Millennium Gu Song and so on. (Transportation: Take CMB from Liyang Bus Terminal to Li Jiayuan and get off at the gate of the scenic spot. Running time is about 15 minutes, and travel time is 1 hour. )
Tianmu Lake
Located eight kilometers south of liyang city, there are two national large reservoirs, Shahe and Daxi, which are named "Tianmu Lake" because they belong to the remnant veins of Tianmu Mountain. The development and construction of Tianmu Lake began at 1992, which is a provincial-level tourist resort integrating forest vacation, agricultural sightseeing, environmental protection and lake entertainment. At present, Yangshan Natural Park has built tourist attractions such as Tianmu Lake, Hu Lishan Park, Hoonji, Champion Pavilion, Shooting City, Sea World and Water Park. Surrounded by mountains, clear lakes, chessboard-like fields and patchwork tea gardens. There are pure natural pastoral scenery maps everywhere, the lakeshore twists and turns, and natural scenery and artificial embellishment complement each other. There are ancient and famous trees, exotic flowers and different grasses in the scenic area. Wild animals such as wild boar, hare, pheasant and wild duck inhabit and multiply, which is endless fun. Mountains, water, forests, birds and animals coexist and prosper together, forming a strange natural ecological map.
There are mainly scenic spots such as Landscape Garden, Hydrangea Island, Champion Pavilion, Bird Island, Taigong Mountain and Hoonji.
Transportation: Changzhou Bus Station has a shuttle bus to Tianmu Lake Scenic Area every weekend; In Liyang city, you can take bus No.9 to the scenic spot directly. Drive from Liyang Bus Terminal along 24 1 Provincial Highway for about 8 kilometers to Tianmu Lake Scenic Area.
Yancheng wildlife park
Jiangsu Yancheng Wildlife World is located in the central area of Wujin, Changzhou, which is a beautiful and rich golden triangle area of the Yangtze River. It is adjacent to the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit "Spring and Autumn Yancheng Site" with the reputation of "the first water city in China", 8 kilometers away from Changzhou. The zoo is a large-scale comprehensive theme park with the characteristics of wild animals' ecological free-range, which integrates animal interesting viewing, leisure and entertainment, popular science education and ancient culture display. The first phase of the project covers an area of 2,000 mu with a total investment of 500 million yuan. It was officially opened to the outside world on June 65438+1October 65438+1October 2007. More than 200 species of rare and endangered wild animals from all over the world, with nearly 10,000 heads, are exhibited in the park. So far, it is the only super-large wildlife park in Jiangsu Province.
Dongpo park
Dongpo Park (Qianzhou Pavilion) is located in the east of Changzhou, formerly known as Dong Jiao Park, covering an area of 2.667 hectares. It is a Jiangnan garden integrating scenic spots and historical sites with natural scenery. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Changzhou citizens built the "Zhouzhou Pavilion" to commemorate Su Dongpo, a great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, who came to Chang and moored ships here. During the southern tour of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Wanshou Pavilion was built here and Ganzhou Pavilion was rebuilt. Qianzhou Pavilion was originally named Wenchengba. It is said that Changzhou has always been rich in humanities. In order to prevent Changzhou's talents from flowing eastward, a dam was built on the ancient canal to make the river flow eastward around a big bend. Su Dongpo came to Changzhou eleven times and finally died in Changzhou. However, he actually tied the boat here only twice. On one occasion, 1073, he went to Zhenjiang from Hangzhou Changzhou. On New Year's Eve, he wrote a poem "Stay outside Changzhou except at night" in the eastern suburb outside the city of Gu Zhou Ye Su. The other time was at 1 10 1. After returning from Hainan, he lived in Sun Shi Pavilion at Qiaotou, gutang. The day he was ill, it was sultry. In order to get "fast wind and running water", he washed away the stagnation of his illness and went boating in the canal at midnight. At this time, the audience on the shore was blocked and the whole city was sensational.
5. Humanistic care
Changzhou has been famous for its outstanding people since ancient times. Ji Zha, a famous politician and diplomat in the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiao Tong, editor-in-chief of Selected Works of Zhaoming, Chen Ji, who presided over the compilation of Yongle Dadian, Duan Yucai, a linguist in Qing Dynasty, and Gong Zizhen, a thinker. From Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 9 champions, 1, 546.
