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An ornament for women during the Dragon Boat Festival in the old Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Generally made of gold and silver wire or copper wire and gold foil, it is shaped like a villain riding a tiger, and there are also bells, bells, tassels, garlic and zongzi. Inserted in women's hair bun, also used for feeding. "Qing Jia Lu" says: "(May 5) people in the city use gold and silver silk as numerous tassels, bells and bells, riding on tigers, which are extremely fine, adorned with small hairpin, strung together, or using copper wire and gold foil for women to insert their temples. They also offered sacrifices to each other, called Jianren. " When healthy people say that they agree with Ai people, they just exchange silks for Ai people. Wu Manyun's Preface to Jiang Xiang Festival Words says: "Hang the custom, healthy people are loving people, but easy to use silks to make them look like tigers, and women wear them." It seems that this will have the effect of exorcising evil spirits and controlling epidemics; When it comes to walking in ancient times, it is purely a women's ornament (note to Cai Yun's Wu Xian). Children will also draw a "king" damselfly on their heads with realgar wine, which was the headdress of five women in the old days. More common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing originated from the ancient walking, and it is a different form of Ai people. "Qing Jia Lu" quoted "The Legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties" as saying: "Who is in the north and south of the river, the system of winning the first prize on the fifth day is extremely ingenious. All the mugwort leaves are made by pressing and selling, or the shapes of immortals, buddhas, harmony, wu, insects, fish, beasts, flowers of eight treasures and the like are embroidered. Crepe spider, beautiful phoenix forest, cocoon tiger velvet tuo, lawn lizard, mantis, cicada and scorpion, gourd and melon, the color is realistic. It is covered with a treasure, and the hydrangeas are numerous, and the bells are hundreds of shapes, or they are strung together. The name is Douniang, which is invincible. " Ai Hu, an exorcist in the old Dragon Boat Festival, was also used as an ornament. In ancient China, the tiger was regarded as a god beast, and it was thought that it could suppress evil spirits and protect peace. "Custom Pass" says: "The tiger is the penis, and the beasts are also long. Can eat ghosts, ... also evil ". Therefore, people often use tigers to ward off evil spirits, especially in Ai Hu during the Dragon Boat Festival. Ai Hu is either cut with mugwort, or cut the ribbon as a tiger, glued with mugwort leaves, and worn around her hair. The Dragon Boat Festival has been decorated with Ai Hu's customs for more than a thousand years. Song Chen Yuan-gui quoted Miscellaneous Notes on the Year of the Year from Guang Ji of the Year of the Song Dynasty: "The Dragon Boat Festival takes Ai as a tiger, even as big as a black bean, or cuts the ribbon as a tiger, and sticks the leaves of Ai to wear it. Wang Yigong's "Dragon Boat Festival Post" poem: "Ai Hu, the head of the hairpin, drives the evil spirits and knows how to drive the seven treasures of Xiangyun." In the Qing Dynasty, Fucha Dunchong's "Notes on the Years of Yanjing": "Every time you reach the end of the sun, those who are clever in the boudoir make tigers and zongzi out of silk ... wear them with colored threads, hang them on the head of a hairpin, or tie them on the back of a child. The ancient poem says,' Jade swallows a hairpin and loves a tiger lightly', which means this." 　

