The artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis mainly depends on the preparation of strains and insects. The biggest difficulty is the source of insects. At present, insects mainly rely on wild collection, and there are still some difficulties in artificial breeding of this insect, which restricts the progress of artificial cultivation.
1, strain:
The cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis must first have excellent pure strains. At present, there are many varieties in China. First, we must choose strains with high purity, no miscellaneous bacteria and no aging; Second, we should choose varieties with strong infectivity and strong vitality, which can quickly infect insects, get sick and die; Third, it is necessary to choose varieties with wide adaptability, especially those with certain resistance to environmental humidity changes and other miscellaneous bacterial infections.
2. Insects: Insects mainly use bat moth larvae as hosts of Cordyceps sinensis, and can also use silkworm and tussah as hosts. The larvae must be alive, large and obese, and the number depends on their own cultivation. Generally, they need larvae1000g per square meter, one mother species and 50 liters of fine sand.
3. Environment: Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis can be done regardless of altitude, and the key depends on temperature. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of medium-low temperature fungus. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth and reproduction is 5~32℃, the most suitable temperature is 12~ 18℃, and the suitable temperature for sclerotia and daughter formation is 10~25℃. As long as this temperature range can be met, it can be cultivated.
4. Cultivation season: Using natural temperature, it can be planted twice a year, from March to May in spring and from 9- 1 1 month in autumn. If the indoor temperature is controlled, it can be cultivated all year round, and the growth period can be shortened. Make full use of natural temperature and hold the cultivation season well, which can reduce the production cost. There are many ways to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis, one is to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis with insects, and the other is to directly cultivate grass with rice, PDA medium or other solid medium, which has the same function as Cordyceps sinensis. During cultivation, we can carry out indoor bottle cultivation, box cultivation, bed cultivation, open field cultivation, etc., and choose any method according to our own conditions. No matter which method, we must cultivate bacteria and insects before cultivation, so that the insects can be infected with this "virus" bacteria solution before they enter the soil, and they are seriously ill when they enter the soil, so it is not suitable for crawling around, which is conducive to early death, quick emergence and uniform growth. The cultivation method of bacteria and insects is to spray the prepared liquid strain on the larvae with a sprayer, or spray the bacterial liquid on the mulberry leaves, and infect the germs after eating. The spraying amount should be twice a day when it gets wet every time. After three days, this bacterial liquid infects the worms and infects the germs, so that the larvae are slow to move and are in a coma, and then they can be cultivated.
1 Bottle cultivation: Bottle cultivation is suitable for home cultivation. After ordinary can bottles are washed, the bottles are first padded with 2.5-3cm of fine sand, and the soil water content reaches 60%. Then, the larvae infected with bacterial liquid are placed on them, and it is advisable to put two in each bottle. It is required that the two larvae do not get close to each other, and their ventral faces are downward, and they are stretched out, and the fine sand is covered with 3cm, so as to slightly flatten the surface.
2, box cultivation: box cultivation is also suitable for family cultivation, can use large and small wooden boxes, wooden pots, plastic pots for cultivation. There should be a plastic film at the bottom and around the wooden box to prevent water loss. First, spread the fine sand with a thickness of 5-7cm, then evenly put the bacteria and insects, with a distance of 2-3cm between each insect, and cover it with sand for 3-5cm. The surface of the wooden box is arched with a plastic film to keep moisture. In order to save space, the wooden box can be overlapped.
3. Bed cultivation: Bed frame cultivation is a development mode of mass production, which is generally suitable for indoor use. Indoor and outdoor shelf cultivation can be fully utilized to save space. The bed frame is made of bamboo and wood according to its own room design, and the four sides of each floor are 1 2 cm high for retaining soil. During cultivation, a plastic film is spread first, and then fine sand is poured.