Kinuo dress, with this nation's specially woven dress cloth and skirt cloth sewing, dress on the pattern pattern, in the weaving of the cloth has made a skillful arrangement, wherever can be weaved out of the pattern are weaved in the weaving of the cloth when weaving on the cloth. Therefore, there is a distinction between blouse cloth and skirt cloth, which are generally not to be mixed. Traditional clothing, white and black as the basic color, because of the backwardness of the textile technology, the weaving of the cotton cloth lacks the feeling of compactness and smoothness, similar to linen. Keno people love embroidery pattern, no recognition of men's and women's clothing love to use horizontal and straight colorful stripes and geometric pattern decoration. Men's tops are collarless, unbuttoned button-down shirts, sewn with white cloth woven with crisscrossed colorful stripes. The upper part of the shirt above the chest is strongly lined with colorful strips, and the horizontal strips are very colorful and conspicuous. On the back of the shirt, there is a 6-inch square pattern in the center of the countryside, surrounded by radioactive lines, opening like a sunflower. But there is also the sun emitting light. Jinuo language called this pattern for "Polo Apo", the meaning of the sun flower and the moon flower. The edge of the lapel, the base of the sleeves, the elbows and the cuffs of the sleeves, etc., are decorated with a number of horizontal strips of color that are very conspicuous. The white blouse is decorated with specially woven patterns and red, yellow, blue, and black colored stripes to form a brightly colored flowery garment.
The men's pants are wide-crotched, fat-barreled white pants with the same horizontal red, black, and white interlocking colored stripes along the hems of the pants. A 3-inch-long opening on each side of the wide waist of the pants is sewn with a four-square piece of black cloth. The white pants are folded in front of the belly and tied at the waist with a belt decorated with colored tassels. The man has three handfuls of long hair on his head, which is wrapped in a black turban more than 1 meter long. There are foot wraps around the lower legs. Men's clothes are thick and loose, worn on the body to enhance the man's sturdy, strong posture. Women with woven with colorful strips, plus embroidered patterns of cloth binding chest. Tops are mostly green, black, collarless, lapel, intentionally red, yellow, black, white colored horizontal strips decorated with lapel edges and sleeves. All women, young and old, wear knee-length, white top and black bottom aprons, decorated with red stripes along the skirt, which are tied around the waist in front of the abdomen. Adult women head weaving with vertical color strips of the pointed triangular white cloth cap, both sides of the cap corner drooping draped over the shoulders, forehead parts of the cap brim turned out, open as a bail pointed white Shau Kei buckle on the back of the head. Unmarried women good pull hair on the back of the head, married women pull hair on the top of the gum forehead. Women's attire, simple and simple through the elegant, so that the kino girls appear chu chu moving.
The distinctive feature of Kino clothing is the use of colored stripes to decorate the sleeve and lapel edges and back. People with colorful stripes decorated clothing, it is said that the rainbow in the sky related. Folk legend has it that in ancient times, there was a pair of Kino men and women who died in love with each other and were hard to part with each other. A vicious rich man saw that the girl is beautiful, suddenly had bad intentions, with a plan to snatch the girl, forcing her to get married. The girl did not comply, was beaten all over the body, dead and alive. Her lover went through a lot of trouble to rescue the girl. The two of them escaped from the tiger's mouth, but the rich man came after them, and the young man fell to the ground with several arrows in his legs. Catastrophe at the end of the time, the sky appeared several rainbows wrapped around the lovers, released colorful light forced back the rich man, a pair of lovers in the rainbow surrounded by the sky, rising up into the air ....... Therefore, the descendants in sewing clothes, they will use colorful strips of dark allegory rainbow, in order to be auspicious and free from disaster.