From modern times to contemporary times, a group of political leaders and revolutionaries, such as Li (), Qu Qiubai, Zhang He and Yun, the author of The Officialdom in the Present, as well as the "Seven Gentlemen" and Shi Liang, have shined in history. Industrialist Sheng Xuanhuai He, linguist and mathematician Hua, physician Wu Jieping, master of calligraphy and painting Liu Haisu and others are well-known at home and abroad. At present, there are 56 Changzhou academicians in China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering. Ranked fourth in the country.
The fate of Su Shi, Su Dongpo and Yixing can be traced back to two years in Jiayou, Song Renzong.
That year, Su Dongpo went to Beijing to take the exam and became a scholar. At a children's party in the same year, his deskmate was Jiang Yingshu (a stranger) from Yixing County, Changzhou, and Shan and Hu Zongfu from Wujin County. Su Dongpo learned the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan from the introduction of Jiang, Shan and Hu Zongfu. He was fascinated by the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. In the wine, I made a "chicken and millet agreement" in Yixing, Changzhou. However, due to his youthful spirit, Su Dongpo thought that he had not yet displayed his ambition, so he was only in a temporary mood and was not very serious. This can be seen from Su Dongpo's poems with Jiang:
In the moonlight, I was surprised that the magpie was not in its branches, but it floated with me.
The autumn wind on the river is infinitely good, and there are not many spring dreams on the pillow.
Qionglin flowers and plants smell the preface. Painting Xishan refers to the later period.
If you dare to make an appointment for a chicken, you should think it over.
Later, Su Dongpo met Qian Gongfu, Qian's father and son, Hu Renxiu, Hong Ji and Teng Yuanfa, Shao, and other old friends in Yixing.
Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou for five years because of Wutai poetry case. It was not until the seventh year of Yuanfeng that he was pardoned.
Free of charge. Political ups and downs have made him more eager to retire from the countryside and devote himself to self-sufficiency. Changzhou's beautiful and rich land, mild and humid climate and friends who never turned against him all made him want to stay, so he decided to ask the court to let him stay in Changzhou.
He twice begged the court to allow him to live in Changzhou. He wrote in "begging Changzhou to live in the table": ... and you have no land, and Ruzhou has no other fields to make a living. Worry about dogs and horses is an urgent need for hunger and cold. ..... I have a thin field in Yixing County, Changzhou, thick porridge, eager for holiness. I am chartered to live in Changzhou. "
When he learned that the court had allowed him to live in Changzhou, he cried with joy and sang for his wish: "Back and forth, the stream is bottomless, and there are thousands of cragginess in the world;" On the east bank of the painting building, there are many sunsets in the sky. "
On May 22nd, the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Su Dongpo led his family to Changzhou relegation hospital. After several twists and turns, Su Dongpo finally returned to this yearning land. He traveled all over Changzhou. He left his poem in Taiping Temple and Hongzhi: "Six Flowers? Buddha in Portuguese forest, nine calamus immortals on stone; What is it, like Dongpo's iron crutch, that shook the wild fox Zen for a while. " "Jasper bowl with red agate, well water to raise Acorus gramineus. I also know that Buddhism is endless, so I don't know if the Zen master is full. "
Throughout Su Dongpo's life, he has formed an indissoluble bond with Changzhou. When Su Dongpo was young, he made many Changzhou students. They showed Su Dongpo a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, which made him make a "chicken-millet pact" with his friends. However, although there is an oath of reconciliation, it is a loose word without careful consideration. When Su Dongpo really arrived in Changzhou, he appreciated the charm of Shan Ye, a water town, and was deeply attracted. When he left Huangzhou in middle age, Su Dongpo begged to live in Changzhou twice and finally got his wish. Since then, he has forged an indissoluble bond with Changzhou. Even in the era, when he was politically prosperous, he made a decision with Changzhou Shangshu Hu (Wanfu): "Someone has settled in Piling and made a secret appointment with Wanfu." On the way back to the north, he was warmly detained all the way, and some even provided accommodation for free, but he always firmly said: "However, some fate is in the southeast!" He finally returned to the haunted Changzhou. Finally, he realized his long-cherished wish in Changzhou's "Eulogy", which mourned Qian Gong's wealth in Ji Xining for seven years: "The great river flows south and the great river flows north. I walked around and didn't come back. My death will stop all this. "
6. The charm of Wu dialect
Brief introduction of Changzhou dialect
In the past thousand years, Changzhou Prefecture, as the central city in the west of Taihu Lake basin in the south of the Yangtze River, has had a great influence on the formation and development of regional culture in the northwest of Taihu Lake. Although the historical and political concept of Changzhou House has disappeared, Changzhou dialect is still an important historical witness of Changzhou House culture.
