At ordinary times, you can look in front of the mirror, tilt your head back later, and observe whether there is obvious swelling beside the trachea at the lower front of the neck, and move up and down with swallowing. You can touch with your hands whether there is any obvious mass beside the trachea at the lower front of the neck. The most accurate examination method to judge goiter is color Doppler ultrasound, and goiter does not mean that everyone needs treatment.

Typical symptoms of goiter:

1. Eye symptoms: when the cervical sympathetic nerve is compressed, the ipsilateral pupil is dilated, and if it is severely compressed and paralyzed, the eyeball is sunken, the eyelid is ptosis and the pupil is narrowed;

2. dysphagia: dysphagia caused by esophageal compression is generally rare, and it is only seen between the esophagus and trachea, or the symptoms of persistent dysphagia often occur when there is malignant transformation.

3. Tone change: Stimulating symptoms such as hoarseness and spasmodic cough often appear at first when the recurrent laryngeal nerve is compressed, and severe hoarseness and aphonia often appear after the recurrent laryngeal nerve is paralyzed;

4. Congestion in the face and neck: Goiter often causes great blood vessels to be compressed and jugular vein to be compressed. At this time, congestion in the face and neck, such as gland enlargement, often compresses the trunk of great vein after sternum. If it is compressed, the venous blood in the head and neck will be blocked when the vena cava is superior, which may cause facial edema, curved holes in the jugular vein, edema and obvious curved holes in the chest skin and upper arm.

5. Dyspnea: It is more common, especially in patients with swollen goiter. If the trachea is compressed and the symptoms of shortness of breath are too large, the trachea can be displaced, bent or narrowed, thus causing serious dyspnea and goiter.