Painting forehead, the custom of applying realgar to children's forehead during the Dragon Boat Festival, clouds can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on children's foreheads with realgar. One is to borrow realgar to drive away the poison, and the other is to borrow tiger's forehead ("Wang" is like a tiger, and the tiger is the king of beasts, because it is replaced by a tiger) to suppress evil spirits. Qing Fucha Dunchong's "Yanjing Year's Chronicle": "From the first day of the first lunar month, take realgar and sprinkle it with wine, and apply it to the collar and nose and ears of children to avoid poison." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, it can also be applied elsewhere, with the same intention. Shanxi Hequ County Records says: "Drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival and applying it to children's forehead, hands and feet ... can prolong illness." Longevity wisp, I hate to wear ornaments during the Dragon Boat Festival. Also known as life-renewing thread, life-renewing thread, life-prolonging thread, and longevity thread, it is also called "Bai Suo", "Bing Shao" and "Colorful thread", with different names, and basically the same shape and function. In the Dragon Boat Festival, it is made of five-colored silk, or hung at the door, or worn by children's neck, or tied by children's arms, or hung on bed curtains, cradles and other places. It is said that it can avoid disasters, protect health and prolong life. There are five shapes of this kind of festival: simple five-color silk threads are combined into a rope and tied to the arm; Decorate Suk Kim ornaments on colorful ropes and hang them around the neck; Colorful rope is folded into a square victory and decorated on the chest; Colorful knots are worn by portraits; Embroider and draw the sun, the moon, the stars, the black beasts and other things with colorful silk threads to pay tribute to your elders. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote "A Lost Story of Customs": "In the afternoon, I tied my arms with colorful silk to avoid ghosts and soldiers, so that people would not get sick. One is a long-lived wisp, and the other is a soldier." Later, they became accustomed to each other until they were near and modern. Qing Fu Cha Dun's "Yanjing Years" recorded the custom at that time: "Every time you reach the end of the sun, those who are clever in the boudoir will be made into tigers, zongzi, Hulu, cherries and mulberries with colored threads, hung on the head of the hairpin or tied on the back of children." Among them, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the court gave ministers such things as saving things. In the first year of Xingyuan in Tang Daizong, the court once gave a hundred rope axes. "History of the Song Dynasty: Rites XV": "The day before, the golden thread was given to the officials to prolong their lives and the colorful thread was given to them. Wear it on holidays. " small bag

Wearing sachets, also known as sachets, sachets, purses, etc., is made of five-color silk thread or rags. It is filled with spices (made from Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Qin Cao, Herba Sparganii, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Gan Song, and Radix Kaempferiae), and is worn on the chest, with a fragrant smell. Chen Shiliang's "Guang Ji at the Age of Years" quoted "Miscellaneous Notes at the Age of Years" as saying that "Duanwu is made of red and white colors, such as a bag, and colored lines run through it, making it look like a flower." And another kind of "mussel powder bell": "On the fifth day, mussel powder is put in the silk, and it is decorated with cotton, if you count the beads. Let children take it to absorb sweat. " The contents of these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, talisman to exorcise evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival. Wearing sachets is quite particular. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing birds and flowers, all the best, husband and wife loving each other and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers and leopards; Monkeys on the pole, fighting chickens to catch rabbits, etc. Young people are the most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, the affectionate girl will carefully make one or two unique sachets long ago and give them to her lover before the festival. The young man is wearing a sachet given by his sweetheart, which naturally causes comments from men and women around him, and praises the young man's object for its ingenuity.

