1. Variety selection: local chicken or hybrid chicken developed from local chicken should be selected. This kind of chicken not only keeps the advantages of good flavor of native eggs, but also has a higher production level than ordinary native chickens. Moreover, it has stronger disease resistance and faster growth rate than imported improved chickens, and overcomes the contradiction between high quality and low yield of native chickens and high yield and low quality of foreign chickens. For the purpose of selling live chickens, the feeding cycle of high-quality chickens is about 100 days, and the weight is 1.2- 1.5 kg. At this time, the chicken is nearly mature, the comb and feathers are full and shiny, the coat color and body shape are very close to those of pure native chicken, the meat is tender and delicious, and it is suitable for stewing, roasting and roasting. Laying eggs, the first choice is to raise green shell laying hens. If the selected green shell layers lay eggs 10 kg a year, the price of fresh eggs is more than 30% higher than that of foreign eggs.
2. Building a henhouse: choose a place with high terrain, dry, good drainage and a certain distance from the main road to build a henhouse. The henhouse is built under tall trees, among fruit trees or on the edge of woodland, facing south, and the pasture faces fruit trees and Woods. The henhouse adopts plastic shed. The width of the shed is 6 meters, and the length depends on the number of chickens raised. The inner layer at the top of the greenhouse is paved with drip-free plastic film, and a layer of 5- 10 cm thick straw is laid on it to form an insulation layer, which is covered with plastic film and fastened with nylon rope. The lower edges on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the plastic greenhouse can be rolled up or put down to adjust the room temperature and ventilation. The shed is padded with sand or short straw, and 6-8 chickens are raised per square meter. In order to prevent diseases, after raising several batches of chickens in one place, we can move to other places for reconstruction. Keep several groups of chickens in one place, and keep them away from each other. Don't set up a "chicken community" to avoid destroying the pasture vegetation due to the high density of chickens, causing the spread of diseases, or inadvertently causing a "burning camp".
3. Timing of brooding: For first-time chicken breeders, chickens can be raised in warmer spring. After gaining experience, it can be raised all year round. However, in order to help the products sell at a good price, the production of high-quality chickens should try to avoid the peak of local breeders and rural eggs. Don't put the products on the market on holidays, in case the products are too concentrated and the prices fall.
4. Key points of feed management:-It is the heat preservation of chicks. The temperature of chicks is required to be 32℃ in the first week, and then it will drop by 2-3℃ every week. The second is the scale of farming. About 500 heads are suitable for each group, and the larger the grazing area, the larger the number of groups can be. The third is timely immunization. Generally, Marek's vaccine, Newcastle disease vaccine and bursal disease vaccine should be vaccinated. Laying hens with long feeding period should also be vaccinated against infectious bronchitis, and chicken pox should be vaccinated in summer and autumn. Anti-dysentery and anti-coccidiosis drugs should be added to the feed of chicks at the stage. The fourth is the way of feeding. Grazing and feeding are the best. Within 40 days, chickens can be fed full-price ingredients in a shed, then grazed during the day and fed at night, so that the chickens can eat by themselves. When grazing chickens, it is necessary to prevent pesticide poisoning, heavy rain and animal injury. After entering the laying period, the natural light and artificial light supplement time should not be less than 16- 17 hours per day. The fifth is the product listing. After fresh eggs are produced, they should be stored in a cool place and sold as soon as possible. Otherwise, the quality of fresh eggs will decline with the extension of storage time. High-quality live chickens can be sold in time according to the weight, development degree and market situation of the market. Adding gravel to chicken feed is effective and has the following advantages: it can effectively improve the ability of chicken muscle stomach to grind feed; Can slow down the passage speed of food in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens; It can make digestive juice enter chyme more easily, promote nutrients to be better absorbed by the body, and improve the weight gain of broilers and the laying rate of laying hens. The gravel used for feeding chickens should be insoluble, siliceous or granite gravel, and the gravel size is 2 mm to 5 mm. What should the chickens do when taking a bath? When chicks just enter the brooding room and find a drinking place to drink, a small number of chicks often jump into the water to take a bath, and their feathers are all wet, especially in autumn and winter. Chickens will get sick and even die if they are not carefully managed. Practice shows that this is because the water temperature in the drinking fountain (close to the body temperature of chicks) is higher than that in the brooding room. How to correct chicken bathing? The water temperature in the water dispenser can be basically close to the temperature of the brooding room, and the temperature of the brooding room can also be relatively increased. In short, the water temperature of the water dispenser should be close to the brooding temperature (never higher than or close to the chicken's body temperature). In addition, the bathed chicks should be as close as possible to the heat source, warm and dry their feathers, and carefully managed. So 1 hour or so can overcome the bathing phenomenon of chickens. Chinese herbal medicine for laying hens' summer-damp cold The resistance of laying hens decreased under high temperature stress. If the feeding management is improper, it is easy to cause summer-dampness cold due to the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors. Stress should be avoided in chicken sterilization 1 Give chicken 0. 1% vitamin c or water-soluble multi-dimensional solution within 0/2 hours before and after disinfection. 2. Choose disinfectants with low irritation, high efficiency and low toxicity, such as 0.02% Baidusha and 0.2% Kangduwei. 3. Before spraying, the temperature in the shed should be 2℃~3℃ higher than the specified standard to prevent chickens from catching cold due to water evaporation. The temperature of disinfectant is also higher than the standard temperature in the house. 4. When spraying, the droplets should be fine, and the spraying amount should be based on the humidity of the chicken body and cage net. Don't spray too much and get too wet.
