1。
A comfortable photo should have proper exposure. This is the basic test and requirement for beginners.
This can be adjusted and practiced with the help of the exposure indicator in the SLR viewfinder. It is not recommended to use automatic blind shot. 2。
Shutter speed refers to the time that the shutter remains open when the camera is shooting. If the shutter speed is halved, that is, the exposure time is increased by one level, then the exposure will increase by 1EV.
Besides changing exposure, shutter speed can also change the shape of moving objects. High-speed shutter can be used to freeze fast moving objects, such as shooting sports.
Slow shutter will make the moving subject take a fuzzy smear effect, which is often used to produce artistic effects. High speed shutter means short exposure time, while slow shutter means long exposure time.
3。 At present, digital cameras mark the shutter speed as 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/ 5, 1/30 and/kloc.
However, some cameras can recognize it by shorthand. For example, the parameter display of the mid-range SLR shoulder screen will mark 1/30 seconds as "30". In order to distinguish a second from a fraction of a second, 30 seconds is usually marked as 30 ".
4。 Aperture is a light quantity control device, which is used to control the light to irradiate the image sensor/film through the lens. Under the condition of constant shutter speed, the smaller the f value, the larger the aperture, the more light entering and the brighter the picture. The larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture, the less light entering and the darker the picture.
The complete aperture value is as follows: F 1. 0，F 1 .
4，F2 .0，F2 .
8，F4 .0，F5 .
6, F8 .0, f 1 1, f 16, f22, f32, f45, f64, etc.
In addition, the aperture is also the most important factor to determine the depth of field (depth of field refers to the clear range of the subject in the picture). The larger the aperture (the smaller the aperture value), the smaller the depth of field, the smaller the aperture (the larger the aperture value) and the greater the depth of field. 5。
In some places, it should be noted that in zoom lenses, the maximum aperture is not constant for all lenses. Many zoom lenses, especially camera lenses, are F3.
5-5。 6. This parameter can be seen from the lens.
This means that the maximum aperture of the lens at the wide-angle end is F3. 5. The telephoto end is F5.
6, so pay attention to the influence of aperture change caused by zoom when shooting. 6。
Sensitivity refers to the index of digital camera's sensitivity to light, abbreviated as ISO. The higher the ISO value, the more sensitive the camera is to light and the brighter the picture will be.
However, with the improvement of ISO, the image quality will decrease accordingly. But as far as the current SLR cameras are concerned, cameras below ISO 1600 are fine and can be used with peace of mind, while some better SLR cameras can use higher ISO. 7。
18- 135mm refers to the focal length of this lens, that is, the shooting angle. 1:3。
5-5。 6 refers to the maximum aperture size of this lens, is is the Canon anti-shake structure code (Nikon is VR, Panasonic is POWER.
O. me
S. wait. ), STM is Canon's latest focus driver, and each lens will be marked back with the nearest focal length, such as 0 in the picture below.
39 m/1 .3 ft.
In addition, generally speaking, all lenses will have corresponding operation designs, such as switching lever, focus ring and zoom ring. Please read the instructions.
SLR camera photography skills? What do novices need to know?
(1) White Balance Due to the different spectral characteristics under different lighting conditions, the photos taken are often biased, such as blue under fluorescent light and yellow under incandescent light.
In order to eliminate or reduce this color shift, digital cameras and video cameras can adjust the color settings according to different lighting conditions, so that the color of photos is as undistorted as possible and the color can be restored to normal. Because this adjustment is often based on white, it is called white balance.
(2) AE (automatic exposure) Automatic exposure means that the camera automatically determines the exposure according to the light conditions. From the basic principle of photometry, it can be divided into incident type and reflection type.
The incident CX2 formula is to determine the exposure combination by measuring the brightness of the light shining on the camera. This is a simple and rude control, mostly used for low-end cameras. Reflection method is an ideal method to determine the exposure combination by measuring the actual brightness of the subject, that is, the brightness of the image.
(3)AF (automatic focusing) There are several ways of automatic focusing, which can be divided into active and passive according to the control principle. Active autofocus is to use the camera to emit a beam of light (usually infrared), determine the distance of the object according to the reflected light signal, and then automatically adjust the lens to realize autofocus.