Changzhou dialect of Wu dialect (Piling dialect) is the core dialect of Wu dialect in the northwest of Taihu Lake. It covers the areas along the Yangtze River, north of Taihu Lake, east of Maoshan Mountain, west of Wuxi and below Yangzhong. Its important dialect points are Changzhou (Wujin), Yixing, Jiangyin (West), Liyang, (Old) Jintan, Zhangjiagang (I), Gaochun (I) and Jingjiang.
As early as before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Changzhou indigenous dialect belonged to Baiyue language family. With the spread of Central Plains culture to the south of the Yangtze River, by the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains dialect from the upper tribes of the Zhou Dynasty and Baiyue dialect of the indigenous people in the south of the Yangtze River were generally parallel in Changzhou. With the continuous migration of northern residents to the south, the phenomenon of "double happiness at the door" in Taihu Lake area is becoming more and more common, that is, mixed impure Chinese with a hundred Vietnamese characteristics in pronunciation and word order. Chu's conquest of wuyue brought the ancient Chu language, which merged with the ancient Baiyue language to form Jiangdong dialect, the common ancestor of modern southern dialects. Since then, Chinese has entered the ancient Baiyue language area including Changzhou in the form of Chu language, forming the "ancient Wu language".
In history, there were frequent wars in the north, and the people of the Central Plains moved south to cross the river several times, and the Wu dialect area was gradually absorbed into a large number of Central Plains cultural factors. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, with the ancient Wu dialect in Ningzhen (Nanjing and Zhenjiang) being replaced by Zhongyuan dialect (later Jianghuai dialect was formed), the responsibility for the northern frontier of Wu dialect was assumed by Changzhou government. Therefore, it is probably that the dialect of Changzhou Prefecture has been eroded the most by Jianghuai dialect (Mandarin) in Wu dialect.
During the "Long Hair" Rebellion, Changzhou Prefecture and its surrounding areas lost a large number of people, and many Jiangbei immigrants poured in along the Yangtze River and the Jinli Mountain in Changzhou, forming some "dialect islands".
After liberation, the population movement became more active and frequent, Changzhou dialect was sharply impacted by Putonghua, and the local flavor gradually faded.
The uniqueness of Changzhou dialect
The same language phenomenon between Changzhou dialect and dialects in other areas of Wu dialect will not be described in detail, but the unique language characteristics of Changzhou dialect will be discussed mainly.
(A)' Lao' is a unique symbolic vocabulary in Changzhou dialect.
"Lao" is frequently used in Changzhou dialect, and it can appear many times in one sentence. Such as "Xielaoge Honglaomu Ou Happy Guy". "Lao" is usually used after nouns, verbs and adjectives to express different grammatical functions, some of which are equivalent to the structural auxiliary word "de", such as: Lao, Tie Lao, Active Lao, Red Lao, Sweet Lao, Little Lao (Zi) and so on. Some expressions emphasize the expectation color of identity, such as: good guy, happy guy, happy guy, sea guy (many) and so on. Some expressed doubts and expectations, such as: what is it, real guy or fake guy; "Lao" is also a morpheme that constitutes demonstrative pronouns: Lao (like this) and Lao (like that). More interestingly, it can be used after the same word to express different grammatical meanings: "Gege (that) is a sweet guy, and the cake is really sweet." "Lao" is also used with "lie down" to indicate the situation or the way of action, such as "apple red guy" and "the guy who can swim"
(2) "Ze", "Ge Lie", "Luo" and "Sha" are unique modal particles in Changzhou dialect.