2. Kunming Folkways and Folklore
Kunming is a multi-ethnic convergence of the city, the world's 26 ethnic groups, the formation of the village or mixed village streets of Han, Yi, Hui, Bai, Miao, Hani, Zhuang, Dai, Lisu and other ethnic groups. In the long-term production and life, the various ethnic groups not only influence each other, integration, while maintaining their own ethnic traditions, the continuation of a number of unique ways of life, folk customs and cultural arts. Living in the Kunming area of the compatriots of all nationalities hospitality, singing and dancing, simple folk, whether it is the etiquette of its hospitality, the unique flavor of the diet, colorful clothing, or different styles of residential architecture, interesting marriage, can make people feel the distinctive national characteristics.
Among the many ethnic festivals, the "Torch Festival" of the Yi, the "March Street" and "Three Spirits" of the Bai, the "Water Splashing Festival" of the Dai, and the "Bathing Water Festival" of the Dai, are all celebrated. Water Splashing Festival", the Miao nationality's "tread flower mountain", the Lisu nationality's "knife pole festival" and so on is famous, festival activities are colorful. Every festival, people of all ethnic groups will wear their own hand-embroidered and dyed ethnic dresses and gather together from all directions to hold wrestling, bullfighting, song-singing and other activities. According to the season of the year, many customs are very popular among the people, such as the Xishan Tunes Festival on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, the Spring Treading in the Golden Temple on the ninth day of the first month, the Luofeng Mountaineering on the ninth day of the ninth month, and the Great Moon Viewing on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
There are many kinds of local arts and culture in Kunming, such as Dian Opera, lanterns, Kunqu Opera, folk songs and ditties, as well as ethnic minority dramas, folk narrative poems, folk legends, etc., which have been developed and celebrated over hundreds of years and are popular among the general public.
3. Buyei Tutelage Tutelage is a way for the older generation to teach their own ethnic ethics to the younger generation, which can also be called family training. The Buyei believe that, "Poor tutelage; woe to the children and grandchildren."
Buyi people's politeness and hospitality, frugality and humility, respect for the old and love for the young, and support for the good and the bad are cultivated by the old generation's strict self-discipline and hard-earned teachings. Buyei old man often self-criticism: "clan prosperous family prosperity all rely on people, the tree leaves all rely on the root."
Prior to the founding of the People's Republic of China, very few Buyis were enrolled in school, and from birth to death, they all lived within the boundaries of the family. Therefore, the Buyei family is the educational base for the lifetime of their children, and tutoring is a lifelong way of education.
The Buyei's tutelage begins at an early age. "If you don't wrench at a young age, you will be bent at a big age" and "If you don't teach and talk, you will be corrupted in the world" are the words of the old man who warns the young parents. Young parents are always in accordance with the code of conduct handed down from the old generation, with a loving attitude, try to teach by example to let the child implicitly, not let the child get into the bad habits of pride, laziness, greed. They teach their children. "Stretcher to bundle tight, do things to understand the etiquette", "Bean people do not read, readers are not naive", "spiritual people to fight for time, naive people mixing time", "Gallery Sugar Water dripping from the old nest, the younger generation follows the older generation to learn."
Elderly people's education to young people, focusing on how to behave. For example: "Do not eat too much food, do not talk too much", "parents stay shallow to eat shallow, do not rob people to eat; parents stay deep to eat deep, do not pit people to eat", "to communicate with each other to talk straight, do things in the first etiquette ", "Help your neighbors when they are in trouble, and support your family when the sky is falling", "Don't be too rich in the right way, and don't touch the money you don't deserve", "Be honest and take care of them, but don't help the spiritual ones. "
These are the most important of all the things you need to know about the world.
The traditional Buyei family practiced patriarchy, with the oldest person as the head. There are many families with three or four generations in the same house, which provides soil and conditions for family education. The Buyei people in the outside work or official, the old man's admonition language: "for the official eunuchs to be aware of the culture, do the official to ballast the king's law", "the river can see the bottom of the clear, the official can see the heart of the clear", "when the official does not know enough, the eyes of the people cry! ". ......
The Buyei people have generations of tutelage tradition. When the bride was married, her mother to sing "the marriage training women" education bride "...... heaven God is everyone's day, parents are their own day, good food to leave the in-laws, you do not stay people say you wood know the rituals. ......"