Deconstruction, elimination and avoidance of five poisons

The Five Venoms

As mentioned above, the Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there are various customs of seeking peace and solving disasters. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are easy to get sick, and plagues are also easy to spread; In addition, snakes and insects are prone to bite people, so be very careful, which forms this habit. All kinds of customs, such as picking herbs, sprinkling walls and doors with realgar wine and drinking Pu wine, seem superstitious, but they are also health activities beneficial to health. Dragon Boat Festival can be regarded as a traditional medical and health festival, and it is a festival for people to fight diseases and poisonous insects. Today, these health customs should still be developed and carried forward. Hygienic custom of Dragon Boat Festival ① Collecting herbs. This is one of the oldest customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Xia Xiaozheng" contains: "Store medicine this day to remove poisonous gas." Volume 22 of "Collection of Miscellaneous Drugs" quoted the lost article of "Collection of Miscellaneous Drugs at the Age of Jingchu": "On May 5, competing for miscellaneous drugs can cure all diseases." In the Miscellaneous Notes of Qi Min Yao Shu in the late Wei Dynasty, there is a record of catching toads in May, which is also used for pharmacy. Later, there was a custom of catching toads on the Dragon Boat Festival in many areas. For example, in Jiangsu, toads were harvested at noon, and their foam was pricked to make traditional Chinese medicine toad venom. People in Hangzhou also give children toads, saying that they can cool down the fire and have no boils in summer. And on the 5th, put Mo Ding in the toad's mouth, hang it up and dry it, and it will become a toad ingot, which can be dissipated when applied to the abscess. This custom of catching toad medicine originated from the legend of "toad fighting for soldiers" in Han Dynasty. Another example is Hubei Jianli's custom of "picking herbs" at the Dragon Boat Festival, and also picking herbs. Herb picking is because the stems and leaves of herbs are mature and have good medicinal properties before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, and this custom was formed on this day. ② Mulan soup, taking a bath in the middle of the afternoon, is an ancient custom recorded in Da Dai Li. At that time, orchids were not today's orchids, but Eupatorium odoratum of Compositae, which had fragrance and could be decocted and bathed. "Nine Songs in the Cloud" also has the sentence "Bathing orchid soup will make you fragrant". "The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age": "May 5th is called the Orchid Bathing Festival." "Five Miscellanies" records that people in the Ming Dynasty took a bath with five-colored grass at noon because "orchid soup is not available". Later, it was usually fried cattails, wormwood and other herbs to take a bath. In Guangdong, flowers and plants such as wormwood, cattail, impatiens and magnolia are used; In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, anemone root, wormwood, cattail and peach leaves are used to make a bath. No matter men, women and children, the whole family washes it. This custom still exists today. It is said that it can cure skin diseases and eliminate evil spirits. ③ Drink Pu wine, realgar and cinnabar wine, and spray with wine. Jingchu Chronicle: "Acorus calamus (a perennial herb, born at the water's edge, has reddish roots underground and leaves shaped like swords and spikes.". Rootstock can be used as spice or medicine) or carved or shredded to cool wine. " Pu wine is fragrant and refreshing. Later, realgar and cinnabar were added to the wine. Ming Xie Zhaozhe's "Five Miscellaneous Zui": "Drinking calamus wine is also ... and drinking it with realgar." Ming Feng Yingjing's "The Broad Sense of the Moon Order": "On the fifth day, use cinnabar wine to ward off evil spirits and detoxify, and use wine to dye the forehead, chest, hands and feet, so there is no danger of snakes (a poisonous snake mentioned in ancient books). Sprinkle walls and doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects. " This custom is widely spread. Up to now, for example, in Binyang, Guangxi, during the Dragon Boat Festival, there are packages of medicinal materials for sale, including realgar, Zhu Lei, arborvitae, peach kernel, cattail leaf, mugwort leaf, etc. People soak in the wine, then dip it in the corners of walls, doors and windows, under the bed, etc., and then coat the ears, nose and navel of children with wine to drive away poisonous insects and seek the safety of children. In addition, some areas also use realgar wine powder to draw the word "king" on children's foreheads, so that children bear the imprint of tigers to ward off evil spirits. These activities, from the health point of view, are still scientifically justified. Realgar mixed with water and wine can be disinfected and sterilized indoors, and drinking Pu sprinkle is also quite beneficial. 4 picking tea and making herbal tea. In some areas in the north, it is fond of picking tender leaves and steaming potherb leaves during the Dragon Boat Festival to make tea. In Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, people go to the suburb of Shan Ye to collect herbs and boil herbal tea. This is also good for health.

Hanging mugwort, calamus and Ficus Ficus branches

There are other reasons for hanging wormwood, calamus (Pujian) or pomegranate and garlic at the door during the Dragon Boat Festival. Usually, wormwood, calamus and Ficus Ficus branches will be hung.