"Ze" is used after verbs, which is equivalent to "le" in Mandarin, and some indicate that the action has been completed, such as "I am happy when I buy something" and "I have classes occasionally". Some indicate that the action will continue, such as "keep complaining about trouble, and then you will have a headache" and "don't move when two people are still sitting"; Some also have the function of expressing the future significance of the action, such as "wearing clothes, but not accepting." When "Ze" is used with a word indicating the future time, it indicates the past of the future time. Based on the present, it means the relative past of future time. For example, "I'll buy it for you when I get back."
"Luo" and "Luo" are usually used at the end of a sentence to indicate the completion of the action, which is equivalent to "le". And "Luo" can also be used with "Gelie" and "Laolie". Such as "He escaped from the grid/Guy". "Luo" is used after the verb, which is equivalent to the "Luo" indicating the result of the action, and "Ge Lie" is equivalent to the completed "Le".
After "silly" is used in adjectives, it has no specific meaning as a modal particle to modify adjectives. Such as "I am angry."
In addition to the above vocabulary, Changzhou dialect also has a temperature pronoun that is unique, that is "bottom", such as "thing", and that is "something".
Third, the trace of Changzhou dialect moving closer to Mandarin.
Over the past hundred years, Changzhou dialect has taken a big step closer to Putonghua on the basis of the continuous integration of surrounding dialects and foreign cultures. Many old Changzhou people exclaimed the difference between "new Changzhou dialect" and "old Changzhou dialect". So, in what ways is modern Changzhou dialect closer to Mandarin?
(A) the voiced and unvoiced phenomenon of initial consonants
Among the older generation of Changzhou people (over 60 years old), clear, sub-clear and full of turbidity are distinct and have a strong feeling. When vocalizing, the vocal cords vibrate more obviously. By the middle-aged (40-50 years old), the voiced sound has been cleared, and the so-called voiced emotional flow phenomenon has appeared. Especially among young people, the feeling of voiced sound is blurred.
(B) changes in vowels
In recent years, the glottal sound of Changzhou dialect is closed and relaxed, and the entering rhyme tends to be flat. In Changzhou, old people's throats are very clear when they receive the radio, but in young people's throats are loose. For example, the words "accept, say, drip, seven, chrysanthemum, urgency, vulgarity, enemy, seat and bureau" are not as urgent as the old Changzhou dialect.
(3) The change of syllables is mainly reflected in the gradual disappearance of sharp sounds.
The dialects in the old Changzhou dialect are very distinct, for example, Xiang is a sharp sound and Xiang is a group sound, which must not be confused. Now, except for the older generation of Changzhou people, the vast majority of young adults no longer distinguish between sharp sounds.
(d) The word order of word groups gradually approaches to Mandarin.
The dialect of the old Changzhou dialect is "bright moon", "turn" is "turn", "lively" is "noisy", "like" is "happy" and so on. Now the spoken language of young people in Changzhou is basically the same as Mandarin.
(5) The word order of sentences is gradually moving closer to Mandarin.
In the old Changzhou dialect, there is often a word order of "occasionally give him two apples", but now many young people in Changzhou tend to use the word order of "occasionally give him two apples" in Mandarin. For another example, it used to be said that "Shanghai is coming", but now it is gradually replaced by the word order of "Shanghai is coming".
(6) In some places, words with strong colors and expressive force gradually disappear.
For example, there are some dialects in the old Changzhou dialect, such as "green is green", "stumbling on the board (walking unsteadily)," scraping with a knife (doing things neatly), "finding three words (nothing to talk about)", "Mrs. Tang", "casual workers (hourly workers)," poison (hate) and "feet and arms"
(7) Reduction of affix "tou"
There are a large number of "tou" characters in ancient Changzhou dialect. Now, some words with "head" as the affix are gradually changing. For example, the "head" becomes a "child", "big man" becomes a "big fat man", "night head" becomes a "night" and so on.
(8) Some words in Changzhou dialect are close to Mandarin, but different from other Wu dialects.
In Changzhou dialect, there are some words with mandarin color that were used earlier, such as "pot", "footbath", "getting dressed", "things", "talking" and "kneeling", while in other parts of Wu dialect, they are generally called "wok", "foot bucket", "getting dressed", "things" and "gossiping". For another example, words such as "pulling ghosts (strange)" and "pretending to pull ghosts (pretending)" often appear in Changzhou dialect, which has a strong color of Jianghuai dialect.