(1) The foods that should not be eaten are:
I. Foods that can easily raise blood sugar rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, cookies, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar.
Ii. Foods that are easy to raise blood lipids: butter, sheep oil, lard, butter, cream and fat. For foods rich in cholesterol, special attention should be paid to using them less or not to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Iii. it is not advisable to drink alcohol. Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients, it only provides heat energy, and each gram of alcohol produces about 7 kilocalories (294 joules), which is harmful to the liver and easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking. Note that insulin patients who drink alcohol on an empty stomach are prone to hypoglycemia. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol.
2 Suitable foods: mainly foods that can delay the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid.
Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: These foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins. There are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, which can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and the sitosterol contained in them also has lipid-lowering effect.
Ⅱ. Coarse miscellaneous sugar: such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, hot cereal, corn flour, etc. contain various trace elements, vitamin B and dietary fiber. Experiments show that they can delay the rise of blood sugar. Corn flour, soybean flour and white flour can be made into steamed bread, pancakes and noodles in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. If you stop using it for a long time, it will not only help reduce blood sugar and fat, but also reduce hunger.
(6) People with diabetes should eat less or not eat fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch. Rapid digestion and absorption after eating will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients generally should not eat more fruits. But because fruit contains more pectin, pectin can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when your condition is stable.
Choose the principle of low sugar when eating fruit. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its heat energy. Convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total calories unchanged. It is not advisable to eat fruit at every meal. It is generally believed that it is more appropriate to take a small amount between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a nutrient composition table, which should be selected according to the condition.
(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the cholesterol content in their diet. When the condition of diabetic patients is not well controlled, it is easy to increase serum cholesterol, which will lead to diabetic vascular complications and disease-free coronary heart disease. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the intake of cholesterol in the diet of diabetic patients, and it is generally advocated that the limit of cholesterol is below 300 mg per day. Therefore, fat meat and animal viscera, such as heart, liver, kidney and brain, should not be used or used sparingly in clinic, because these foods are rich in cholesterol. And eat more lean meat, fish and shrimp, which are high-protein and low-fat foods.
Strict diet control is the prerequisite and the most important part of treating diabetes. Doctors found in clinical practice that patients often can't play their due role because of poor diet control. The principles of diet control are as follows:
1. Break the misconception that eating more hypoglycemic drugs will lead to more meals.
2. Eat less and eat more. It not only ensures the supply of calories and nutrients, but also avoids the peak of postprandial blood sugar.
3. Carbohydrate foods should be eaten according to regulations, neither less nor more, and should be balanced (carbohydrates refer to sugar in food, vegetables, milk, fruits, bean products and hard fruits).
There is no difference between eating dessert and salty dessert, both of which will lead to higher blood sugar.
The amount of "diabetic food" should be equal to that of ordinary food. "Diabetic food" refers to foods with high dietary fiber, such as buckwheat and oats. Although these foods take a long time to digest and absorb, they will eventually become glucose.
6. The so-called "sugar-free food" is essentially a food without sucrose. Some foods use sweeteners instead of sucrose, but you still can't eat them casually.
7. Vegetables with starch as the main component should be included in the staple food. These vegetables include potato, sweet potato, lotus root, yam, water chestnut, taro, lily, water chestnut, arrowhead and so on.
8. Beans other than soybeans, such as red beans, mung beans, broad beans, kidney beans and peas, are mainly composed of starch, so they should also be counted as staple foods.
9. Eat non-staple food in moderation.
10. Hard fruits such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds and pine nuts cannot be used to satisfy hunger.
1 1. Eat more foods containing dietary fiber.
12. Eat less salt.
13. Eat less foods containing cholesterol.
14. About eating fruit. Patients with better blood sugar control can eat fruits with lower sugar content, such as apples, pears, oranges, oranges and strawberries, but the amount should not be too much. The time to eat fruit should be when blood sugar is low between meals. If you eat fruit in the future, it is equivalent to adding meals, and your blood sugar will rise immediately. In addition, after eating watermelon, sugar is absorbed quickly, so try not to eat it. Banana has a high starch content and should be counted as a staple food.
15. Sweeteners will not be converted into glucose and will not affect the change of blood sugar, so they cannot be used as self-help food for hypoglycemia.
16. Diabetic patients should not limit drinking water.