What is infantile diarrhea?
Infantile diarrhea is an acute disorder of gastrointestinal function that mostly occurs in infants aged 0-2 years, that is, infantile indigestion, mainly manifested as diarrhea and vomiting. According to the severity of the disease, it can be divided into mild diarrhea and severe diarrhea. The causes of infantile diarrhea are various, and the symptoms are also different.
Causes of infantile diarrhea
1. Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is a common cause of infantile diarrhea, which is caused by rotavirus and other viruses invading the intestine and stomach. Late autumn and early winter are the periods when rotavirus runs rampant. If the baby has diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever and stomach muscle twitching during this period, it is likely that he is infected with this virus and has gastroenteritis.
2. Bacterial infection
Undercooked meat contains a kind of bacteria called Escherichia coli, which will cause severe diarrhea in the baby if eaten. When the baby has purulent blood in the stool, abdominal pain and high fever, you must seek medical attention immediately. Although some diarrhea caused by bacterial infection can be cured by itself, we should pay enough attention to it when the situation is serious.
3. Parasitic infection
Pay more attention to the details of hygiene, and firmly say "no" to bad habits can greatly reduce the probability of diarrhea. Washing hands and changing diapers can not only stop the spread of bacteria, but also reduce the infection of parasites. You know, the pear-shaped flagellates parasitic in the intestine can easily cause baby diarrhea, so mom and dad must pay attention to cleaning the baby's body to prevent parasites from spreading infection.
4. Antibiotics
Some babies are allergic to antibiotics. If the baby has diarrhea during the treatment with antibiotics, there is a great possibility that it is allergic to antibiotics. At this point, you can ask the doctor for the best solution.
5. Excessive juice
The fructose content of fruit juice is too high, and it is too cold, which may stimulate children's intestines and stomach, thus making children diarrhea and thin stools. Newborns are not allowed to drink fruit juice for half a year. Even after half a year, they should be added according to their physical condition, acceptance and other factors. If children consume too much juice, they should take action to control it.
6. Formula milk powder
Formula milk powder is related to the baby's health, so brand selection and blending should be taken seriously, and you should know it before making a choice. Mom and dad can take their baby to see a doctor before buying, determine the brand of milk powder and understand the precautions. Before the infusion, the instruments should be strictly disinfected, and they should be accurately prepared according to the formula, otherwise the baby is likely to have diarrhea.
7. Seasonal dryness
The dry and cold season provides favorable conditions for the spread of rotavirus, so parents should be fully prepared to deal with the problem of children's diarrhea in autumn and winter, help the baby digest normally and healthily, and regulate the strong gastrointestinal function.
8. Milk and soybeans are allergic
Some newborn BB's food is mainly formula milk, so we should pay attention to observe whether there is allergic phenomenon when feeding. If vomiting and diarrhea occur, it may be allergic to milk, soybeans and other ingredients in formula milk. In this case, don't let the baby eat the food made of these raw materials.
Infantile diarrhea symptoms
To determine whether the baby has diarrhea, we can first observe its defecation and fecal morphology and compare it with the normal state. If the number of defecations increases significantly and the feces are thin and watery, then the baby is likely to have diarrhea. At this time, the baby may also have anorexia, bloating and abdominal pain. In order to quickly distinguish whether the baby has diarrhea, mom and dad must make a specific understanding of the symptoms of baby diarrhea:
In addition to some symptoms listed in the table, dehydration, acidity of blood PH, lack of potassium and magnesium ions, electrolyte disorder, and breaking the acid-base balance of the body often occur, resulting in weakness of limbs and listlessness.
Complications of infantile diarrhea
1. Dehydration and electrolyte disorder
On the one hand, the water, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and other inorganic salts in the baby's body are lost with diarrhea, on the other hand, the baby's gastrointestinal function is destroyed, leading to anorexia. If you stay in such a bad state for a long time, it will easily cause dehydration and break the normal state of electrolytes in the body, resulting in electrolyte disorder with low or high potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium ions. It is characterized by dry skin, depression, syncope and convulsion.