Artemisia argyi, Ficus microcarpa and Acorus calamus are tied into a bundle with red paper and then inserted or hung on the door. Because Acorus calamus is the first of the five Rui in the sky, it symbolizes the evil sword, because the growing season and shape are regarded as "the breath of a hundred yin", and the leaves are sword-shaped, which can be inserted at the door to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, alchemists called it "water sword", and later customs extended it to "Pujian", which can cut thousands of evils. In Qing Dynasty, Gu Tieqing recorded in Qing Jia Lu that "cutting Pu as a sword, cutting Peng as a whip, and hanging garlic with peach stalks on the bed, all of which were used to exorcise ghosts". However, in the Local Records of the Jin Dynasty, there is a saying that "Ai is a tiger, or the ribbon is cut as a tiger, and the leaves are attached to Ai, and my wife is scrambling to cut it. In the future, it will be even more calamus, or humanoid, or Xiaojian-shaped, named Pujian, to exorcise evil spirits but ghosts. " Wormwood represents a hundred blessings, and it is a kind of herb that can cure diseases. Inserting it at the door can make you healthy. In ancient China, it has always been a medicinal plant. The moxibustion method in acupuncture is to use wormwood as the main component and burn it on acupuncture points to treat diseases. The legend that wormwood can exorcise evil spirits has been circulating for a long time, mainly because it has the function of medicine. For example, Zonggu's Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu records that "when the chicken is not crowing, those who pick wormwood look like human beings, take it and collect it with moxibustion, which is very effective." It is the day when Ai is taken as a human form and hung on the door, which can poison gas. Hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival is the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival, which refers to taking a newly married or married daughter home for the festival. Referred to as "hiding in the afternoon", it is also called "hiding from the end". It is customary to take May and May 5th as evil months and days, and all things need to be avoided, because there is a custom of taking women home to hide from the Dragon Boat Festival. This custom seems to have been formed in the Song Dynasty. In Lu You's poem "Feng Sui", there is a sentence that "the goat cavity wine bears the burden to meet the woman, and the drum dragon boat is sent to compete with the gods". "Jiajing Longqing Zhi" also recorded a cloud: "Married women are called back for the holidays". Also, "Luanzhou Zhi": "The new bride of a woman welcomes the moon back, which is called" hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival ". It rains during the Dragon Boat Festival, and it is a custom for people to check when they are old. It is believed that it rains on the Dragon Boat Festival, which is unlucky; On the contrary, it is good. This kind of popular belief existed in the Song Dynasty. Chen Yuanliang's "Guang Ji at the Age of Years" quoted the "Summary Record" as saying: "On May 5 th, people were exposed to drugs, and there was no disaster at the age of 18. When it rains, ghosts expose medicine, and many people are ill. This proverb in Fujian. " Xu Yueqing's "Li Shizhou's Dragon Boat Festival" also notes: "Linchuan people say that it rains in the middle of the day, and ghosts are prosperous and people are in disaster. The self-annotation of Zhao Huaiyu's poems in Qing Dynasty also quoted the proverb "No rain in Duanyang is a good year".

