upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
Upper respiratory tract infection refers to respiratory tract inflammation from nasal cavity to throat, and it is the most common infectious disease.
Upper respiratory tract infection in a broad sense is not a disease, but a group of diseases, including common cold, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis and tonsillitis. The narrow sense of dry infection of the upper respiratory tract is the common cold, which has a high incidence and is mostly self-limited, and generally recovers in 5-7 days. About 90% of upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, and bacterial infections are often secondary to viral infections. The disease can occur in all seasons and at any age.
Acute upper respiratory tract infection
Acute upper respiratory tract infection refers to acute inflammation of nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx, which is the most common infectious disease, and can occur in all seasons and at any age. Children are more prone to acute upper respiratory tract infection because of their low immunity.
About 70%-80% of acute upper respiratory infection is caused by virus, and another 20%-30% is caused by bacteria, which can be spread by droplets containing pathogens or contaminated utensils. Acute upper respiratory tract infection is usually mild, self-healing, good prognosis, generally 5-7 days can be cured.
Upper respiratory tract infection cough
Cough caused by upper respiratory tract infection is mostly caused by virus, and a few are caused by bacteria or mycoplasma pneumoniae. Common viruses include respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza or influenza virus. Bacteria include hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococci and Haemophilus influenzae, and most of them are secondary to virus infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is between virus and bacteria.
There are various inducing factors, such as immune function, nutritional status and environmental impact. Infants with congenital heart disease, malnutrition, chronic diarrhea, rickets and low immune function are prone to illness. When the weather changes suddenly or the air is polluted, the number of children with colds will increase significantly. The living environment is humid, stuffy, crowded, poorly ventilated, and forced to smoke second-hand smoke, which is also easy to cause upper respiratory tract infection and cough in infants.
Lower respiratory tract infection
Lower respiratory tract infection refers to infection below the glottis, including trachea and bronchus. Lower respiratory tract infections include acute tracheobronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiectasis. It is caused by microbial infection such as virus, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia and Legionella. The lower respiratory tract is not only a pipeline through which air passes, but also has the functions of defense, removing foreign bodies and regulating air temperature and humidity.
Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease, so it is necessary to make clear the pathogen that causes the infection in order to choose effective antibiotics. There are more and more antibiotics to choose from in clinic, and the number of drug-resistant strains is also increasing obviously. Due to the application of high-dose cephalosporins, nosocomial infections, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus infections, are increasing. The progress of serology and molecular biology research has greatly improved people's understanding of mycoplasma, chlamydia or Legionella infection. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides have attracted people's attention.
Viral respiratory tract infection
Viral respiratory infection can be treated with medicine, so what medicine should be taken for viral respiratory infection?
Viral respiratory tract infection can use heat-clearing and detoxicating drugs or antiviral drugs, including Qingkailing and Pudilan, and antiviral drugs including oseltamivir, zanamivir and Abidor. At the same time, symptomatic treatment should be given. If the patient has fever and the body temperature exceeds 38.5℃, it is recommended to use antipyretic drugs, such as Merrill Lynch, paracetamol and loxoprofen sodium. If the patient's body temperature is lower than 38.5℃, physical cooling is the main method in clinic, such as warm water bath.
Once the patient's cough is severe, which affects rest and sleep, antitussive drugs can be used, such as compound licorice tablets, strong loquat dew, feilike mixture, dextromethorphan and so on. If the patient can't cough up phlegm, expectorant drugs can be used, such as ambroxol, eucalyptus, acetylcysteine and so on.
Viral upper respiratory tract infection
It takes time for viral upper respiratory tract infection to heal, so how long will it take for viral upper respiratory tract infection to heal?
Viral respiratory infection can be related to the infection site for several days. Acute viral upper respiratory tract infection and natural course of disease are 7 ~10 days, and the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection are often basically relieved or significantly improved after 7 ~10. For example, acute tracheobronchitis and viral acute bronchitis are self-limited, and the natural course of disease is generally 2-3 weeks. If the patient coughs and expectorates, the symptoms can be extended to 2-3 weeks.
We should know that viral upper respiratory tract infection refers to acute upper respiratory tract infection caused by virus invading nose, pharynx, tonsils and throat. It can occur all year round, and each person can get sick several times a year. Common viruses include rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc., and often it is aggravated by bacterial infection.
Recurrent respiratory tract infection
Respiratory tract infection has recurrent respiratory tract infection, so what is the diagnostic standard of recurrent respiratory tract infection?
Recurrent respiratory tract infection means that the number of patients with upper respiratory tract infection or lower respiratory tract infection frequently exceeds the normal range in a year. The diagnostic criteria are as follows: children aged 0 to 2 years have more than seven upper respiratory tract infections and more than three lower respiratory tract infections every year. Children aged three to five have more than six upper respiratory tract infections and more than two lower respiratory tract infections every year. Children over six years old have more than five upper respiratory tract infections and more than two lower respiratory tract infections every year. If the above diagnostic criteria are combined, it can be diagnosed as recurrent respiratory tract infection.
According to age, potential causes and different locations, recurrent respiratory tract infections can be divided into recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, and the latter can be divided into recurrent tracheobronchitis and recurrent pneumonia. The concretization of the infection site is helpful to analyze the causes and take corresponding treatment measures, and it is emphasized that repeated upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially repeated tracheobronchitis and repeated pneumonia, should distinguish infectious inflammation from allergic inflammation.
Respiratory virus infection
Respiratory virus infection is difficult to cure itself, so what medicine should I take for respiratory virus infection?
Respiratory viral infection can use heat-clearing and detoxicating drugs or antiviral drugs, including Qingkailing and Pudilan, and antiviral drugs including oseltamivir, zanamivir and Abidor. At the same time, symptomatic treatment should be given. If the patient has fever and the body temperature exceeds 38.5℃, it is recommended to use antipyretic drugs, such as Merrill Lynch, paracetamol and loxoprofen sodium.