Buyi old people dying of illness, the Walled City prestigious elders to replace the dying old man to his children sing "last song". The admonition to the descendants of the old man's legacy "brothers to share with each other ...... sisters to share with each other, the heart is narrow do not quarrel, the heart hate also do not fight, lest in front of the old man to lose face, but also lest in front of friends to lose face."
Extended family life often allows the younger generation to witness what the elderly do, and parents often set an example for the next generation. The old man's mistakes, and often ask the next to make up. This kind of continuous improvement of the family education, the benefit of the tribe and the people, the benefit of the country and the family, the world created a large number of outstanding children of the Buyi - Luo Ping County, Zhongshan Township, Xiaodejiang village of Li Qi, grew up under the influence of the Buyi family education, hardworking and simple, and courageous. 40 early had led the young people to the landlord and the shady gentry to carry out the liquidation of the struggle. After joining the guerrillas and party organizations, he undertook logistical work, traveled to villages and villages, and raised food and money. When the troops went out to open up new areas, he was often ready to arrange food and lodging for the troops before they arrived at their destination, and he worked hard for many years. Li Jiaqi unfortunately fell into the clutches of the enemy's torture, strong and courageous, and finally by the enemy to cut the tongue, skinning, cramps, heroic sacrifice. Showed a Buyei **** production party members of the noble temperament.
The Buyei daughter Xiong Xiufen, who has served as deputy governor of Luoping County for the eighth, ninth and tenth terms, has a life of integrity and self-discipline, a simple life, conscientious work, and easy-going. When the deputy governor, in charge of cadres and personnel work, while the lover is a farmer. Bear although her husband's deep emotions, but not because of their own hands have the power to arrange jobs for their husbands. Before her death, several people in charge of the county asked her to make a personal request. She only asked that after her death, the funeral be kept simple. Asked her husband, children need to take care of anything, Xiong Vice Governor was silent for a while, before answering: "My lover is a good old man, in the countryside accustomed to, hardworking and quick hands. The county government hospitality center has a lot of chores, often looking for temporary workers. During the busy season of the hospitality center, please let him give priority to come to the hospitality center as a temporary worker."
The Buyei tutelage is one of China's valuable moral heritages. If those who are officials can be familiar with and accept some Buyei family teachings, they can be saved from being trapped in the mire of corruption and sin; if those who work for the people can be familiar with and accept some Buyei family teachings, they can turn themselves into a civilized and kind-hearted person.
4. Miao Folklore
The ancestors of the Miao people lived in the "Five Streams" area during the Qin and Han Dynasties, i.e., western Hunan and eastern Guizhou today. In the ancient Chinese texts, there have been records of the Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago, which are the clans and tribes from the Yellow River basin to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River known as the "Southern Barbarians". The Hmong have a long history, and their ancestors may have been part of the ancient Sannan. It is said to have originated from the "Mane" people in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they mainly lived in the western Hunan and eastern Guizhou area, including the name of "Changsha and Wuling" or "Wuxi Barbarians", and then gradually migrated and scattered in the mountainous areas of southwest China. It is also believed to be related to the ancient "Jiu Li". Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan Miao so far Chi as their ancestors. Legend has it that Chi You is the "Nine Li" of the king, 5000 years ago, the Nine Li tribe and the Yellow Emperor tribal conflict, defeat and exit the lower reaches of the Yellow River, occupying the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Gradually formed "three Miao". After the 2nd century BC, most of the Miao ancestors moved to Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. The Miao in Hainan were soldiers from Guangxi in the 16th century.