Dragon Boat Race and Sacrifice to Qu Yuan and Cao E

The word dragon boat was first seen in the pre-Qin ancient book "Biography of Mu Tianzi", Volume 5: "Tianzi rides a bird boat and the dragon boat floats in the swamp." In "Nine Songs Xiang Jun", scholars also think that "flying dragon" means dragon boat. "Xiang Jun" is a poem describing that Xiang people rode a dragon boat and sank Yu Pei into the river (similar to throwing a trace into the river) to mourn a historical figure. This coincides with the "Soul Boat" and the image of the "Silk Painting of the Dragon of the Character" of Chu State, which can confirm each other. "The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age" states: "May 5th is called the Lan Festival. ..... It's the day, racing, and competing for miscellaneous medicines. " Since then, there have been countless races recorded in poems, notes, local chronicles and so on. Dragon boats, unlike ordinary ships, have different sizes and different numbers of radial hands. For example, the dragon boat in Huangpu and suburban areas of Guangzhou is 33 meters long, with 100 people on the road and about 80 people on the radial hand. Nanning Dragon Boat is more than 20 meters long, and each boat has about 50 or 60 people. The dragon boat in Miluo City, Hunan Province is16-22 meters long, with 24-48 people scratching their hands. Fuzhou, Fujian has a long dragon boat18m, with 32 people scratching their hands. Dragon boats are generally long and narrow, with headgear and dragon tail at the stern. The colors of the faucet are red, black and gray, all of which are similar to the head of the dragon lantern and have different postures. Generally, it is made of wood carvings and painted (it is also made of paper or yarn). The dragon tail is mostly carved with whole wood and scales. Before the dragon boat race, please invite dragons and offer sacrifices to the gods. For example, the Guangdong Dragon Boat Festival, before the Dragon Boat Festival, has to get out of the water, worship the South China Sea God in the South China Sea Temple, install the dragon head and the dragon tail, and then prepare for the race. And buy a pair of paper cocks and put them on the dragon boat, thinking that they can protect the boat safely (vaguely corresponding to the ancient bird boat). Fujian and Taiwan went to Mazu Tempel to worship. Some sacrifice the dragon's head directly by the river, killing chickens and dripping blood on the dragon's head, such as Sichuan, Guizhou and other individual areas. In Miluo City, Hunan Province, before the race, you must go to Quzi Temple to worship the dragon head, put red cloth on the dragon head, and then race on the boat, not only to worship the dragon god, but also to commemorate Qu Yuan. In Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown in Hubei, there are also ceremonies to worship Qu Yuan. The custom of offering sacrifices to Qu Yuan is recorded in "Geography of Sui Shu": "It is swift and swift, and its songs are noisy, and the audience is like a cloud." Tang Liu Yuxi's "Jingdu Qu" is self-explanatory: "Jingdu began in Wuling, and now it is combined with it, and its sound is salty:' Where is it', the meaning of Sibogu Qu." It can be seen that the sacrifice of Qu Yuan and the dragon boat race are closely related in the two lakes region. Perhaps after the death of Qu Yuan (and Cao E, Wu Zixu, etc.), the local people also sent their souls to be buried in a boat, so this custom exists. Another example is Zhejiang, which commemorates Cao E with a dragon boat race. According to "Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty", Cao E died by throwing herself into the river, and folk legends say that she went down the river to look for her father's body. There are many sacrifices in Zhejiang, and "Dianshizhai Pictorial Worship Cao E" depicts the scene of people sacrificing Cao E in Huiji area. In Qing Jia Lu, Wudi (Jiangsu area) race was recorded in memory of Wu Zixu, so Suzhou had the old habit of offering sacrifices to Wu Zixu on the Dragon Boat Festival and held a race on the water to commemorate it. There are also ceremonies to commemorate Ma Yuan in Guangxi and Wang Shenzhi in Fuzhou. All kinds of sacrificial ceremonies and commemorative ceremonies are nothing more than burning incense sticks and paper money for chicken, rice, meat, fruit offerings, zongzi and so on. Nowadays, these superstitious ceremonies are rare, but in the past, when people sacrificed to the Dragon Temple, the atmosphere was very serious, and they prayed for a bumper agricultural harvest, good weather, evil spirits, chaos and disasters, all the best, and also blessed boating safety. In people's words, "to be auspicious" expresses people's inner good wishes. At the beginning of the official race, the atmosphere was very warm. Zhang Jianfeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Song of Race Crossing": "... Luo clothes on both sides of the