If the patient's body temperature is lower than 38.5℃, physical cooling is the main method in clinic, such as warm water bath. If the patient's cough is severe, which affects rest and sleep, antitussive drugs can be used, such as compound licorice tablets, strong loquat dew, feilike mixture, dextromethorphan and so on. If the patient can't cough up phlegm, expectorant drugs can be used, such as ambroxol, eucalyptus, acetylcysteine and so on.
What to eat for respiratory tract infection?
Respiratory infection can cause cough symptoms, so what should I eat quickly for respiratory infection?
Respiratory infection is generally caused by bacteria and viruses. During respiratory infection, we can eat the following foods and medicines: First, we can eat more fresh vegetables, such as celery, rape and lettuce, which contain a lot of crude fiber, vitamins and trace elements, which are beneficial to digestion, enhance resistance and disease resistance, and do not increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
Secondly, you can eat pears, apples, etc. Pears and apples are cool and sweet, which have the function of clearing heat, removing phlegm and relieving cough, and can be a good adjuvant treatment for lower respiratory tract infections. At the same time, you can also take traditional Chinese medicines such as Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, Fructus Trichosanthis, Cortex Mori, and Semen Lepidii. The combination of the above traditional Chinese medicines can be decocted in water, which is beneficial to the treatment of respiratory tract infection.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection
Respiratory syncytial virus infection is related, so what are the symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infection?
Patients are infected by respiratory syncytial virus in daily life, and the main symptoms are body fever or high fever. Patients also have symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, dry and itchy throat or sore throat, and symptoms such as poor appetite, poor spirit, fatigue and drowsiness. If these symptoms appear, they should go to a regular hospital for detailed examination and find out the specific reasons before giving targeted treatment.
During this period, patients must drink more warm water. Drinking more warm water can effectively promote the faster excretion of viruses and the faster recovery of diseases. Patients should also keep indoor ventilation, avoid dry air, and ensure that adequate sleep and rest can effectively prevent the symptoms of diseases from getting worse. In terms of diet, they should also have a light diet, and a low-salt and low-fat diet can promote the faster recovery of diseases.
acute respiratory infection
It takes time for acute respiratory infection to get better, so how many days will it usually get better?
Acute upper respiratory tract infection, referred to as upper respiratory tract infection for short, includes acute inflammation of nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx, and its pathogenic bacteria are mostly viruses, but rarely bacteria. The general course of the disease is about 5-7 days. If it doesn't improve in 5-7 days, consider the possibility of secondary infection. In clinic, the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection is mainly based on symptomatic treatment, usually pay more attention to rest, drink water, keep indoor air circulation and prevent secondary bacterial infection. Antiviral drugs can be selected, and there is no specific antiviral drug at present.
For patients with immunodeficiency, antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir, can be selected. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxification can be used for symptomatic treatment, and antibiotics can be added for symptomatic treatment if the patient has the possibility of bacterial infection.
Repeated infection of upper respiratory tract
Repeated upper respiratory tract infections are common in life, so what about repeated upper respiratory tract infections?
If the recurrent infection of upper respiratory tract is due to the decline of immune function, pidotimod or transfer factor can be taken orally to improve the immunity of the body. At ordinary times, we should also pay attention to rest, drink more water, eat more vegetables or fruits, and when patients have recurrent symptoms of respiratory tract infection, we should improve the relevant examination and take targeted treatment according to the examination results.
If the recurrent infection of upper respiratory tract is virus infection, it can be treated with Qingkailing, Pudilan, or antiviral oseltamivir and other related drugs. When the patient is caused by bacterial infection, then it is necessary to use related antibiotics for treatment; If the patient is infected by atypical pathogens, we need to use macrolides or quinolones.
What medicine does upper respiratory tract infection cough take
It is more convenient to take medicine for upper respiratory tract infection and cough, so what medicine is effective for upper respiratory tract infection and cough?
Patients have upper respiratory tract infection and cough, which is more common in clinic. The cause is unclear, which may be related to the decline of patients' resistance and the virus and bacterial infection caused by catching cold, and it needs active treatment and adjustment. It is suggested that patients take Ganmao Qingre Granule, antiviral oral liquid, Kebiqing, Zhike Huatan Granule, amoxicillin and cefixime capsules for active treatment.
In fact, the cold of traditional Chinese medicine is equivalent to the upper respiratory tract infection of modern medicine, and there may be some symptoms such as cough, stuffy nose and runny nose, sore throat, limb pain and weakness, loss of appetite and so on. If western medicine is used for dry cough, dextromethorphan hydrobromide oral liquid can be used, ambroxol oral liquid can be used for cough with excessive phlegm, and Chinese patent medicines can choose Siraitia grosvenorii cough tablets and cold cough tablets as appropriate.
Upper respiratory tract infection dizziness
Some people's upper respiratory tract infection is accompanied by dizziness and fatigue, so what about dizziness and fatigue of upper respiratory tract infection?
Upper respiratory tract infection can cause dizziness and fatigue. In the case of upper respiratory tract infection, it can lead to general fatigue or slight cough. At this time, appropriate treatment with some cephalosporins or amoxicillin drugs can effectively relieve symptoms. At the same time, it can also be combined with some Qingkailing capsules, and the symptoms can be effectively alleviated.
During the course of upper respiratory tract infection, the most common local manifestations are nasal congestion, sneezing and runny nose. The baby may choose to open his mouth to breathe because his nose is blocked, and will refuse to suck during this period. Older children will say that they have a sore throat, which is more obvious when swallowing, and most of them have symptoms of cough.