5. Disinfection time should be selected at night, when the lights are dim or when the chickens are quiet after turning off the lights, to prevent the chickens from being frightened during daytime operation, and the phenomenon of flapping and squeezing occurs. Chinese herbal medicine is used to treat ascites in broilers: mulberry bark, Alisma orientalis, dried tangerine peel, pericarpium Arecae, Akebia Akebia, Plantaginis each 30g, Polyporus umbellatus 20g, Cinnamomum cassia twig 20g, Poria cocos 60g, Astragalus membranaceus 60g, decocted in water 100 chicken. Chinese herbal medicine for egg drop syndrome: Coptidis Rhizoma, Cortex Phellodendri, Scutellariae Radix, Flos Lonicerae, Folium Isatidis, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Radix Isatidis each 50g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and Radix Baiyao each 30g, decocted in water to obtain 5 kg of medicinal juice, added with sugar 1 kg, and taken for 50 chickens for 3-5 doses. The Chinese herbal medicines for treating chicken gout are Alisma orientalis, Poria cocos, Plantago asiatica, Polygonum aviculare, Talcum powder and Scutellaria baicalensis, Poria cocos and Plantago asiatica, Grifola umbellata, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Lygodium japonicum, Foeniculum vulgare and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. After decocting in water, brown sugar is added. 1. Furazolidone is not suitable for drinking water. Adding 0.0 1% ~ 0.02% furazolidone to feed can prevent pullorum disease, avian typhoid and colibacillosis. And the therapeutic dose can be doubled. The dosage should be calculated accurately and stirred evenly to prevent poisoning. Some chicken farmers use furazolidone as drinking water, but furazolidone is almost insoluble in water, which is easy to precipitate in water, and the drinking water quantity of chickens varies greatly with temperature and feed humidity, so it is difficult to accurately grasp the dosage and is easy to be poisoned. 2. Potassium permanganate should not be mixed. Potassium permanganate can release new ecological oxygen after dissolving in water, so it has disinfection effect. Generally, the concentration of drinking water is 0.02% ~ 0.03%, and the concentration exceeding 0. 1% is irritating and corrosive, and may even cause poisoning. Potassium permanganate should be used for drinking water. Direct mixing of materials is harmful.
3. Don't use trichlorfon to deworm chickens. Trichlorfon is an animal repellent, which is safe and effective for pigs, cattle, horses and other livestock, but not safe for chickens. The reason is that trichlorfon belongs to organophosphorus drugs, and chicken is mostly in alkaline environment. Trichlorfon can produce highly volatile dichlorvos in alkaline liquid, and its toxicity is 10 times higher than that of trichlorfon. Chickens eat trichlorfon, which is easy to cause poisoning or death. If it is necessary to deworm chickens, you can choose Quchongling, taking 250 mg per kilogram of body weight, or using levamisole tablets, taking 10 ~ 20 mg per kilogram of body weight, and the effect is very good.
4. The henhouse can't be disinfected with quicklime. Many chicken farmers like to use quicklime as disinfectant and sprinkle it directly on the ground of chicken coops, which is unscientific. Because quicklime can stimulate the upper respiratory tract of chickens and cause respiratory diseases; If you use too much, being trampled by a chicken will cause your toes to burn; Some will be blown into the eyes of chickens by the wind, causing eye diseases; What's more, laying hens often lack calcium because of their high yield, and they peck a lot when they see lime. Quicklime reacts with water in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, producing strong alkali substances, and releasing a lot of heat to damage the digestive tract tissue of chickens, causing inflammation, edema or ulcer, which will seriously lead to death. Therefore, the henhouse should not be disinfected directly with quicklime.
5. Prevent oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, olaquindox and salt poisoning. Oxytetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is widely used in the prevention and treatment of some infectious diseases and digestive tract infections, but improper use often leads to poisoning. Usually the dosage is 0.02% ~ 0.08%, and the continuous medication time should not be too long, generally not exceeding 1 week, and every 20 ~ 30 days is a course of treatment; Sulfonamides are widely used in compound feed to prevent and treat coccidiosis, pullorum disease and fowl cholera. However, it is easy to cause poisoning if the dosage is too large or the drug is used continuously for a long time. When the concentration of sulfonamides in chicken feed is higher than 0.4%, it can also cause poisoning. Olaquindox, also known as Kuaiyuling, has good growth-promoting and antibacterial effects on poultry. It is one of the commonly used feed additives in chicken farms, and the addition amount is 25-30 parts per million. When used for antibacterial, it is 5 mg/kg body weight, twice a day. Excessive or long-term use will lead to poisoning. Salt is one of the indispensable substances in animals. Proper amount of salt can stimulate appetite, promote digestion and maintain the normal pH of body fluids. The appropriate amount of salt is 0.25% ~ 0.5% of chicken feed. When the intake is too high, it will cause poisoning. When the salt content in chicks' feed reaches 1% and adult chickens reach 3%, it will often cause a large number of deaths.