In ancient China, the structure of tombs was generally nothing more than earth, stone, wood and brick. People use mud, stones, wood and bricks to build graves because they are relatively common. What materials people use to build graves is mainly limited by social development conditions, followed by the differences in tools, materials sources and people's concepts when building graves. With the development of society, the materials used to build tombs are gradually changing from simple to complex, from low to high, from natural to artificial, which reflects the development level of social productive forces. In the early historical development period of mankind, due to the limitation of the low level of productivity development, it is natural to use earth burial tombs with simple materials, convenient construction and time-saving and labor-saving features. Burial tombs are widely used and used for a long time because of their simplicity, extensive materials and convenient construction, which can save time and reduce the burden of financial, material and human resources. It remained in use until the Western Han Dynasty and existed in China for 89,000 years. Stone tombs originated earlier, but later than earth tombs. Stone tombs became popular as soon as they appeared, because stone is also a common material taken from nature, which is durable, strong and non-corrosive, and is a better natural building material. Therefore, many nationalities in the world regard it as a material for building graves. However, stones are not found everywhere, and there are problems in transportation, processing and stacking when they are used. They can't be used directly like soil, and it takes a certain amount of manpower and a certain price to use them. In this way, it is difficult for ordinary people to use it unless it is in a stone-producing area. Therefore, although stone tombs are popular in many places, it does not mean that they are very popular. Stone tombs were built in the Western Han Dynasty in an unusually standardized and magnificent way. From the mid-Western Han Dynasty, stone tombs began to develop from manual construction to manual excavation in the mountains. However, due to the limitation of objective natural conditions, people still go up the mountain to quarry and build independent stone tombs, among which the stone tomb with portrait is the most distinctive. Although stone tombs have many advantages, it takes a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time to dig, transport, process and pile up stone walls, so it is not easy to build and affordable for civilians. So it became less and less after the Eastern Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, it was only popular in rocky areas such as Yunnan and Guizhou, and rarely appeared in other parts of the country. However, because the stone tomb is really durable, magnificent in structure and solemn in image, it is very suitable for emperors who pursue "immortality" and show their authoritative wealth in an attempt to build tombs in a prestigious world. Therefore, emperors and bureaucratic landlords after the Tang Dynasty still like to build tombs with stones. Even if they don't use stones to build tombs, they should use stones to build cemeteries in their own cemeteries. Wooden tombs originated in the pre-Qin period and were popular in the southern Chu area, but typical and perfect wooden tombs were mainly found in the Han Dynasty. The popular tomb in the Han Dynasty, known as the "imperial terrace", is a very typical wooden tomb. The funeral system of "Huang Chang Ticuo" originated in Zhou Dynasty and reached its peak in Han Dynasty. It is a special burial system specially designed for the upper rulers after their death. The so-called "yellow sausage" refers to the materials used in tombs and their colors (that is, cypress hearts); The so-called "mystery" refers to the form and structure of the tomb (wood inward). According to historical records, this burial system was originally called "ladder fault", and the name "imperial ladder fault" did not appear until the middle of Han Dynasty. Generally, the burial scale of "Huang Chang Ming" is relatively large. The Ming wood and the lattice wall are built around the vertical direction of the lattice room, and the wood is inward, which consumes a lot of wood. Therefore, this burial system can only become the patent of the upper rulers. Because wood is easy to rot and burn, it is expensive, not only has it not been widely used, but also has quickly withdrawn from the historical stage. It was only in the Eastern Han Dynasty that, as a symbol, a "yellow-bowel stone tomb" with stones instead of wood appeared. This kind of "Yellow Intestine Stone Tomb" can be regarded as the evolution of wooden tombs, and it can also be regarded as a form of stone tombs. Brick tombs appeared in the Warring States Period, hundreds of years later than the history of burning bricks in China. During the Western Han Dynasty, brick tombs developed continuously in the Central Plains, gradually replacing earth tombs and becoming the most diverse and complicated tombs. Brick tombs were quite common in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the construction of some large tombs was complicated. During this period, tomb bricks specially used for building tombs were also produced. These bricks often have characters, including the year and time of the emperor who made the bricks or tombs, the surname and official position of the brick maker, etc. It shows that this is a period of great development of brick tombs. Brick tombs in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties gradually developed into wood-like buildings. Brick mural tombs with imitation wood structure appeared in Song Dynasty. Brick tombs in Liao Dynasty were generally hexagonal or octagonal in plane. No matter what kind of material is used to build a mausoleum, it requires high construction technology and follows certain specifications. In the process of building a mausoleum, people must consider the following two factors: first, they must conform to people's concept and requirements of "death is like life", try to imitate the structure and layout of the living room of the deceased, and provide necessary places and supplies for the tomb owner in a limited space; Second, it must have certain abilities of moisture-proof, compression-proof, anti-corrosion, moth-proof, insect-proof, animal-bite-proof, surface plant root system penetration and grave robbers' excavation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a series of technical treatments on tombs and their materials. Our ancestors made many successful creations in this respect: for example, during the Warring States period, charcoal and green paste were often filled around the tombs of Chu tombs to achieve the purpose of sealing and anti-corrosion; In some tombs, a layer of heavy slate is added to the green paste and mud, which increases the anti-theft function. Pressure is an important factor to be considered in underground burial chamber. In order to improve the bearing capacity of the tomb, the top of the ancient brick tomb in China was often built with a certificate roof, vault or vault. However, during the Six Dynasties, the tomb walls often arched outward, and the plane was almost oval. Waterproofing is another important issue to be considered in the demarcation of tombs, especially those built in the south. To this end, some tombs have dug drainage ditches around them, and cobblestones are laid in the ditches to facilitate water seepage and drainage. The drainage system of some tombs is quite scientific and complete. Not only is there a drainage ditch between the four walls and the bottom of the tomb, but there is also a drainage ditch under the tomb, which is connected with the tomb groove, which is very beneficial to drain the water from the tomb. Because the south is rainy and the soil is wet, the construction of drainage ditch has become a major feature of the ancient southern tomb structure.