The Miao mainly live in the southeastern part of Guizhou Province, the Damiao Mountains in Guangxi, Hainan Island, and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces and districts, population: 970,000. The Miao have a long history. In ancient Chinese texts, there are records about the ancestors of the Miao more than 5,000 years ago, which are the clans and tribes from the Yellow River basin to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River known as the "Southern Barbarians". The Miao do not have a written language, and the Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of the Miao-Yao language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao people live in the high mountains, mainly agricultural, crops include dry rice. Baogu, buckwheat, potatoes and beans, cash crops are hemp, usually their own hemp, their own textile. The Miao people have a rich oral folk literature, such as ancient songs, poems, love songs and so on. The Miao people are also good at dancing, and the Lusheng dance is the most popular.
The Miao people of Yunnan have a population of 907,000, accounting for 12.2% of China's Miao population. They mainly live in the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaotong District, and the counties of Wuding and Luquan. The Miao have their own language and script.
The Miao have their own language, the Miao language is divided into three major dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan. 1956 after the design of the Latin alphabet form of writing program. Because of the long history of interaction between the Miao and Han Chinese, a large proportion of the Miao are fluent in both Chinese and Chinese.
The Miao region is mainly agricultural, supplemented by hunting. The Miao's arts and crafts, such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade weaving, batik, paper-cutting, and jewelry making, are magnificent and colorful, and are famous both at home and abroad. Among them, the batik craft of the Miao has a thousand-year history. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which are comparable to those of any other ethnic group in the world. The Miao are an ethnic group that can sing and dance well, and are especially famous for their love songs and wine songs. The Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of the Miao people.
The Miao are known for their ability to sing and dance, and their folk songs are especially rich. On the second day of the first month of the lunar calendar or on May 5 of the Flower Mountain Festival (i.e., Stomping on the Flower Mountain), young men and women gather together to stomp on the drums, dance with the reed-sheng, sing songs of love, and seek a spouse, while holding the Climbing Flower Pole and Doojang competitions. The Miao people specialize in linen weaving, embroidery and batik, and their craftsmanship is exquisite, which is highly praised both at home and abroad. Young men and women like to wear "five-colored clothes", which is a collection of batik and embroidery in one, splendid and colorful. The Hmong are mainly engaged in family business. In the past, hunting was a major sideline, and bows and muskets were often used to hunt for prey, with the distribution method of "shooting birds across the mountains and giving them a share to those who see them". Some Hmong believe in folk polytheism and Christianity.
1Shaanxi: Mutton steamed bun is the flavor of Shaanxi, especially Xi'an's most famous. It is heavy and flavorful, with thick meat broth, smooth tendons and aroma, and after eating, it has no aftertaste and has the function of warming up the stomach. Mutton meat steamed buns were called "mutton soup" in ancient times, and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote the poem "Longzhuan has bear wax, and Qin cooks only mutton soup". Legend has it that beef and mutton soup evolved on the basis of the ancient "beef and mutton soup" in the 11th century BC. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, "beef and mutton soup" was listed as the "ceremonial food" for kings and lords. According to the Book of Song, during the North and South Dynasties, Mao Xiuzhi was offered to Emperor Wu of Song for the excellent flavor of beef and goat soup, and Emperor Wu was awarded the title of Taiguan Shi, and was later promoted to Guanglu Daifu of Shangshu.
2 Beijing: spring cake. Every year on the day of spring, Beijing people have to eat spring cake, called "bite spring". The custom of eating spring cakes, a long history. The Ming Palace History - Diet Good Shang" recorded: "one day before the spring, Shun Tianfu Street, outside the Dongzhimen, where the relatives, courtiers, officials, warriors ...... to the next day when the spring, no noble and lowly are chewing radish, called 'Bite Spring', mutual feast and eat spring cakes and vegetables." This custom can be traced back to Jin, and the rise in the Tang. Also pay attention to eat and vegetables, that is, with the heart of seasonal vegetables, such as leeks, spinach and other shredded, called fried and vegetables. Some places also pay attention to the sauce belly shredded chicken and other cooked meat sandwiched in the spring pancake. Eat spring pancakes pay attention to and vegetables wrapped up, eat from the beginning to the end, called "head and tail", take the meaning of good luck. Eat spring pancakes, the whole family sitting around together, the branded spring pancakes in the steamer, eat as you take, in order to eat a hot.