This is the earliest autofocus method, which is simple to realize, fast in response and low in cost. It is mostly used for mid-range fool cameras. The accuracy of this method is limited, and it is easy to lose focus. For example, when there are reflective objects such as glass in front of the subject, the camera can't distinguish them correctly.
Passive focusing is a bit bionic, that is, it is accurate to analyze whether the object is in focus, but it is difficult to focus accurately in low illumination because of its complex technology and high cost, and it is mostly used in high-end professional cameras. Some highly intelligent cameras can also lock moving objects and even control the focus with their eyes.
(4) The lens of a focal length camera is a group of lenses. When parallel light passes through a lens, it will converge to a point, which is called the focus. The distance from the focal point to the center of the lens is called the focal length. A lens with a fixed focal length is called a fixed focus lens; A lens with adjustable focal length is called a zoom lens.
In the field of photography, the focal length mainly reflects the lens angle. For the traditional 135 camera, a lens with a viewing angle of about 50mm is close to the human eye and does not deform when shooting, which is called a standard lens, and generally covers the range of 40-70 mm.18-40-70mm is called a wide-angle or short-focus lens, and 70- 135mm is called a medium-focus lens.135 mm is called a medium-focus lens.
The CCD of a digital camera is generally much smaller than that of 135 film, so the focal length of its lens is much shorter at the same viewing angle. For example, for a digital camera using a 0.33”CCD, when a lens of about 13mm is used, its viewing angle is roughly equivalent to the standard lens of a 50 mm 135 camera ... Because the specifications and models of CCD used by digital camera manufacturers are different, everyone adopts the term equivalent to the focal length of a 35mm camera (that is, 135 camera).
Optical zoom lens helps you to change the focal length conveniently, enlarge and highlight the required image details, and omit unnecessary background, which of course increases the cost of the camera. At present, most high-end digital cameras use 2-3 times optical zoom lenses, and some lenses also use aspherical lenses, which effectively reduce aberration and dispersion.
Triple zoom lens is enough for most people, but if you want to have more flexibility or get some special effects when using the lens, you should choose a camera with lens accessories, such as Nikon's digital camera, which provides extended range, wide angle and fisheye lens. If the zoom lens is important to you, make sure that the digital camera you buy is optical zoom instead of digital zoom.
Optical zoom is a real zoom lens. Digital zoom only refers to the image processing process inside the camera.
At that time, when digital zoom was used, the camera would enlarge the middle part of the picture and cut off the four peripheral edges. The result is the same as opening an image in image processing software, cutting off the periphery of the photo, and then enlarging the rest.
Enlarging the zoom area will reduce the resolution and quality of the image. (5) hyperfocal distance Because the depth of field behind the lens is relatively large, people call the distance that can be clearly imaged after the lens is focused as hyperfocal distance.
Fool cameras generally use hyperfocal distance, which makes use of the feature that the scene can be clearly imaged at a certain distance with a short-focus lens, omitting the focusing function. Therefore, generally, low-grade fool cameras can't focus automatically, so they can only use hyperfocal distance. As mentioned earlier, "clarity" is not an absolute concept, and the scenery in hyperfocal distance is not really clearly imaged. Because there is no focus, it must be blurred, but the degree of blur is generally acceptable. That's why the negative film taken by a fool's camera can't be enlarged too much.
(6) Depth of field When shooting, the process of adjusting the camera lens to make the scene at a certain distance from the camera clearly image is called focus, and the point where the scene is located is called focus. Because "clarity" is not an absolute concept, the scene before (near the camera) and after focusing can be clearly imaged. The sum of the front and back ranges is called depth of field, which means as long as it is within this range. The depth of field is first related to the focal length of the lens. The lens with long focal length has small depth of field, while the lens with short focal length has large depth of field.
Secondly, the depth of field is related to the aperture. The smaller the aperture (the larger the numerical value, for example, the aperture of f 16 is smaller than f 1 1), the greater the depth of field. The larger the aperture (the smaller the value, for example, the aperture of f2.8 is larger than that of f5.6), the smaller the depth of field. Secondly, the depth of field in the foreground is smaller than that in the back, that is to say, after precise focusing, the scene in front of the focus can be clearly imaged, while the scene in the back of the focus is clear.
What are the skills of SLR photography?