2. Viral myocarditis
Viral myocarditis is usually caused by virus infection, and the virus that causes intestinal infection is the most common one. Therefore, although it is only the baby's diarrhea, there are also hidden dangers of viral myocarditis. Once the virus invades the heart, it will lead to arrhythmia, heart failure, even shock and sudden death. Therefore, mom and dad can't be careless. Once the baby has a fever, headache, chest tightness and palpitations, it will be sent to the hospital to prevent the condition from getting worse.
3. Intussusception
Infants under 2 years old are the main group of primary intussusception. When the baby has diarrhea, the intestine is easy to be in a state of high-frequency activity, which leads to disorder and irregularity of intestinal peristalsis, thus leading to a section of the intestine, which hinders the normal absorption and passage of food in the intestine. This vicious circle is bound to be bad for the baby, and it is easy to make the baby vomit, abdominal pain, bloody excrement, etc. Mom and Dad should pay more attention.
4. Malnutrition
During the baby's diarrhea, the baby's food intake is difficult to control, and malnutrition often occurs under such circumstances. High food intake will lead to overeating, while low food intake will lead to insufficient absorption. For a long time, the baby's body will be in a sub-healthy state of malnutrition. It leads to a series of consequences that are not conducive to the normal development of the baby, such as listlessness, slow development, psychological extremes, etc. When the physical resistance of the body declines, various diseases will also be entangled in the upper body.
What about infantile diarrhea?
1. Adjust your diet, a little and many times.
If the baby's food is breast milk, continue to breast-feed. Considering that there is more fat in the second half of breast milk, it is recommended to feed more front milk than back milk, so as to absorb more protein instead of fat. If the baby's food is not breast milk and supplementary food is added, it is necessary to control it, choose peaceful, soft, oily and digestible food, reduce the food intake by a few times, stop feeding supplementary food to the baby in a short time if necessary, and use diarrhea milk powder. After the diarrhea is over, it is necessary to gradually return to normal.
2. External drugs instead of antibiotics
For all kinds of bacterial infections and other microbial infections, although antibiotics can effectively treat them, the side effects left behind are chilling, not to mention the cause of diarrhea in some infants has nothing to do with bacterial infections. The flora ecosystem in the baby's intestine is still fragile, and the use of antibiotics is very likely to kill beneficial flora, which can not only effectively treat diarrhea, but also cause harm to the baby's health.
3. Replenish water to avoid greasy.
During the baby's diarrhea, it is one of the most urgent and important tasks to replenish water for the baby in time. The loss of water is fierce and rapid. If the baby is dehydrated for a long time, it will hinder the normal metabolism of the body, and the situation will become very unfavorable, and it will be difficult for the baby to recover. Mother can feed the baby some carrot water or low-sugar juice that the baby usually likes to eat to avoid dehydration. In addition to supplementing water, you should also supplement nutrition. Don't give anything to your baby because of diarrhea. Porridge, mashed potatoes and cooked apple puree are all foods that your baby can digest. However, some greasy foods are too high in fat content, and the baby has neither appetite nor digestion, which is easy to cause the baby's burden. For such foods, it is necessary to really fast.
4. Breastfeeding to prevent diarrhea
For the baby, the nutrients contained in breast milk are all-round, enough to meet the baby's nutritional needs, and the immunoglobulin contained in it can enhance the baby's immune system and improve the disease resistance. In addition, breast milk has the advantages of proper temperature, freshness and cleanliness, uniform texture and easy digestion, which can relieve infantile diarrhea and is safer and healthier than antidiarrheal drugs. If a new mother can insist on breastfeeding her baby, I believe that the probability of diarrhea will be greatly reduced and her physical fitness will be better.
What to eat for infantile diarrhea?
1. Milk diluted by rice soup
Casein in mammals is the main source of amino acids, phosphorus and calcium for babies, but the precipitate formed by casein when it meets gastric acid is not easy for babies to digest. Diluting milk with rice soup will make the curd soft and smooth, which is more conducive to baby absorption. The rice soup itself contains a little starch, which supplements the glucose in the baby's body after hydrolysis and protects the baby's spleen and stomach.
2. Jomi
As we all know, carbon has good adsorption. If the rice is fried and taken by the baby, the carbon part can absorb excess water and effectively improve the thin stool.
Step 3: yogurt
Through fermentation, yogurt degrades macromolecules that are difficult to be digested and utilized by gastrointestinal tract, improves its absorption and utilization rate, reduces the breeding of harmful bacteria in intestinal tract and improves immunity.