The culture of the Central Plains is profound and has a long history. From the surface, she is a kind of regional culture, from the deep, she is not a general regional culture, but the root and backbone of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, in the history of the development of Chinese culture occupies a prominent position. Specifically, she contains at least the following ten main aspects.
(I) Dragon Culture
The dragon is a symbol of wisdom, bravery, good fortune and honor. Henan is the hometown of dragons. Known as the originator of humanities, Taihao Fuxi, in the area of Huaiyang, Zhoukou, today, "to the dragon teacher and the dragon name", the first dragon totem, the realization of the ancient period of the first fusion of a number of tribes; known as the originator of the humanities of the Yellow Emperor, in the unification of the Yellow River Valley tribes, in order to cohesion of the tribes of thought and spirit, in the area of Xinzheng, today, also used the dragon as the new tribal totem, which we are today, is a symbol of wisdom, courage, good fortune, dignity. Tribal totem, we are today's Chinese are known as the "yellow children" and "the descendants of the dragon", is therefore. From the excavation of cultural relics, Henan found the dragon cultural relics not only long history, and the most authentic. Puyang clam dragon 6,400 years ago, is China's earliest dragon image, by the archaeological community known as "China's first dragon"; in the "first capital of China" Yanshi Erlitou site found large turquoise dragon-shaped ware, at least 3,700 years ago, scholars named the "Chinese dragon". "Chinese dragon", and so on. These remains of dragon culture from Xia, Shang, Zhou to Han and Tang, Ming and Qing in a lineage, are the source of the dragon totem of the Chinese nation, in the form can be said to be the ancestor of the various dragon images in the Forbidden City in Beijing. From the Middle Kingdom produced and perfected the image of the dragon, has now become the symbol of the Chinese nation, the spiritual core of Chinese civilization, the bond of Chinese national unity and *** with the spiritual pillar.
(2) Culture of Chinese Characters
Characters are an important carrier for the inheritance and promotion of Chinese culture, the basic symbol of the Chinese nation and the distinctive mark of Chinese civilization, and have had a great and far-reaching influence on the writing cultures of North Korea, South Korea, and the oracle bone inscriptions of Japan. The cultural history of Chinese characters for more than 4,000 years can be said to be a history of Chinese characters in the Central Plains, where the creation of Chinese characters and every important stage of their development took place. According to legend, Cangjie, the legendary creator of Chinese characters during the time of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Henan; the first perfect Chinese writing system, the oracle bone inscriptions, was unearthed in Henan; Li Si, who helped Qin Shi Huang "write the same book in the same language" and formulate a standardized writing system for the "Small Seal Characters," was a native of Shangcai, Henan; and Li Si, who compiled the world's first dictionary, summarized the laws of Chinese character Xu Shen, the literalist who wrote the world's first dictionary, summarized the laws of Chinese character generation and standardized the analysis of character meanings, was a native of Luohe, Henan Province, where he completed his masterpiece of Chinese literalism, Shuowen Jiezi; the standardized typeface we still use today, Sung Shi, was produced in Kaifeng, Henan Province, where the famous movable-printing press was also invented.
(3) Surname Culture
Henan is the cradle of Chinese surnames, which are closely related to the Central Plains in terms of their origin and derivation. The Chinese family name canon" in the 4820 Chinese surnames, originating in Henan, there are 1834, accounting for 38% of the total number of surnames, which contains the population accounted for today's total Han population of more than 84.9%; in today's 300 surnames, rooted in Henan, there are 171, accounting for 57%; in the number of the population arranged by how many of the top 100 surnames, there are 78 surnames of the source and part of the source in Henan. The source of 78 surnames is in Henan, whether it is the four Chinese surnames represented by Li, Wang, Zhang and Liu, or the four southern surnames represented by Lin, Chen, Zheng and Huang, whose roots are all in Henan. In recent years, Henan has organized the Family Name Culture Festival with the theme of "Ten Thousand Families with the Same Roots, Ten Thousand Sects with the Same Origin", which has been widely recognized and responded at home and abroad, and has set off a craze of searching for the roots to Henan, performing pilgrimage to Henan, and worshipping the ancestors to Henan among the Chinese people all over the world. Surname culture is a unique cultural phenomenon in Henan.
