Respondent: tyg113-Tongsheng Grade 1 8-1 16:42
You must eat all kinds of food to ensure all kinds of nutrition.
Respondent: shybyo-Beginner in Jianghu Grade 2 8. Seafood is rich in protein. I don't know who you want to feed it to.
Vegetables and meat are supplemented with different nutrients, and both are indispensable.
Meat is divided into livestock meat and poultry meat. Livestock meat includes pork, beef and mutton; Poultry meat includes chicken, duck and goose. They can provide protein, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins needed by human body. The nutritional composition of meat varies greatly according to animal species, age, location and fatness. Protein content is generally 1%~2%; The content of carbohydrates in meat is very low, averaging 1%~5%; The content of vitamins is the most in the internal organs of animals, especially in the liver, which not only contains rich B vitamins, but also contains a lot of vitamin A; The total amount of inorganic salts is .6%~1.1%. Generally, the content in lean meat is more than that in fat meat, and the internal organs are more than that in lean meat.
Conclusion: Meat food can provide protein, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins needed by human body.
Vegetable nutrition
Vegetables contain a lot of water, usually 7%~9%, in addition to a few protein, fats, sugars, vitamins, inorganic salts and cellulose. Judging the nutritional value of vegetables mainly depends on the amount of vitamins B, C and carotene it contains. According to scientific analysis, the darker the vegetables, the more vitamins B, C and carotene they contain. Green vegetables are classified as Class A vegetables by nutritionists, mainly including spinach, rape, cabbage, coriander, Chinese cabbage, water spinach and potherb mustard. These vegetables are rich in vitamins b1, b2, C, carotene and various inorganic salts, and their nutritional value is high.
Of course, this is not the case. Carrots contain high carotene, and also contain essential elements that can prevent cancer and potassium succinate that can lower blood pressure. Purple eggplant contains more vitamin D; Pepper and persimmon pepper also contain high levels of vitamin C and carotene. Vegetables are rich in inorganic salts, such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium. The final metabolites of these inorganic elements in the body are alkaline, so vegetables are very important for maintaining the acid-base balance in the human body.
However, some vegetables, such as spinach, amaranth, Ipomoea aquatica, bamboo shoots, onion and Zizania latifolia, are rich in calcium, but also high in oxalic acid, which is easy to form calcium oxalate precipitation and affect the absorption of calcium. Therefore, for infants, pregnant women and patients with fractures, try to reduce the consumption of vegetables containing too much oxalic acid. Experiments have proved that excessive partial eating of spinach affects the absorption of zinc.
Vegetables contain cellulose, hemicellulose, essence and pectin that are not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, which can prevent or reduce the absorption of cholesterol. Therefore, eating more fresh vegetables is conducive to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
leaf liverworts:
are important sources of inorganic salts and vitamins. Among these vegetables, green leafy vegetables, such as rape, Chinese cabbage, potherb mustard, shepherd's purse and leek, contain more carotene, vitamin C and a certain amount of vitamin b2.
Green leafy vegetables contain more calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and trace elements such as iron, copper and manganese, and calcium, phosphorus and iron are well absorbed and utilized, thus becoming an important source of calcium and iron. However, some vegetables (spinach, amaranth and water spinach) contain more oxalic acid, which can combine with calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate, which cannot be absorbed by human body. If the vegetables are scalded with water before frying to remove the astringency, oxalic acid can be removed.
rape. Rape is a canola, and its seeds and vegetable oil can be used for medicine. "Materia Medica Addendum" said: "The brassica breaks the blood, and the puerpera cooks it. The child presses the oil, applies the head to make the hair grow black, and cooks food, which is the main waist and foot paralysis. " "Roche will make a medical appointment" said: "Rape ... pounded with erysipelas for breast abscess is as effective as a god." "Son and the same work, cure dystocia." Rapeseed or leaf can cure erysipelas in children. Rape boiled juice or mashed juice can treat acute breast pain and nameless swelling. Vegetable oil can also cure insects.
Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage is nutritious, tender, refreshing and palatable, and rich in vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, iron and carotene. Moreover, it also has the functions of dredging the stomach, removing annoyance in the chest, detoxicating, sobering up, resolving food stagnation, harmonizing the stomach, promoting urination and so on. Pouring juice can cure cassava poisoning and colds, and it can be decocted with brown sugar and ginger. Chinese cabbage is mashed with mung bean sprouts and purslane, and external application can cure erysipelas.
mustard. Mustard is pungent, warm and non-toxic. If you eat for a long time, the accumulated temperature will become heat, and the pungent dispersion will be too strong, which will consume people's true yuan, and the liver will be sick, which will make people dizzy and cause hemorrhoids.
mustard leaf is potherb mustard, which has high nutritional value, and contains a lot of calcium, iron, carotene and vitamin C per gram, as well as vitamins b1, b2 and nicotinic acid.
Mustard stalks can cure swollen gums. Pouring fresh mustard juice can cure hemoptysis. Decocting mustard seed, radish seed, orange peel and licorice with water can treat chronic bronchitis. Decocting fresh mustard with water instead of tea to treat urinary obstruction. The root of mustard is grinded to powder, and honey water can cure dysentery.
Chinese chives. Leek warms the middle and lower qi, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes viscera, Yiyang, and stops bleeding and pus. Leek warms liver and kidney. The effect of supporting yang and fixing sperm is outstanding. The leaves of leek are hot and warm, so they are pungent and disperse blood when they are born, and sweet and tonic when they are cooked. Leek is good for hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, because it not only contains volatile oil and sulfide, but also contains cellulose.
There are more carotene, vitamins B and C, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron in Chinese chives.
In clinical application, Chinese chive juice can treat choking, nausea and dull pain in chest cavity. Root decoction can treat hemorrhoids, proctoptosis and uterine prolapse. Pouring juice on roots and leaves can cure chronic constipation. Leek juice and ginger juice mixed with sugar can treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Grinding leek seeds into powder, making cakes with flour and steaming have certain effects on bedwetting in children.
spinach. Spinach is rich in provitamins A, B, C and iron. It can benefit the five internal organs, relieve stomach heat, relieve alcohol toxicity and cool the large and small intestine; Dredge blood vessels, open chest and diaphragm, lower qi and regulate middle energizer, quench thirst and moisten dryness.
After the spinach is cooked, its sex tends to be peaceful; Cooking soup and eating it have cold and lubricating properties, can pass urine, benefit the stomach and clear away heat.
Spinach seeds, bletilla striata and Stemona root can be used as pills to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. Decocting Flos Chrysanthemi Indici with water can cure red eye caused by wind and fire. Pouring fresh spinach juice is good for night blindness. At the same time, spinach root and dried chicken gizzard-membrane decoction can treat diabetes. It also has a certain effect on hypertension, headache, dizziness and constipation.
Rhizomes:
Rhizomes are foods between grain and vegetables. Such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, etc., contain more starch and can supply more heat. This kind of vegetables can provide 33~42 kilojoules (79~1 kilocalories) per 1 grams, (generally, the heat supply for vegetables is 4~17 kilojoules (1~41 kilocalories) per 1 grams. The contents of protein, inorganic salts and vitamins are relatively low. But carrots and sweet potatoes with red and yellow colors are good sources of carotene.
potatoes. Potatoes are sweet and flat, and enter the stomach and intestines. Has that function of invigorating qi, diminish inflammation and invigorating spleen, and can be used for treating parotitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, habitual constipation and scald.
protein content of potato is only about 2%, but it is rich in potassium salt and vitamin C, and vitamin C is less lost during cooking. At the same time, it is also a kind of food that is easy to digest and absorb.
sweet potato. Protein containing mucus is a mixture of polysaccharide and protein, which can keep the elasticity of arterial wall, prevent arteriosclerosis, reduce subcutaneous fat and avoid obesity. In addition, it contains more vitamin C and carotene. Therefore, it is called "longevity food".