Shutter: Compared with ordinary digital cameras, the most direct change for beginners is to constantly adjust the shutter, adjust the amount of light entering the photo through the shutter, and then make a reasonable choice according to the shooting environment and experience. When getting started, you can choose automatic mode or P mode, first take photos, then check the photo parameters, and then change the shutter through M mode or AVTV. Generally, photos are dark to reduce their value, while photos are bright to increase their value.
ISO: When shooting under special light, it is not enough to simply control the shutter. Setting ISO reasonably will give people more choices. Generally speaking, the lower the ISO value, the better the photo quality and the less noise, while the higher the ISO value, it is generally used in poor light conditions, or in order to ensure the clarity of the subject when shooting moving objects, so you must learn the constant changes of ISO when getting started. Aperture: through the reasonable choice of aperture, a photo can be realistic and layered. When shooting portraits or still life, people or things need to be highlighted, and the background needs to be blurred with a large aperture. General scenery needs to accommodate more information, and multi-level scenes such as front, middle and back need to be recorded in photos with small apertures. The intuitive number of aperture is f value. The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture and the higher the external blur of the subject. The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, and the better the layering in the landscape.
Shooting skills of camera
How to shake shake is a skill to shoot moving objects.
Its characteristic is to focus on the static part of photography and follow the subject by shaking the lens to show its sense of speed. Using this shooting method, you need to set the camera to the shutter priority mode, and then use a slower shutter speed, generally 1/30s or 1/60s.
The camera should follow the subject closely and move with it to achieve the effect of clear subject and blurred background. Of course, there is a greater chance to take clearer photos by adopting continuous shooting's model.
002. How to place a tripod on a slope If you use a tripod to assist shooting on a slope, there is a way to keep the camera away from sudden danger. If we shoot on a rock or a slope on a mountain, let one leg of the tripod point to ourselves, so that the three legs of the tripod can stably support the camera and prevent it from falling.
003. How to avoid underexposure? Photographers often underexposure when taking pictures, fearing that they will be too bright when shooting with a flash and sacrifice the natural light of the scene environment. In this case, the best way is to use the exposure compensation function of the camera.
As long as the exposure compensation function is pushed up one or two levels, the general darkening situation will be improved. 004. How to focus before composing? First, aim the focal point in the center of the picture at the face of the person to be photographed, press the shutter button halfway to complete the focusing and photometry procedures, press and hold the shutter button, and move the camera horizontally to compose again.
005. What's the use of aperture priority? Digital SLR cameras often have lenses with large aperture numbers. In automatic mode, camera programs also tend to use a larger aperture to shorten the shutter time and reduce the bad shooting effect caused by vibration. However, the camera lens is usually reduced by about two levels from the maximum aperture to get the best image, so if you want to get a high-quality image, you can use the aperture priority automatic exposure to reduce the aperture from the maximum to a smaller one.
In addition, a large aperture can achieve a small depth of field, which is conducive to highlighting the main body. 006. How to avoid glare shooting directly at the sun will produce glare in the lens, which will seriously unbalance the contrast of the picture, and at the same time, it will produce incident light reflected on the CCD by the lens surface to form a spot line.
A high-quality hood helps to limit glare, and using the smallest aperture can reduce these spots. 007. How to make the light produce the star effect If you want the light to produce the star effect, then the photographer needs to use a small aperture for exposure. The smaller the aperture, the more obvious the effect.
What are the shooting skills of digital cameras?
Usage of spot metering Spot metering is a metering method only applicable to manual gears starting from P gear, but not to automatic gears starting from AUTO.
First turn to these files, press the function key in the middle of the camera, and the adjustment menu will appear. Then use the up and down keys to adjust to the metering place, then use the left and right keys to adjust to the metering mode with only one point in the middle, and press the function key (func) to confirm. Then press the shutter button half-way, aim at the part of the green frame that needs metering, and keep the shutter half-pressed. Then press the button in the upper left corner to lock the exposure, and then release the shutter to re-compose. Finally, press the shutter. Aperture Priority and Shutter Priority Aperture Priority and Shutter Priority files, what are they used for? The larger the aperture, the more light passes through per unit time, and vice versa.
Aperture is generally expressed as the letter "F+ value", such as F5. 6, F4 and so on.