(4) Farming Culture
Agriculture first emerged in the Central Plains. The farming culture of the Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. Pei Li Gang culture related remains unearthed a lot of agricultural production tools, for the early development of farming culture provides physical evidence, especially faceted refined stone grinding rod, become the earliest grain processing tools found in China. As we all know, Fu Xi, the first of the Three Emperors, taught people to "make nets", which opened the era of fishing and hunting economy; Yandi, known as "Shennong's", taught people to sow and harvest, which opened the era of agriculture. Dayu's approach to water control by channeling water pushed forward the development of China's water conservancy, and also promoted the advancement of mathematics, surveying and mapping, transportation and other related technologies. During the Warring States period, the "Zheng Guo Canal" was built under the auspices of Zheng Guo, a native of Henan Province, which greatly improved agricultural production conditions in the Guanzhong region. With the integration of nationalities, especially the southward migration of people from the central plains, advanced agricultural technologies and concepts were spread to the south, which contributed to the improvement of the level of agriculture in ancient China. It can be said that the origin and development of Chinese agriculture, the invention and creation of agricultural technology, and the system and concept of agriculture are all closely related to Henan.
(V) Commercial Culture
The fact that the origin of Chinese merchants, commerce and commercial culture was in the Central Plains is a ****knowledge in the archaeological and historical circles. Since ancient times, the Central Plains have been more conscious of commercial awareness, resulting in many of the first Chinese commercial culture. Wang Hai of the Shang Dynasty "Zhao Zhaoche cattle far service Jia", that is, the first oxcart pulling goods to distant places to do business, is regarded as the originator of business. Zigong, the first Confucian merchant, was a native of Junxian County, Henan Province, who was not only able to be an official, but also good at doing business and getting rich. Fan Li, the first businessman known as the Saint of Commerce, was a native of Nanyang. After helping King Goujian of Yue to destroy Wu and restore the country, he quietly retired and used his talents in business. The first patriotic merchant was Ching Gao, a native of Xinzheng, who encountered an invasion of the Qin army on his way to do business and repelled the Qin army at the cost of fifteen of his own oxen. In addition, the Central Plains produced many firsts in Chinese commerce. For example, the first professional merchants in Chinese history were born in Luoyang during the Western Zhou Dynasty; the first government-issued regulation to protect the interests of merchants, the Oath of Quality, was born in Xinzheng during the Spring and Autumn Period; the earliest tariffs, represented by the "Levy on the Castle Gate," took place in Shangqiu during the Spring and Autumn Period; the first strategically minded industrialist was Bai Gui, a native of Luoyang, who was a member of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; and the first commercial merchant was Bai Gui, a native of Luoyang. Bai Gui, the first business theorist was Gui Ran, the earliest business lawsuit regulations took place in the Spring and Autumn period in the state of Zheng, that is, Zhengzhou, the first advocate of the theory of mercantilism was Sang Hongyang, a native of Luoyang in the Western Han Dynasty, and the first "mayor" was "the head of the three cities" in the Tang Dynasty, who managed the market in the city of Luoyang. "The first truly populated city in the world. The world's first truly international metropolis with a population of more than one million was Bianjing (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty, when the population reached more than 1.5 million, and the famous painter Zhang Zeduan's "Riverside Scene at Qingming" in the Song Dynasty was a true reflection of the situation, while London, one of the oldest and most developed cities in Europe, had only 50,000 people at that time. Gongyi's Kang million family in the Qing Dynasty wrote down the business myth of "being rich for twelve generations and undefeated for 400 years". From this, we can see that the commercial culture of the Central Plains occupies an important position in the Chinese cultural system.
