("Materia Medica")

Different names of fennel (on medicinal properties), fennel (Qianjinfang), fennel (Materia Medica), fennel (Lvyanyan Materia Medica), fennel (Zhushiji's Prescription for Experiencing Medicine), fennel, fennel (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine) and fennel.

The source is the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare.

Plant form fennel

Perennial herb with strong fragrance. The stem is upright, cylindrical, with a height of 0.5 ~1.5 m, the upper part is branched, gray-green, and the surface has fine longitudinal stripes. Cauline leaves alternate, petiole 3.5 ~ 4.5 cm long, gradually shortened from bottom to top, sheath-like near the base, wide and holding the stem, with membranous wavy narrow wings at the edge; The leaves split pinnately 3-4 times, and finally the lobes are linear to silky. The compound umbel is terminal, with a diameter of 3 ~12 cm, 5 ~ 20 or more branches and a length of 2 ~ 5 cm. Each umbel has 5 ~ 30 flowers, and the petiole is slender and 4 ~10 mm long. Without involucre and small involucre; Flowers small, without calyx; Petals 5, golden yellow, broadly ovoid, about 1.5 mm long and about 1 mm wide, curled inward above the middle and slightly concave at the apex; Stamens 5, anthers ovate, 2-loculed, filaments filiform, protruding from petals; Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-loculed, style 2, extremely short, lobed. Double hanging fruit, oval, 5 ~ 8 mm long and about 2 mm wide, yellow-green in appearance, with yellowish-brown column base at the top, oval in mericarpy, with five raised longitudinal shuttles, one oil pipe in each groove, and two oil pipes on the commissure. The flowering period is from June to September. Fruiting period 10 month.

It is widely cultivated in all parts of China.

The roots (fennel roots) and stems and leaves (fennel stems and leaves) of this plant are also used for medicine, each of which is detailed in a special article.

Collect the fruits in September ~1October, cut the whole plant, and after drying, lay the fruits, remove impurities and dry them in the sun.

The dried fruit of medicinal materials is small cylindrical, slightly pointed at both ends, 5 ~ 8 mm long and about 2 mm wide. The base sometimes has a small fruit stalk, and the top remains a yellowish brown style base. Appearance is yellow-green. The schizocarp is oblong, with five ridges, and the cross section is pentagonal. The four sides of the back are about the same length, and the joint surface is flat. There are seeds 1 grain in the fruit, and the cross section is slightly kidney-shaped. The breath is fragrant and the taste is sweet and slightly pungent. It is better to have uniform, full, yellow-green, fragrant and sweet particles.

Location: Shanxi, Gansu, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. In addition, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi are also produced.

The shape of dill seed is very similar to that of this product, and dill seed is used as fennel in some areas such as Gansu and Guangxi. Compendium is also called dill seed alias fennel, which shows that dill seed has been used as fennel for a long time. However, the names of the two should not be confused. The main differences of their medicinal materials are as follows: dill seeds are small and round, and the schizocarp is oval and flat, with a length of 3 ~ 4 mm and a diameter of 2 ~ 3 mm; The four sides on the back of the cross section are unequal in length, and the two sides extend into wings. The smell is weak. See article "dill seeds".

Chemical constituents The fruit contains about 3-6% volatile oil, and the main components are anisole 50-60% and fennel ketone18-20%. It also contains: α-pinene, α-phellandrene, camphene, dipentene, anisaldehyde, anisic acid and wormwood. Also contains cis-anisole, p-cymene.

In addition, the fatty oil is about 18%, and its fatty acid composition is 60% coriander acid, 22% oleic acid, 0/4% linoleic acid/kloc-0, and 4% palmitic acid. It also contains wax, stigmasterol, 7- hydroxycoumarin, etc. made of alcohol and palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, etc. which are greater than C 18.

The fruit of bitter fennel contains anisole 60% and anisone 30%. However, sweet fennel contains anisole 80% and anisone 10%. Some fennel does not contain anisole but contains wormwood.

Pharmacological action Fennel oil can be used as an anti-wind agent to expel gas and relieve pain when abdominal distension occurs. It can reduce the tension of the stomach, and then stimulate it, so as to normalize its peristalsis and shorten the emptying time. For the intestine, it enhances tension and peristalsis, thus promoting the discharge of gas. Sometimes peristalsis decreases after excitement, which helps to relieve spasm and pain. This effect can be cancelled by local drugs, so it may be neuroreflex. It also has some antibacterial effects, and anisole may be an effective antibacterial component. Anisaldehyde has no anti-tuberculosis effect in experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs, but it can slightly enhance the efficacy of a small amount of streptomycin. Anisodone is an isomer of camphor, so it has some local stimulating effects similar to camphor.

Processing fennel: winnow off dust and remove fruit stalks and impurities. Salted fennel: Take clean fennel, stir-fry it with slow fire until the surface is dark yellow and has a burnt smell, spray it with salt water while hot, and bake it dry. One method: mix fennel with salt water, slightly stuffy, stir-fry in a pot with slow fire until yellowish, take it out and dry it. (Every fennel 100 kg, use 3 kg of salt, add appropriate amount of boiling water to melt and clarify)

Pungent and warm in nature.

① Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Bitter and bitter."

② Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty: "pungent, flat and non-toxic."

(3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "It tastes Xin Ping, sweet and nontoxic."

④ Jiangxi Herbs: "Warm in nature and pungent in taste."

Meridian entering kidney, bladder and stomach.

(1) The Skill of Soup Liquid: "Start with the meridian of the foot with less yin and the sun."

② Explanation of the nature of Leigong's processed drugs: "Entering the heart, spleen and bladder."

(3) Shushu of Materia Medica: "Entering the meridians of foot, big yin, Yangming, sun and little yin."

Functions are mainly used to warm kidney, dispel cold, regulate stomach and regulate qi. Treat cold hernia, less abdominal cold pain, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, stomachache, vomiting, dry and wet beriberi.

(1) "Qianjin Food Treatment": "The main snake bites the sore for a long time, and it is pounded. He also treated nine kinds of fistula. "

② Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty: "Main fistula, cholera and snake injury."

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Main bladder, kidney air-conditioning and cecal qi, regulating middle energizer, relieving pain and vomiting."

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat dry and wet beriberi complicated with renal fatigue and hernia, stimulate appetite and eat ('eating' as' qi'), and treat bladder pain and yin pain."

⑤ Li Gao: "The door to life is insufficient."

⑥ Summary of Typhoid Fever: "Warming the Dantian."

⑦ "Jade-pulling Medicine Solution": "Treat water and soil dampness and cold, lumbago and beriberi, and fix cold hernia."

⑧ "Seeking Truth from Materia Medica": "The liver meridian deficiency fire is used by those who punch the face from the upper left."

Pet-name ruby "Living with Interest Diet Spectrum": "Kill insects and eliminate filth, and make fish stink and stagnate all kinds of toxins."

Attending "Differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Treating chronic bronchitis."

⑾ Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine: "Dispelling cold and relieving pain. Treat hernia, kidney cold, small abdominal pain, stomach pain, low back pain and enuresis. "

Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction,1~ 3 RMB; Or into the pill, scattered. External use: grinding, dressing or frying and ironing.

It is advisable to avoid those with yin deficiency and fire flourishing.

(1) "Herbal Classics": "The stomach and kidney are full of fire, and the yang channels are lifted several times. If you get hot, you will vomit. Don't take it."

(2) "Despei Materia Medica": "It is forbidden for those with lung and stomach heat and heat toxicity."

Recipe 1: Treating intestinal gas pain can't be a ninja: one or two almonds, half two scallions (mashed and baked), and one or two fennel. The top is the bottom. It costs three dollars each time, and the hollow warm walnut wine is adjusted. ("Continued Skills")

Divide star anise and litchi seed (fried black) equally. At the end of research. Every time you take one dollar, warm wine will be adjusted. ("Sun Tianren's Effective Prescription")

② Treatment of abdominal pain due to intestinal gas: fennel and pepper are equally divided. The top is the bottom, and the wine paste pill is as big as a wuzi. Take 50 pills each time, with warm wine in the hollow. ("Sanyinfang" fennel pill)

③ Treatment of cold hernia pain: Toosendan seed, San Qian, fennel, Evodia rutaecarpa (soaked in soup), decocted in running water. (Daoqi Decoction in the Collection of Medical Prescriptions)

④ Treating hernia into the kidney: stir-fry fennel for two packages, and iron it instead. ("Simple Unilateral")

⑤ Treating lumbago due to kidney deficiency, unable to turn sideways, and prone to weakness: fennel (fried). Break the kidney of the pig, make thin slices, mix the powder layer by layer, wrap it in water and paper, simmer, chew it carefully and swallow it with wine. (Essentials of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment)

⑥ Treating hypochondriac pain: one or two fennel (fried) and five money of bitter orange (fried with bran). The top is the bottom. It costs two yuan each time, and the salt soup is adjusted. (Pocket Square)

⑦ Treatment of stomachache and abdominal pain: Fennel seed, Alpinia officinarum and Lindera root cost two yuan each, and stir-fry Rhizoma Cyperi and San Qian. Decoct with water. (Jiangxi Herbs)

⑧ Cure excessive urination and excessive drinking: Do not wash fennel in small quantities, add less salt, stir-fry it as the end, use pure glutinous rice as the first hand, stir-fry it when lying in the bed to make it soft and ripe, dip it in fennel powder, and serve it with warm wine. (Puji Fang)

Pet-name ruby cure enuresis: fennel two money, oodles five money. Putting into pig urine cells, baking and grinding. One yuan each time, take it twice a day. (Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine)

⑩ Treatment of testicular swelling: Foeniculum vulgare L. and Xanthium sibiricum L. each San Qian. Decoct in water and take twice a day. (Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine)

⑾ Treating typhoid fever with yang deficiency and urine obstruction: Fennel powder is applied to the abdomen with ginger natural juice; Fennel powder for external use is taken in Yiyuan powder. ("Picking Yuan Fang")

⑿ Cure snake bite for a long time: mash fennel and apply it. (Qian Jin Fang)

[13] defecation and defecation are closed, bloating and shortness of breath. Seven pieces of star anise and half a grain of hemp are ground into powder, and three to seven pieces of raw scallion are added, which are ground together and decocted, and mixed with Wuling powder. Take it once a day.