strait smell fragrant, and silver hairpin shines like a frost blade. The drums beat three times and the red flag opened; Two dragons jumped out of the water. Shadows and waves fly to Wan Jian, and drums and waves sound like thousands of thunder. The drums are getting closer and closer, and the two dragons are looking at the mark and it is like an instant. People on the slope were shocked by thunder, and the rainbow on the pole was dizzy. Dragon boat race in May Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon boat rowing and other activities. For example, a dragon boat tour to the countryside is to paddle a dragon boat to a nearby familiar village for fun and assembly during the dragon boat race. Sometimes the dragon boat also has a variety of tricks, which have the meaning of performance. For example, the dragon boat in Guangzhou, arm in arm with blades inserted into the water, and then pick up, so that splash; The people at the bow and stern stamped the boat rhythmically, making the dragon boat rise and fall like Youlong. In Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province, some dragon boats have people trample the dragon tail low, making the dragon head high, and the sharp waves at the bow spit out from the dragon mouth, like a dragon swallowing clouds and spitting rain. There are also boat races. For example, in "Huai Nan Zi Ben Jing Xun", "Dragon boat flies at the head, floating and blowing for entertainment" means rowing dragon boats and rocking boats to play music and play on the water. In "Dream Liang Lu", it is recorded that "there are six dragon boats playing in the lake" in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are dragon boats on the lake, which are only part of the boat tour. The emperors of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all enjoyed watching dragon boats by the water, which also belonged to games and the like. Mu Zong and Jingzong are recorded in Old Tang Book, and both of them have "watching the race". Volume 7 of Dream of China in Tokyo records the custom of the Northern Song Emperor watching the dragon boat race in Jinming Pool in the Linshui Temple. Among them, there are floats, music boats, boats, painting cabins, dragon boats, tiger-headed boats, etc. for viewing and playing music, as well as a 40-foot-long dragon boat. In addition to the dragon boat, other boats lined up to compete for the bid as entertainment. Song Zhang Zeduan's "Jin Mingchi Winning the Bid" depicts this scene. And the Ming emperor, watching the dragon boat in Ziguangge, Zhongnanhai, watching the imperial archers gallop and shoot arrows. In the Qing Dynasty, a race was held in Fuhai, Yuanmingyuan, and Qianlong and Jiaqing Emperor all went to watch. There are dragon boats at night again. In Wujin, Zhejiang, there used to be a night dragon boat, and small lights were hung on all sides to compete. From 1982, a night dragon boat appeared in Wutong Bridge, Sichuan Province. The boat was decorated with electric lights, fireworks and floating river lights, which was brilliant. In a few places in Zhejiang, piles of floating flames are also set up on the water, so that dragon boats decorated with lanterns can pass through the flames. There is also a dry dragon boat, which is a simulated dragon boat race on land. For example, the Annals of Nanchang contains: "The 5th of May is a dry dragon boat, which makes several people different, spreads the flowers and drums, fills the thoroughfare, and scholars and women give money to pray, competing with firecrackers to eliminate the ominous." Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, used to have the custom of pushing Dragon Boat Festival boats in dry land, and it was also thought that evil spirits could be eliminated. In addition, Foshan, Dongguan and Xinyi in Guangdong all have the custom of rowing dragon boats on dry land, which is actually a dance, but the date is not necessarily on the Dragon Boat Festival. The dry land dragon boat is the most spectacular in autumn in Foshan. Another example is "Huizhou Prefecture Records", which reads: "On May 5th, the gods were greeted by boats to drive away the epidemic, and bamboo was used for it. The paintings were like loaches, and twelve people were regarded as gods, and they traveled around the city." There are also small dragon boats for children to make toys. When rowing dragon boats, there are many dragon boat songs that sing for fun. For example, when rowing a dragon boat in Zigui, Hubei Province, there was a complete singing, and the songs and songs were based on the fusion of local folk songs and songs. The singing voice was magnificent and exciting, that is, the legacy of "praising and reconciling". Another example is the Dragon Boat Song in Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province, which was sung after the dragon boat was launched in April until the Dragon Boat Festival, and its performance was very extensive.

