"The medicinal materials of Dendrobium mainly come from three species of Dendrobium of Orchidaceae, namely: Dendrobium nobile-from plant Dendrobium nobile, fresh Dendrobium nobile or fresh Dendrobium nobile; Dendrobium candidum-from plant Dendrobium candidum, also known as Dendrobium huoshanense, fresh Dendrobium candidum or fresh Dendrobium candidum, and the product is called Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium earrings); Dendrobium candidum-from the plant Dendrobium candidum (also known as Dendrobium fimbriae and Verbena). Some similar varieties such as Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium nobile can also be used as medicine. Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium nobile have been the best medicinal materials for a long time. Although the varieties are different, the prescription names are collectively referred to as Dendrobium. "
"For more than 2,000 years, Dendrobium candidum has not been listed separately in the Pharmacopoeia of previous dynasties, because there is no need to list items." Dr. Yang Bingxun, who participated in the formulation of "Dendrobium candidum" in China People's Pharmacopoeia 20 10, said: "Although Dendrobium candidum is a member of Chinese medicine for nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, its medicinal source has been very scarce. The National Pharmacopoeia focuses on medicinal materials with great influence. Dendrobium candidum is scarce and has limited influence, so it does not need to be regulated by the National Pharmacopoeia. "
2 1 century ago 10 years ago, Dendrobium candidum was hot in the fields of biomedicine and health care. During this period, there was a phenomenon of using other inferior Dendrobium officinale as Dendrobium officinale. This not only hinders the development of Dendrobium candidum industry, but also seriously infringes on the interests of consumers.
"This is the time when the National Pharmacopoeia has to be standardized." Dr. Yang Bingxun said: "First, with the growing industry of Dendrobium candidum and more and more clinical applications, it is necessary for the National Pharmacopoeia to regulate it; Secondly, among Chinese herbal medicines, the source of Dendrobium is particularly complicated among all Chinese herbal medicines. What is Dendrobium candidum? The identification of Dendrobium candidum in People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition) is limited to the methods of appearance and shape, and these simple methods can no longer solve various problems in the market. Third, consumers are in urgent need of protection. Without national authoritative standards, it is difficult for administrative departments at all levels to monitor the market. Consumers cannot defend their rights when purchasing Dendrobium candidum products. "
Shortly after the publication of the 2005 edition of People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia, the National Pharmacopoeia Committee began to update the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia, because it was deeply felt that the national drug market had undergone tremendous changes after the reform and opening up. The formulation of Dendrobium candidum entries naturally falls on the shoulders of Zhejiang Food and Drug Inspection Institute. It took six years to write it.
Why did it take six years to work out the national standard? What is its difficulty?
According to the requirements of the National Pharmacopoeia Committee, the time to formulate the national standard of Dendrobium candidum officially began in 2004.
Since ancient times, Dendrobium plants have been genuine Dendrobium medicinal materials. Dendrobium medicinal materials involved in the mainstream herbal classics of past dynasties not only come from one plant, but also involve more than 70 species of Dendrobium. It also involves some genera other than Dendrobium of Orchidaceae, such as nearly 20 species of Dendrobium, Pholidota and Bulbophyllum. Dendrobium is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine which is particularly complicated and blindly used in People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia.
The problem facing researchers is that 76 species of Dendrobium plants were found in China, and the unique characteristics of Dendrobium candidum were finally found through the analysis and research of each species. In professional language, it is to find the fingerprint of Dendrobium candidum, find out its specificity, and make clear its "character", "identification", "inspection", "content determination" and "sex"
Needless to say, it is difficult to find 76 species of Dendrobium by analysis.
The second problem is to collect Dendrobium candidum samples grown all over the country and collected in different years and seasons.
Zhu Ming, director of the Chinese Medicine Department of Zhejiang Food and Drug Inspection Institute, recalled that since 2004, researchers began to collect samples of Dendrobium candidum from different places of origin, different years and different harvest periods, and ran 15 times to Yueqing and other places in Yunnan, collecting about 50 batches and hundreds of samples; In addition, for comparison, about 50 batches of non-Dendrobium candidum samples (including purple bark, hard knot, water grass, etc.) were taken at the same time. ) is collected. Purple skin, Gangjie and other samples come from several plants, and the varieties are chaotic, so they can't be used directly. Some fresh products collected by experts are dried in the sun, and some are specially identified for planting and flowering, so as to ensure the reliability of sample sources.
The key to formulating the national standard of Dendrobium candidum is two data. One is to find data that only Dendrobium officinale has and other Dendrobium officinale does not. The other is Dendrobium candidum in different places, seasons and years. What can be considered as high-quality data?
Due to the variety of Dendrobium officinale, the hair of researchers has turned white in recent years.
After six years' efforts, experts from Zhejiang Food and Drug Inspection Institute finally believe that the flavonoid glycosides in Dendrobium candidum have certain specificity, and the peak area ratio of mannose to glucose and the monosaccharide content after hydrolysis in Dendrobium candidum have their own characteristics, which are different from other Dendrobium candidum. Therefore, in the new Pharmacopoeia 20 10, there are some inspection items such as TLC identification, peak area ratio of mannose to glucose, impurities, moisture, total ash, extract, etc., and the determination methods of polysaccharide and mannose are formulated, and the content determination methods of specificity identification and quality control are formulated.
In addition, the new standard can not only detect the authenticity of Dendrobium candidum, but also further control and identify the quality of Dendrobium candidum. Experts measured Dendrobium candidum samples from different producing areas, different years and different harvest periods, and finally determined that the harvest period of Dendrobium candidum was from June 1 1 day to March of the following year.
Director Zhu Ming said that the formulation of the national standard for Dendrobium candidum provides product quality assurance and inspection standards for Dendrobium candidum industry, which is conducive to protecting consumers' interests and promoting the healthy development of the industry. At the same time, the new standard has played a guiding role in the planting and harvesting of Dendrobium candidum, which can promote the development of planting industry, play a positive role in the standardized development of the whole industry, and will promote the healthy and benign development of the whole traditional Chinese medicine industry of Dendrobium candidum.
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