arrowheads. Sagittaria sagittata is bitter and sweet, slightly cold. It has the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, relieving stranguria and promoting blood circulation. Indications: Postpartum blood stagnation and retained placenta. Cooked food has lung moistening and cough relieving effects. Where the lungs are hot and dry, cough and hemoptysis should be steamed with honey.
taro. Taro tastes sweet and flat. It has the effects of invigorating qi and kidney, breaking blood and resolving hard mass. Taro cooked food has the effect of nourishing and moistening dryness. Anyone who suffers from deficiency of spleen and kidney yin and dryness due to deficiency of spleen and kidney yin, poor appetite, chronic dysentery and bloody stool, thirst and constipation should eat it. Boiling soup or taking medicine has the effect of breaking blood and dispersing stagnation. Those with abdominal mass, scrofula and toxic swelling caused by blood stasis and meridian stasis should eat it.
melons and solanaceous fruits:
The nutritional value of this kind of vegetables is relatively low, and most of them are listed in summer and autumn. In the season when there are few green leafy vegetables, they are the sources of inorganic salts and vitamins.
the content of vitamin c in pepper ranks first among vegetables, and it is also rich in carotene and phosphorus. Pumpkin and pumpkin contain more carotene.
bitter gourd. Bitter gourd smells bitter, cold and non-toxic, and has the effects of eliminating pathogenic heat, relieving fatigue, clearing away heart fire, improving eyesight, benefiting qi and strengthening yang. When cooked, the color is red, the taste is sweet and flat, nourishing blood and calming the liver, moistening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. The content of vitamin C in bitter gourd is higher than that in green leafy vegetables, and it has hypoglycemic effect.
tomatoes. Tomatoes are sweet, sour and slightly cold. Has effect of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorate stomach, promoting digestion, cooling blood, calming live, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and lowering blood pressure.
contains various minerals, provitamin a and b.
eggplant. Eggplant is sweet, cold and non-toxic, and has the functions of dispersing blood, relieving pain, removing blood stasis, diuresis, detumescence and relaxing intestines. Eggplant contains saponin, which has the effect of lowering cholesterol.
Fungi:
Edible fungi can be divided into wild fungi and cultivated fungi. There are about 2 species in the wild, which are delicious, such as Tricholoma, chanterelle and so on. The cultivated edible mushrooms mainly include foreign mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, tremella fuciformis and auricularia auricula. The nutrient content of edible mushrooms is not outstanding, but they are delicious in flavor, and they are the best in cooking dishes. At the same time, some kinds have certain health care and medicinal value.
mushrooms. Don't call it fragrant bacteria. Ganping, appetizing, and treating turbidity can not help. Avoid it after bean rash, postpartum and illness. Performance dynamic wind. It contains many kinds of amino acids, and also contains substances that reduce blood lipid. It is also an anti-rickets food, which can treat blood under intestinal wind and cervical cancer.
auricularia auricula. Sweet and flat in nature, it has the functions of benefiting qi and not starving, moistening the lungs and nourishing the brain, keeping fit and strengthening the mind, breaking the valley and treating hemorrhoids, and nourishing blood and glory.
contains protein, fat, sugar and inorganic salts. Indications: metrorrhagia, hemorrhoid bleeding, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, constipation, etc. It can reduce blood coagulation and prevent and treat atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Wild vegetables:
Wild vegetables are rich in vitamins such as carotene, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and folic acid, and their contents generally exceed those of ordinary vegetables. The carotene content of many wild vegetables is higher than 4mg/1 g, and the protein content of wild vegetables is generally higher than that of vegetables. The amino acid composition is relatively balanced, and its tryptophan and lysine can supplement the defects of cereal protein.
Although wild vegetables are rich in vitamins, some of them often contain toxic substances, which should be taken with special attention.
purslane. It tastes sour and cold, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing blood and reducing swelling. Indications are heat dysentery, purulent blood, heat stranguria, leukorrhagia, pain and swelling, erysipelas, scrofula, etc. It is effective for acute enteritis and lung disease. It contains provitamin A, B, C and potassium salt, and also contains oxalic acid, flavonoids and resin.
