Chinese name: Pinellia ternata
Latin scientific name: Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata
Scientific name: Pinellia ternata
This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database. Its toxicity is the whole plant, and its tuber is highly toxic. Raw food of 0.1-1.8g is enough. It has a strong stimulating effect on oral cavity, throat and digestive tract mucosa. A small amount can numb the mouth and tongue, while a large amount can cause burning pain and swelling, inability to speak, salivation, vomiting, general numbness, slow and uneven breathing, spasm, dyspnea, and finally paralysis and death. Some people lose their voice permanently because they eat too much raw Pinellia ternata. The LD50 of Pinellia ternata extract injected intraperitoneally in mice is equivalent to tuber 13. 142 g/kg, and the cause of death from chronic poisoning may be related to the stimulation of intestinal diarrhea. After injecting 20g/kg ethanol extract from tuber, most of them died of ataxia.
Content introduction:
Pinellia ternata (Ben Jing)
Different names: Wendi, Shuiyu (Classic), Shoutian, Shigu (Bielu), Yang Yan Pinellia ternata (Tang Materia Medica), Hegu (Materia Medica), Scorpion Grass (Textual Research on Plant Names), Judy Pinellia ternata (Investigation Report on Medicinal Plants in Kunming), Taro Fruit (Guizhou), Lao Luotou (Jiangsu Botanical Herbology), Pig Dung Bean (Pig Dung Bean).
The source is the tuber of Pinellia ternata of Araceae.
Plant morphology Pinellia ternata, also known as Pinellia ternata.
Perennial grass, 15 ~ 30 cm tall.
Tubers are subglobose.
The leaves come from the top of the tuber, the petiole is 6 ~ 23 cm long, and a white pearl bud is born inside the lower part of the petiole; Annual leaves are simple, egg-shaped and heart-shaped; After 2 ~ 3 years, the leaves are 3-lobulated compound leaves, the lobules are elliptic to lanceolate, the middle lobule is larger, 5 ~ 8 cm long and 3 ~ 4 cm wide, the two sides are smaller, the apex is pointed, the base is wedge-shaped, and the whole edge is smooth and hairless.
Spikes are terminal, and peduncles are often longer than petioles; The spathe is green, 6 ~ 7 cm long; Flowers unisexual, without perianth, monoecious; The male flowers are inserted in the upper part of the inflorescence, white, with dense stamens and cylindrical shape, and the female flowers are inserted in the lower part of the male flowers, green, with a spacing of 5 ~ 8 mm; The appendage at the top of the inflorescence extends in a rat's tail shape, usually 7 ~ 10 cm long, and stands upright outside the Buddha bud.
Berries are oval, green and 4 ~ 5 mm long.
The flowering period is from May to July.
The fruiting period is August-September.
Wild in wet grasslands or forests on hillsides and streams.
It is distributed in most areas of China.
July-September harvest, digging, soil washing, peeling, sun drying or sun drying.
The dried tuber of medicinal materials is spherical, hemispherical or oblique, with a diameter of 0.8 ~ 2 cm.
The surface is white or light yellow, and the unclean skin is yellow spots.
The upper end is round and flat, with concave yellow-brown stem marks in the center, brown pockmarked fibrous root marks around it, and the lower part is blunt and smooth.
Solid and dense.
The longitudinal section is kidney-shaped, white and full of powder; Old quality or unsuitable drying process are gray-white or yellow lines.
Powder sniffing nose, spicy taste, sticky chewing, numbness of tongue, sore throat.
It is best to be big, clean-skinned, white in color, solid in texture and full of powder.
Small, unclean, yellow and white, followed by small powder.
Produced in most parts of the country; Location: Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang and other places; Sichuan has a large output and good quality.
In addition to the above varieties, there is also the tuber of Pinellia palmatum, which is also used as Pinellia in Jiangsu, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi.
The main differences from Pinellia ternata are as follows: Pinellia ternata has a large tuber, generally 3 ~ 4 cm in diameter; The leaves are palm-shaped with 9 ~ 1 1 lobule.
See Pinellia palmatum.
Chemical composition Tuber contains volatile oil, a small amount of fat (about 34% of fatty acids are solid acids and 66% are liquid acids), starch, nicotine, mucus, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, β-aminobutyric acid and other amino acids, β-sitosterol, choline, β-sitosterol -β-D- glucoside and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
The bud contains uric acid and its glycoside.
Processing of raw Pinellia ternata: removing impurities and sieving ash.
Pinellia ternata: clean Pinellia ternata, soak it in cold water to avoid sun exposure, and adjust the soaking days according to its origin quality and particle size.
After soaking 10 day, if bubbles appear, add 2 kg of alum to every kg of Pinellia ternata 100 day, and then change the water after soaking/kloc-0 day until it tastes slightly spicy, and take it out and dry it slightly.
Grinding Radix Glycyrrhizae into coarse slices, decocting with water, soaking lime slices in Radix Glycyrrhizae soup, adding water, mixing well, removing lime residue, pouring into Rhizoma Pinelliae for soaking, and stirring every day until the color is uniform until it is yellow and saturated, and there is no white heart inside.
Dry in the shade after taking out.