Zhong Kui

Dancing in Zhong Kui and Disrupting Zhong Kui: Since the Jin Dynasty, dancing in Zhong Kui and Disrupting Zhong Kui and blessing the town house are the important contents of the Dragon Boat Festival and the Spring Festival.

Doucao

Han didn't see fighting grass before. (Textual Research on Social Popular Things in Past Dynasties: Shang Binghe) There is no textual research on its origin, which is generally believed to be related to the emergence of traditional Chinese medicine. Ancient ancestors struggled to survive, and their lives were monotonous. In their spare time, they amused themselves by fighting insects, grasses and beasts. After the legendary "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs" formed Chinese medicine, they gathered in the suburbs every year on the Dragon Boat Festival to collect medicines and insert them in Ai Men to solve the summer poison and epidemic, which became a custom. After harvest, competitions are often held, and the names of flowers and grasses are reported to each other in the form of confrontation. Most of them win, and they have both plant knowledge and literary knowledge.

Interesting; Children use petioles to hook each other, pinch each other and drag each other. If they break, they will lose, and then change one leaf to fight. Bai Juyi's poem "Watching Children's Play" says: "Make dust or fight grass, and have fun all day." "The Original" says: "It started in Hanwu". According to a story written by Zong Yi, a person from the Liang Dynasty, in The Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu, "On May 5th, the four people stepped on a hundred herbs, and there was a scene of fighting grass." "Memories of Years": "In the Dragon Boat Festival, build house stored medicine, fought a hundred herbs and wrapped five silk." It was called "stepping on a hundred herbs" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and "fighting grass" or "fighting a hundred herbs" in the Tang Dynasty. "Liu Bin Jia Hua" says: "In Tang Zhongzong Dynasty, Princess Anle fought a hundred herbs for five days." In the Song Dynasty, it was extended to fighting at any time on weekdays. There are many descriptions of this in the works of literati in past dynasties. The Sketch of Fighting among Babies is collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing, and its playing method is as follows: First, each side of the competition picks grass with certain toughness (Loulan case: mostly plantain, perennial herb of plantain, and more roadside, ditch, ridge and other places. Stemless, with many slender fibrous roots; Leaves clustered from rhizosphere, thin papery, with five main veins, whole or undulate, or with sparse and blunt teeth, as long as15-30 cm; With green and white sparse flowers, the corolla is divided and the stamens are four; When the fruit is ripe, it will open like a lid, releasing four to six brown-black seeds, whose long floral axis is a good material for fighting grass. ) then cross each other into a "ten" shape and pull each other hard, so that those who keep on winning will win. This kind of fighting grass, which depends on the strength of people's pulling force and the pulling force of grass, is called "the warfare" Wang Jian's "Gong Ci" chants about the game of fighting grass: "Flowers in the water, celery leaves and soil will be picked up from many families, and they will always wait for others to count them all, and there will be Yujin buds in their sleeves." There are not only "warfare" but also "literary warfare" in fighting grass. The so-called "literary struggle" refers to the names of flowers and plants. In the sixty-second chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, "On Baoyu's birthday, all the sisters were busy drinking and writing poems. The maids in each room also had fun with their masters. Xue Pan's concubine Xiangling and several maids each picked some flowers and plants and fought for fun. This says, I have Guanyin willow; That said I have arhat pine.

Eat wuhuang.

There is a custom of eating "wuhuang" on the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Wuhuang refers to cucumber, Monopterus albus, yellow croaker, salted duck egg yolk and realgar wine. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival in northern Zhejiang also eats tofu.

other

There is a scene of archery in the Dragon Boat Festival. The Book of History and Rites says: "Because of Liao customs, gold is about several inches away from the ground in five days, and its skin is peeled and white. First, one person gallops the horse first, then gallops the horse with a featherless horizontal cluster of arrows. It is best to break the willow and relax by hand. Those who can't pick it up are second. Every shot must be drummed to help it. " By the Ming Dynasty, birds were stored in gourds and shot.

Playing polo is also one of the Dragon Boat Festival plays. Polo is riding a horse and playing with a stick, which is called bowing in ancient times. There is a sentence of "Lian Pian hits Jurang" in Cao Zhi's Famous Capital in the Three Kingdoms. In Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, there was a wide stadium, and emperors such as Xuanzong and Jingzong all liked polo. "Ma Qiutu" in Prince Zhang Huai's tomb depicts the prosperity of polo in the Tang Dynasty: in the painting, more than 20 horses are flying at high speed, and their ponytails are tied up. Players wear shawls and boots, holding sticks and hitting each other one by one. In addition, there is a custom of visiting the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital", Volume II: "Before noon on May 5th, the group entered the Temple of Heaven to avoid poison every day. After the afternoon, walk under the wall of the altar. There is no common custom of silk section in Jiangcheng, but it is also horn millet. There is no custom of racing, and it is also a game. " There is also the Zhong Kui Tournament, in which a man is dressed as Zhong Kui, waving a sword and holding a paper bat in front of him, making it look like "it's too late to drink"; Follow the full ceremonial dress and walk through the market for exorcism. In addition, there are circus and duck grabbing activities during the Dragon Boat Festival.

Edit the meaning of this paragraph

To commemorate the death of loyal minister Wu Zixu (because Fu Cha, the king of Wu, put Wu Zixu's body in leather and threw it into the river on the fifth day of May). In memory of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu State. In memory of Cao E, a dutiful daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who saved her father from drowning in the river and died (Cao E drowned in the river on the fifth day of May and took out her father's body five days later). Commemorate the death of Qiu Jin.