It should be noted that the smaller the numerical value, the larger the aperture, for example, F4 is greater than F5. The aperture of 6 is large, and the difference between two adjacent aperture values is twice, that is, F4 is greater than F5.
The light that passes through is twice as big. Relatively speaking, the definition of shutter is very simple, that is, the time allowed for light to pass through the aperture is expressed by numerical values, such as 1/30 seconds, 1/60 seconds and so on. Similarly, the difference between two adjacent shutters is twice.
The combination of aperture and shutter forms exposure, which is not unique under certain exposure conditions. For example, the current normal exposure combination is F5.
6, 1/30 seconds, if the aperture is increased by one step, that is F4, then the shutter value at this time becomes 1/60, and this combination can also achieve normal exposure. Although different combinations can achieve the same exposure, the pictures taken have different effects.
The concept of depth of field The so-called depth of field means that when the lens focuses on the subject, the subject and the scenery before and after it have a clear range. 1, aperture priority is mostly used for portraits and landscapes. Aperture priority is to manually define the aperture size, and the camera will decide the shutter speed according to this aperture value.
Because the aperture directly affects the depth of field, this mode is most widely used in ordinary shooting. When shooting portraits, we usually use a large aperture and a long focal length to blur the background and get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject.
At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When taking photos such as scenery, we often use a smaller aperture, so that the range of depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear, which is also applicable when shooting at night.
2. Shutters are mostly used to shoot moving objects, such as moving vehicles, waterfalls, flying objects, fireworks, water droplets, etc. Contrary to aperture priority, it obtains aperture value through camera metering under the condition of manually defining shutter.
Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting. Many friends find that when shooting moving objects, the subject is often blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough.
In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot. And the motion of the object is generally regular, then the shutter value can also be roughly estimated. For example, the shutter speed for photographing pedestrians is only1125 seconds, while it takes11000 seconds for photographing falling water droplets.
Seek the skills of taking pictures with digital camera.
1. Top Ten Digital Shooting Skills for Beginners [Transfer to IT 168 Video Class] Good photos are very important both technically and aesthetically.
Although the aesthetic point of view is a matter of personal taste, many good photos are destroyed because of poor technology. Let's give you some photography skills: 1, try to be close to most amateur photographers, and the lens is too far away from the subject to shoot.
Remember to check your viewfinder or LCD! This is especially important when you take pictures of people. 2. Add people to your photography. Adding people to photos will add atmosphere and background.
This will make the theme more prominent, and sometimes make larger or smaller objects have a sense of hierarchy. 3. Capture action You can keep the characters moving and try to "capture the moment".
4. Simplify the composition Simple composition will make the photos easier to understand. The messy background will distract the viewer and divert his attention to other places, thus ignoring the subject of shooting.
5. When shooting, please try to put the subject outside the photo center. Professional photographers will use the "three-point method" to put one-third of the subject to be photographed outside the lens.
The reason for this rule is ominous, but the shooting effect is very good. 6. Changing the angle is mainly to increase humor and dramatic effect.
Almost all photos are taken by eye standards, but there are many other possibilities. 7. Decorating the foreground in the picture can emphasize the depth of shooting and increase the interest and background of the picture.
In addition, you can also emphasize the theme of photography. Pay attention to the intensity of light. You must know the position of the sun.
Direct sunlight will produce too much contrast, but if there is too little light, the image effect will be unsatisfactory. Moderate light can best take ideal photos.
9. The flash is used to enhance your light, even if you are taking pictures indoors or the weather is bad outside. However, it should be noted that the effective range is very limited.
If you add natural light indoors, the photos will look more natural. 10, when the camera is fixed, the camera movement will lead to unsatisfactory shooting effect, which will be misunderstood as a focus adjustment problem.
So please hold the camera steady when shooting-that is, you should be as close to the subject as possible. Flash can help you minimize the jitter problem.
Photography skills?
Photography Skills 2007-03- 19 10:54 Several skills: 1, composition, that is, scene selection.
Pay attention to the problem of the center of gravity and the prominence of the protagonist. 2, the problem of light: light should be suitable for the face of the object, sometimes deliberately choose backlight to highlight the relationship between light and shadow.
3, shooting skills, because the choice of composition and light depends entirely on the photographer. In addition, when to use soft lens, when to use shading lens, and when to choose how many apertures.