Portulaca oleracea has inhibitory effects on Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus.
shepherd's purse. Sweet and flat in nature. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping bleeding and lowering blood pressure. Shepherd's purse decoction has the functions of exciting nerves, promoting breathing, lowering blood pressure and shortening coagulation time in animals. Contains carotene, flavonoid glycosides, choline, calcium, iron, vitamin C, etc.
It has certain curative effect on hypertension, chyluria, hematemesis, hemoptysis, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and nephritis edema.
Vegetables are an essential food in the family's daily diet. Due to improper storage or cooking methods, poisoning can occur after eating, and some vegetables themselves contain certain toxins. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following points when eating vegetables:
Vegetables should not be stored for too long. Some vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, radish and so on, contain nitrate substances, which will rot and deteriorate if stored for too long. Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus Angustifolia, reduce nitrate to nitrite; It oxidizes the low-iron hemoglobin carried by blood into methemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen, thus causing symptoms such as headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting.
immature tomatoes are not suitable for eating. Immature tomatoes contain a toxic component of lycopene. The content of ripe tomatoes is very small, and the content of immature tomatoes is high. People will be poisoned after eating, showing dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
wild mushrooms are not edible. Wild mushrooms, such as white-capped mushrooms, saddle mushrooms, gourd mushrooms, etc., have strange shapes, bright colors and contain many toxins. After eating by mistake, central nervous system poisoning may occur and mental disorder may occur. Others are vomiting, diarrhea, liver failure, acute hemolytic anemia, and even life-threatening.
fresh daylily is not suitable for eating. Fresh day lily contains a non-toxic colchicine, which is absorbed by human intestine and transformed into toxic dioxcolchicine, which can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even bloody stool and urine. Dry daylily is made from fresh daylily by steaming and drying, and colchicine contained in it has been destroyed, so it can be safely eaten. Fresh day lily is poisoned after eating, which can be hydrolyzed by boiling mung beans and licorice.
Bitter melon seeds are not edible. Generally, bitter gourd contains momordicin, which usually has no obvious toxicity. The bitter gourd with bitter melon seeds contains a lot of momordicin, which can cause dizziness, abdominal pain and other poisoning symptoms after eating.
uncooked autumn lentils are not suitable for eating. There are two toxins in lentils: one is lectin in lentils; The other is hemolysin in beans. The content of lentils matured in autumn is extremely high. If it is not fully cooked, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea often occur after eating. Therefore, when cooking lentils, they should be thoroughly heated, cooked and boiled.
pickled sauerkraut is not suitable for eating. Some families often use insufficient salt when pickling sauerkraut, which makes some bacteria not inhibited and reduces nitrate in vegetables to harmful nitrite. This chemical change reaches its peak about a week after pickling. If eaten at this time, it is very unsafe and acute nitrite poisoning can occur.
Preservation of nutrition
● Picking and washing
① Wash with running water instead of soaking in water, so as not to lose vitamin C and vitamin B in vegetables;
② Slicing and cutting vegetables after washing can reduce the loss of inorganic salts and vitamins in vegetables;
③ Don't cut it too finely, otherwise it will be easily oxidized and lead to the loss of vitamins; If you can tear or break it by hand, you don't need to cut it with a knife, which can also reduce the loss of vitamins;
④ Cooking should be done immediately after cutting vegetables. The longer it is left, the greater the loss of nutrition.
● Cooking
① The loss of vitamins in vegetables varies with different cooking methods. The shorter the heating time, the less nutrient loss. Stir-fried vegetables have the least nutritional loss; Blanching and cooking vegetables will lose less nutrition, but the water-soluble vitamins and minerals in vegetables will be dissolved in water. If possible, you can drink the soup to absorb nutrients. Barbecue and frying are the most serious ways to destroy the nutrition of vegetables, so try not to use this method.
② When cooking vegetables, the fire should be large and the time should be short. When the water is boiling, the vegetables should be put in and boiled out. Don't squeeze the water out of vegetables to avoid the loss of vitamins.
③ If you like fried vegetables, you must paste them. Wrap vegetables in a batter made of starch and eggs and fry them.