(F) Ideological Culture
The ideological culture of the Central Plains is the core of the ideological culture of the Chinese nation. Fu Xi performed Bagua in the Huaiyang area of Henan Province, and later King Wen of Zhou, on the basis of Fu Xi's Bagua, wrote the I Ching, which had a far-reaching influence on the later generations, in the prison of Anyang City in Henan Province. Most of the Hundred Schools of Thought were from Henan, and their area of activity was mainly in Henan. Laozi and Zhuangzi of Taoism were both from Henan, where they wrote the influential Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi respectively. Confucius is the founding figure of Confucianism, although born in Shandong, but Taiji Bagua ancestry Henan Shangqiu, and Confucius lecturing, lobbying the main activities of the region in the Central Plains. Legalism, the representative figure of Han Fei, Shang Yang and Shen Buhai, are Henan people. In addition, Mozi of the Mohist school of thought, Su Qin and Zhang Yi of the Zongheng and Hengtong schools of thought, Wu Qi of the Military school of thought, and Lu Buwei of the Miscellaneous school of thought were also from Henan. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced to the Central Plains, spreading throughout the country with Henan as the center, and quickly became an influential school of thought, eventually forming the kernel of Chinese thought and culture along with Confucianism and Taoism. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong wrote his "On Heng" (论衡) in Luoyang, which is a materialistic philosophical masterpiece. Fan Jian, a native of Henan Province during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, systematically expounded the idea of atheism, which was of great progressive significance. Shaolin monks blended Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to create the far-reaching Zen Sect. The Song Dynasty Science, pioneered by Royce Cheng and Cheng Yi of Luoyang, pushed Confucianism to a new ideological peak and became the dominant mainstream ideology since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In general, the ideology and culture of the Central Plains conveyed a philosophy of life that was robust, self-improvement, mediocrity and harmony, and not only implied the spirit of change and enterprise of "daily renewal", but also embodied the spirit of amicable *** living in the world and yearning for peace. These thoughts and cultures have shaped the basic cultural form and character of the Chinese nation, enriched the spiritual treasury of the Chinese nation, and had a great influence on world culture.
(7) Scientific and Technological Culture
The scientific and technological culture of the Central Plains is relatively developed, characterized by the breadth of its contents, the practicality of its inventions, and the inheritance of its historical development. Such as Anyang Yinxu unearthed "Simuwu" large square tripod, is so far the largest and heaviest bronze found, its metallurgical technology and casting techniques not only reached the most advanced level of that era, even modern people also marveled at. Sanmenxia unearthed in the Western Zhou period of copper handle iron sword, for China's earliest artificial iron smelting objects, known as "the first sword in China". The iron smelting blast furnace of the Han Dynasty found in Zhengzhou is the earliest oval blast furnace in the world. Du Shi, a native of Henan Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented the "water row" wind blower technology, more than 1,000 years earlier than Europe. Pottery and porcelain first appeared in Henan. "Yangshao colored pottery" exquisite shape, "Tang Three Colors" is famous all over the world, Jun porcelain colorful, Ru porcelain simple and elegant, not only represent the highest level of porcelain production technology in history, but also has a very high aesthetic and artistic value. As the common saying goes, "a family has thousands of properties, not as good as a piece of porcelain", which explains this reasoning. Zhang Heng, who is known as the "Sage of Science", invented the "Geodesic Instrument" 1,700 years earlier than the West, and created the "Theory of the Muddy Sky", which is much more advanced than the "Theory of the Universe" of the Greek astronomer Ptolemy, who was a contemporary of his. The "Theory of the Universe" of Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer of the same time, was much more advanced. Tang Dynasty, Henan people monk line, not only invented the world's earliest automatic timer, and 1,000 years earlier than the British astronomer Harley put forward the "stars by themselves" point of view, he and his peers carried out the world's first meridian measurement activities, and therefore became a milestone in the development of ancient astronomy. The four great inventions of China were all conceived and invented in the Middle Kingdom.