This is a collection of Lu Xun's essays recalling his childhood. "Chao" means morning, "Xi" means evening, and picking flowers at night in the morning is to recall the past as an adult.
Brief introduction of the author
Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a declining feudal family. China is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern times, and the founder of modern literature in China. Representative works include: Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, and the first use of the pseudonym "Lu Xun"; The novella The True Story of Ah Q, Collection of Memories Prose, Collection of Novels, Shout, Wandering, etc.
1881On September 25th, Mr. Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. The Zhou family is a big family, and it has been declining since Grandpa Lu Xun's generation. Lu Xun's father is a scholar, because he was dissatisfied with his career all his life, and he has never been admitted to juren. /kloc-when I was 0/2 years old, my grandfather went to prison because of a court case, and my father was seriously ill. /kloc-died at 0/5. During this time, as the eldest son of the family, Lu Xun planned to go in and out between pawn shops and pharmacies every day, deeply feeling the coldness of the current situation. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Lu Xun left his hometown, advanced to Nanjing Naval Academy, and then transferred to Railway Mining Academy. 1902, graduated with honors and went to Japan for further study. Two years later, he entered Sendai Medical College to study medicine. The slide incident made him deeply realize that it is more important to change China people's numb spirit than to heal their bodies, so he gave up medicine and went into literature. 1909 After Lu Xun returned to China, he taught in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places, and then worked in the Ministry of Education in Beijing. During this period, he witnessed the whole process of the Revolution of 1911 from victory to failure, and strengthened the understanding that the urgent task of China society is to transform the national character. 19 17 or so, the new culture movement and the literary revolution have been advocated, and Lu Xun began to write. With the publication of Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel, a large number of literary works were created out of control.
brief introduction
This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Reviving the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, and added "introduction" and "postscript", renamed it "Morning Flowers". 1928 September was first published by Beijing Weiming Society and listed as one of the "unnamed new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929. 1September, 932, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao.
These ten essays are Memoirs of Memories (preface to selected works of three leisure collections), which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and are important artistic documents for studying Lu Xun's early ideological life and society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose.
Regarding the translation of this book, Lu Xun said in a letter to Masuda on April 1934 1 1: "If there is a place for publication, it is good to translate it, but there are too many customs and trivial things about China, which are not easy to understand without annotations, and it is also boring to read with too many annotations." In his letter to Masuda on February 2 1934/KLOC-0, Lu Xun mentioned that Masuda and Haruko Sato jointly translated Selected Works of Lu Xun, saying, "Only Mr. Fujino, please translate and supplement. Fan Ainong writes badly, so it is better to give up what he loves. "
From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", Mr. Fujino and other articles in the book were selected into middle school Chinese textbooks.
Writing background
When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to live a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I wrote many prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before his tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening".
1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Lock, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning.
Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.
catalogue
Silver
Dogs, cats and mice
A Chang and Shan Hai Jing
Twenty-four filial piety pictures
Wuzanghui
changeable
From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue
Father's illness
Trivial notes
Mr. Fujino
Fan Ainong.
Main content and theme idea
"Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life.
Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feeling of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, and vividly exposed the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety.
It exposes the poor five-cabin club of China children-the five-cabin club is a god-welcoming competition, which is a festival of my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.
Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time.
From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue —— Describing the fun of being comfortable in Baicao Garden and the boring life of studying in San Tan Yin Yue when I was a child, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interests and feudal bookcase education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.
"Father's illness"-his father was killed by a quack, has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.
"Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.
"Fan Ainong"-traces several life segments that the author contacted with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China, describes Fan Ainong's experience of being dissatisfied with the dark society before the revolution, pursuing the revolution, and being persecuted after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.
Character image
The four main characters in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers are the author's nanny, teacher, friend and father.
Big mother-has a foolish and superstitious side, but has a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their beauty and kindness.
Mr. Fujino, a foreign medical professor, is respected for his simple and great personality because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the study of people in weak countries. Everything he does is ordinary. If you don't imagine Lu Xun's situation at that time, it is difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.
Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, was unable to gain a foothold in the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide.
Father-My father once puzzled Lu Xun when he was a child, because when he was going to see the Wuxianghui in high spirits, he was ordered to endorse it. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. We felt the deep love of Lu Xun.
Means of artistic expression
1, narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herb Garden is fascinating.
2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality and insert some "essays" (that is, comment on the reality) from time to time, showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. Such as "dog? Cat? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality.
3, long-term intake of small details in life, see the big with small, write the charm of people and characters, and write the essence of events. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life.
The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in "Father", the process of quack practicing medicine is explained in detail, and there is no positive accusation and irony, but between the lines, the author's angry criticism and irony are everywhere.
The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of mood before and after; By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. "Dog? Cat? The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.
Brief Introduction to Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening
Lu Xun
I often want to find a little leisure in confusion, but it's really not easy. At present, it is so bizarre, and my heart is so complicated. When a person only has memories, his life will probably be boring forever, but sometimes he has no memories. China's articles are standard, but the world is still spiral. When I left Sun Yat-sen University the other day, I remembered leaving Xiamen University four months ago. Hearing the chirping of planes overhead, I remembered the scene of planes hovering over Beijing every day a year ago. At that time, I also wrote a short article called Yi Jue.
Now, even this "sleep" is gone.
The weather in Guangzhou is really hot early, and the sunset enters from the west window, forcing people to barely put on a thin coat. A pot of "water branches" on the desk is something I have never seen before: it is just a section of tree, and its branches and leaves are lovely as long as they are immersed in water. Look at the green leaves, edit the old manuscript, and finally make a difference. Doing this kind of thing is really a day to live and a year to die, which can drive away the heat.
The day before yesterday, Weeds was edited. This time, it was my turn to bring up the past in Mangyuan, and I also changed his name: cordate telosma. Flowers with dew are much better, but I can't. Even if it's strange in my mind now, I can't make him become a strange essay in an instant. In other words, when he looks up at the clouds, he will blink in front of me.
Once, I recalled many times the fruits and vegetables I ate in my hometown when I was a child: water chestnut, arhat bean, water bamboo and wax gourd. These are extremely delicious; Used to be the temptation to make me homesick. Later, I tasted it after a long separation, and that's it; Just in memory, there are old meanings. They may lie to me for the rest of my life and keep me looking back. These ten articles were copied from memory, which may be somewhat different from the actual content, but I only remember these now. The style is probably very messy, because I dropped out of school after writing for nine months. The environment is different: the first two articles are written under the east wall of Beijing apartment; Three of them are in displacement, and the places are hospitals and carpenters' rooms; The last five articles are upstairs in the library of Xiamen University, and have been pushed out by scholars.
1 may, 9271day, Lu Xun wrote in Guangzhou Baiyun building.
postscript
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a collection of essays written by Lu Xun. The author said that these articles were "copied from memory" and "recalled". At first, it was published in the semi-monthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "recalling the past". 1928 When it assembled in September, it was renamed as "Morning Flowers and Late Picking".
Spend early and spend late * * * earned 10 works. Including: dogs, cats and mice, hate and hate cats; I miss my big mother's Chang and Shan Hai Jing; Twenty-four filial piety pictures criticized the feudal concept of filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; Write Jason Wu's "From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue"; Expose the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who was down and out all his life.
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society.
With regard to the couplets of "flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening", it is hard to take off your cold clothes because you can't bear to drink sanhua alone. Who is the original reading? /luxun/zhxs/ The work "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" describes the author's childhood life and the course of studying as a teenager, recalls those unforgettable people and events, and expresses his nostalgia for his relatives and teachers in the past. In the narrative and discussion, the work attacked and mocked the reactionary conservative forces.