Step 4 skim milk
Milk with less than 0.5% fat is skim milk. The fat content is greatly reduced, which is undoubtedly more conducive to the baby's digestion, but also reduces the probability of the baby getting fat, and has the effect of preventing cancer, which is conducive to good health.
5. Fish protein powder
On the one hand, fish protein powder is high in nutritional protein and easy to absorb nutrients; On the other hand, its fat content is very small, and there is no lactose contained in general milk powder, which is easy to digest, which not only effectively relieves the baby's diarrhea but also does not make the baby lack nutrition.
6.carrot soup
Mother may wish to make use of the powerful attraction and adhesion effect of plant fiber, crush carrots and cook soup to feed the baby, stop diarrhea and play the role of carrots in improving eyesight and preventing cancer, and promote the healthy growth of the baby.
7.cooked apple puree
Tannic acid and pectin contained in apples are sharp tools for treating diarrhea. Tannic acid, also called tannin, has the effect of astringing the stomach and intestines, can effectively kill the bacteria in the intestines and consolidate the feces, while pectin can absorb a lot of water and increase the density of feces after heating. After steaming, scrape it into mud with a spoon, which is sweet and delicate, which not only increases the baby's appetite but also helps the baby stop diarrhea.
Precautions for infantile diarrhea
1. Never fast.
Although the baby will have anorexia in the process of diarrhea, the digestive ability of the gastrointestinal tract is greatly weakened, but this does not mean that the baby must not eat. If the baby has a desire to eat, it should be satisfied as much as possible, like a baby who wants to drink breast milk, it can be treated in a normal state, but the intake of other foods should be controlled. Before feeding milk, dilute it with water. If the baby still feels hungry after eating, you can feed rice soup with less salt and fresh vegetable juice, such as carrot water. Babies who drink porridge should reduce their intake as much as possible and supplement more inorganic salts and vitamins.
2. Find dehydration in time
Severe infantile diarrhea can lead to fever and vomiting. If the baby has symptoms such as dry mouth, cracked lips, oliguria and anuria, dry and rough skin, sunken eye sockets and anterior fontanel, and no tears when crying during this period, then the baby is likely to be dehydrated and must be sent to the hospital immediately.
3. Prevention and treatment of dehydration
Oral salt supplement solution with sugar content of 2% is very effective in preventing and treating dehydration caused by diarrhea in babies. Every 100 ml of oral salt supplement solution contains 0.35 g of sodium chloride, 0.25 g of sodium bicarbonate, 0. 15 g of potassium chloride and 2 g of glucose. This formula is beneficial to replenish the water and inorganic salts lacking in the body in time and alleviate the dehydration problem.
4. Don't abuse antibiotics
Some parents have fallen into a cognitive misunderstanding and blindly believe that antibiotics are omnipotent, but they must not use antibiotics on their babies without the guidance of doctors. For infantile diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection in autumn and winter, abuse of antibiotics will not only relieve diarrhea, but will do harm to the baby. More mild diarrhea can be cured by using anti-inflammatory drugs, montmorillonite powder and microecological agents. Therefore, when the baby has diarrhea, parents must consult a doctor and prescribe drugs for specific diseases, instead of relying on antibiotics uncontrollably.
5. Pay attention to home care
In addition to using the right medicine, good home care also plays a great role in treating diarrhea for babies. Feces often contain some harmful bacteria and viruses. If you can't clean up when you have diarrhea, it will do great harm to your baby. Therefore, the buttocks must be cleaned up in time after excretion. It is best to scrub with clean water with appropriate temperature and use disinfected diapers to prevent the baby from appearing red buttocks. In addition, let the children get enough rest, and pay special attention not to let the abdomen and feet catch cold when sleeping, and not to expose the navel and feet to the air.
6. Buy milk powder for treating diarrhea
In view of the problem of infantile diarrhea, some milk powder manufacturers have introduced lactose-free milk powder that can treat diarrhea, which not only ensures the baby's normal diet, but also solves the problem of diarrhea. Mom and dad can go to the domestic milk powder area or the imported goods area of large supermarkets to choose and buy according to the baby's actual situation and the doctor's advice.