Speaking of the European architectural style, I believe everyone is familiar with it. Whether it is the appearance of the building or the interior decoration, the European style emphasizes luxury, emphasizing the use of gorgeous decoration, strong colors, and exquisite shapes to achieve grace. With the luxurious decorative effect, European architectural styles can be classified into many types with the development of time. So, what are the classifications of European architectural styles? What are the characteristics of European architectural style?

1. Classification of European architectural styles

1. Gothic architecture - the representative work Notre Dame de Paris

(1) The characteristics of Gothic architecture are It has a tall minaret, pointed arches, large windows and large stained glass with biblical stories. Cross arches, flying coupons, and slender columns are used in the design to create a light and slender feeling of flying into the sky. He invented the use of four-pointed coupons to cleverly solve the structural problem of the ribbed vault between each arch. He had a large area of ??stained glass, which was followed by many churches in the future. The structural system of a Gothic church consists of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses.

(2) The basic unit is to make double-center skeleton peak coupons on the pillars at the four corners of a square or rectangular plane, one on each side and on the diagonal, and the roof slates are placed on the coupons to form an arch. top. Using this method, coupons with the same sag height can be made on different spans. The vault is light in weight and has clear intersection lines, which reduces the thrust of the coupon feet and simplifies construction. Decorative details such as canopies, niches, etc. are also themed with pointed coupons. The architectural style and structural techniques form an organic whole. The entire building looks clean in lines, grand in appearance, and very open and bright inside.

2. Byzantine Architecture - Hagia Sophia

(1) Byzantine architecture was developed on the basis of inheriting the architectural culture of ancient Rome. At the same time, due to geographical relationships, It also absorbed Persian, Mesopotamian, Syrian and other Eastern cultures to form its own architectural style. Byzantine architecture is also one of the more classic European architectural styles. It is characterized by a small difference in the horizontal and vertical lengths of the cross, and a large dome at the intersection. The dome is built on a square plan, covering the dome and placing its weight on four independent pillars. This is a major contribution to the development of European architecture.

(2) Hagia Sophia is a typical Byzantine building. The base of the church is the same as that of Romanesque buildings, which is rectangular. However, the central part of the roof is composed of a huge circular dome and a semicircular dome at the front and rear. The first feature is the roof shape, and "dome roof" is commonly used. The second feature is the protruding center of the overall shape. The third feature is that it creates a structural method of supporting the dome on independent square columns and a corresponding centralized architectural form. The fourth feature is that in the use of colors, attention is paid to both change and unity, making the interior space and exterior facade of the building appear dazzling.

3. European architectural style - San Carlo Church

(1) Baroque is a kind of architecture and decoration developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries. style. It is characterized by free appearance, pursuit of dynamics, preference for gorgeous decoration and sculpture, strong colors, and commonly interspersed curved surfaces and oval spaces. This European architectural style is quite famous. It is characterized by free appearance, pursuit of dynamics, preference for gorgeous decoration and sculpture, strong colors, and commonly interspersed curved surfaces and oval spaces.

(2) The original meaning of the word Baroque is strange and eccentric, and classicists use it to refer to this architectural style that is considered deviant. This style played an important role in opposing rigid classical forms, pursuing free and unrestrained style, and expressing secular tastes. It had an impact on city squares, garden art, and even literature and art sectors. It was once widely popular in Europe.

2. Characteristics of European architectural style

1. Characteristics of Gothic architecture

Tall spires, pointed arches, large windows and paintings with biblical stories Large stained glass. Cross arches, flying coupons, and slender columns are used in the design to create a light and slender feeling of flying into the sky.

As well as a new frame structure to increase the strength of the top support, the entire building has a straight line, a majestic appearance and an open space inside the church. Combined with the long windows inlaid with stained glass, it creates a strong religious atmosphere in the church. . The plan of the church is still basically a Latin cross, but a pair of tall towers are added on both sides of the west end door.

2. Characteristics of Byzantine architecture

The difference between the horizontal and vertical lengths of the cross is small, and the intersection is a large round dome. The dome is built on a square plan, covering the dome and placing its weight on four independent pillars. This is a major contribution to the development of European architecture. Hagia Sophia is a typical Byzantine building. The base of the church is the same as that of Romanesque buildings, which is rectangular. However, the central part of the roof is composed of a huge circular dome and a semicircular dome at the front and rear.

3. Important features of Baroque architecture are:

The long, narrow nave is replaced by a wider, occasionally rounded form.

Dramatic use of light, either strong light and shade contrasts, monochromatic effects (e.g. church in Weltenburg Abbey), or uniform lighting through several windows (e.g. church in Weingarten Abbey) .

Extensive use for ornaments (puttos made of wood (often gilded), plaster or stucco, marble or faux marble).

There are many styles of European architecture. Different styles have different emphases. There are also many typical signs of European architecture. It is a decoration style that many people yearn for and is favored by many people. The above is the European architectural style classification and European architectural style characteristics introduced by the editor.