4, good photography technology, plus a good photographer, but also solve the camera problem. Buy according to your actual situation, and don't waste some camera functions.
Then, in order to get the right exposure, we need the right combination of shutter and aperture. When the shutter is fast, the aperture will be larger; The aperture is smaller when the shutter is slow.
Shutter priority refers to the exposure value calculated by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically determines how much aperture to use according to the shutter speed you choose. Aperture priority refers to the exposure value calculated by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically decides how many shutters to use according to the aperture size you choose.
Manual mode means that you specify the aperture size and shutter speed yourself. The larger the aperture, the more light passes through per unit time, and vice versa.
Aperture is generally expressed as the letter "F+ value", such as F5.6, F4, etc. It should be noted that the smaller the value, the larger the aperture. For example, F4 is larger than the aperture of F5.6, and the difference between two adjacent apertures is twice, which means F4 is twice as big as that passing through F5.6. ..
Relatively speaking, the definition of shutter is very simple, that is, the time allowed for light to pass through the aperture is expressed by numerical values, such as 1/30 seconds, 1/60 seconds and so on. Similarly, the difference between two adjacent shutters is twice. The combination of aperture and shutter forms exposure, which is not unique under certain exposure conditions.
For example, the current normal exposure combination is F5.6 and 1/30 seconds. If the aperture is increased by one step, that is F4, the shutter value at this time will become 1/60, and this combination can also achieve normal exposure. Although different combinations can achieve the same exposure, the pictures taken have different effects. The concept of "depth of field" is involved here. The so-called depth of field means that when the lens focuses on the subject, the subject and its scenery before and after have a clear range, which is called depth of field.
After understanding the basic concepts of aperture, shutter and depth of field, it is not difficult to use aperture limit or shutter first. Aperture priority is to manually define the size of the aperture, and then use the camera's metering to obtain the corresponding shutter value.
Because the aperture directly affects the depth of field, this mode is most widely used in ordinary shooting. When shooting portraits, we usually use large aperture and long focal length to blur the background and get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject.
At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When taking photos such as scenery, we often use a smaller aperture value, so that the range of depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear, which is also applicable when shooting night scenes.
Contrary to aperture priority, shutter priority is to obtain aperture value through camera metering when the shutter is defined manually. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting.
Many friends find that when shooting moving objects, the subject is often blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot.
And the motion of the object is generally regular, then the shutter value can also be roughly estimated. For example, the shutter speed for photographing pedestrians is only1125 seconds, while it takes11000 seconds for photographing falling water droplets. In the case of aperture priority, we can easily control the depth of field by changing the aperture size, while in the case of shutter priority, using different apertures can achieve good shooting results for moving objects.
Both should be used flexibly to meet our shooting needs in different situations. Practical DC flash operation skills should be revealed. Macro shooting should be dimmed. Nowadays, digital cameras generally have built-in flash. When using the built-in flash, pay attention to the distance between the camera and the subject. Too close will lead to overexposure, too far will make the light distribution uneven, leading to underexposure.
Users had better consult the user manual of digital camera to know the use range of built-in flash, which can generally achieve good results. Using digital camera for macro shooting, because it is very close to the subject, using the built-in flash will only lead to overexposure, so it is necessary to reduce the light.
Dimming is to reduce the output intensity of the flash. You can adjust it in a digital camera, but it's not enough. The light is still strong. You can cover the flash with your hands and pay attention to your fingers, which can reduce the light intensity to some extent.
In practical use, it is found that simply using soft paper such as napkins can also have a good effect and make the light soft. Change the angle of the flash Many people habitually make the flash parallel to the subject when shooting with the flash to make the light uniform.
However, when shooting reflective objects, such as glass and various computer cards, it will produce bright spots on the objects and destroy the harmony of the picture. At this time, it is necessary to appropriately change the shooting angle of the digital camera and shoot from the side to avoid bright spots.
When the contrast between the subject and the background is large, fill the light appropriately. Don't think that you only need to use a flash when the light is dim. Sometimes, in the case of sufficient light, you must use a flash to fill the light. When shooting against the light, there is a great contrast between the subject and the background.
If the subject is exposed, the background will inevitably be overexposed, the background will return to normal, and the subject will be underexposed, which is necessary at this time.