Clinical application ① Treatment of incarcerated small intestinal hernia

Fennel is 3 ~ 5 yuan (children should reduce it at their discretion). Wash the soup with boiling water and take it in a hot meal. If it doesn't work after 5 ~ 30 minutes, take it again with the same amount 1 time. Or 1 ~ 2 for adults, and about 5 minutes for children. Take it with boiling water after an interval of 10 minutes, and take it again with the same amount1time. Lie on your back for 40 minutes after taking the medicine, with the lower limbs together and the knee joint half flexed. Generally, it can be seen that the content of incarceration resets itself in about half an hour, and the pain disappears. If incarceration is still not relieved around 1 hour, surgical treatment should be considered immediately. Twenty-six patients with incarceration for 2 hours to 3 days were treated, 22 cases were cured and 4 cases were ineffective (3 cases were incarcerated omentum, 1 case was intestinal wall necrosis). According to clinical observation, the shorter the onset time, the better the effect. If the incarceration time is long, there may be necrosis and perforation, so it is not suitable for easy application; If the greater omentum is incarcerated, surgical treatment must be considered.

② Treatment of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis and scrotal elephantiasis.

Stir-fry this product with 5 RMB and salt 1.5 RMB and grind it into fine powder. Add green shell duck eggs1~ 2, fry them together into cakes, and serve them with warm rice wine before going to bed. Take it for four days as a course of treatment, with an interval of 2 ~ 5 days, and then take the second course of treatment. If necessary, you can continue to take it for several courses. 64 cases of hydrocele were treated with 1 ~ 6 courses, 59 cases were cured, progress1case, and 4 cases were ineffective. Most patients with scrotal elephantiasis have to undergo four courses of treatment before they can take effect; Except the scrotum is as hard as stone and ineffective, the general curative effect is still good, and there is no adverse reaction.

Famous experts discuss (1) "Materia Medica Huiyan": "Fragrant incense is a medicine that warms the middle and accelerates qi. Fang Longtan said, this medicine is pungent and fragrant. Because it is sweet and calms the stomach, Tang Bencao is good at controlling all kinds of qi, such as cold air in the heart, sudden pain in the heart, vomiting against the stomach, lumbago, kidney deficiency, cold and wet beriberi, string air in the lower abdomen, bladder moisture, yin hernia, yin sweat and wet air, cold air in the yin, swollen moisture in the yin, and stagnant qi in the yin. It warms the middle-warmer, dispels the cold, and promotes the movement of qi, which is also the main product of the lower abdomen with less abdomen and yin. "If the stomach and kidney are full of fire, it will cause vomiting, pain and distension, and it is advisable to use it carefully if it is lifted several times in the Yang Road and wet dream is fine and smooth."

② "Materia Medica": "According to the indications of fennel, it is indicated that the hernia is damp and hot, but it is not suitable for use. However, from the beginning of hernia, it is due to the depression of cold water. However, the gasification is not clear, but it is wet, and it is hot from the dampness. It is a hernia at the beginning, so it is appropriate to use it when it is solid. When dampness does not turn into heat, although it is appropriate to take it into consideration, the heat is caused by dampness, and the dampness is a disease. Because of yang deficiency, as far as adultery is concerned, there is no one who is not depressed by cold. That is, it is not due to external factors, but also due to yang deficiency in the kidney, which leads to yin failing to turn into evil, so that the yang in the yin turns into depression, and then the liver is sick and thinks it is hernia. Try to take part in the treatment cases of Hua Shou and Du's famous doctors, all of them use Melia azedarach and fennel, and cover them with the smell of dampness and heat to help them play their roles. Never give up those who can cause fire in water with this warming and dispersing agent, so that they can enter the bladder cold water channel to take responsibility and effect. As for the exclusive lower abdomen, or bladder, if it is not due to hernia, then if the two fu-organs are suffering from heat, they can be cautious. Or, this taste is treated, such as low back pain, diarrhea and accumulation; What about various syndromes of abdominal pain caused by fatigue, which also cause fire in water to benefit the yuan yang in the kidney? "It is said that all kinds of syndromes have the same taste, but they are not as specialized as those for treating hernia. It is the most incisive experience to make contributions to cold water, and the meaning of tonifying yang and removing dampness with aconite root is different, so it needs to be carefully examined." "Generally, the treatment of this flavor is to treat cold or deficiency cold. If the syndrome of small intestine, bladder and stomach fu-organs suffers from heat, it will increase its disease."

③ A Compendium of Medical Forest: "Fennel greatly supplements the vital gate, but if it rises above the middle of the mountain, the vital gate will be solid, then the spleen and stomach will be able to transform Shui Gu and qi and blood will be born, and all cold will be dispersed. "The liver and gallbladder can also move the fire of life, while the liver can move the qi, so the water will not stay wet and the wind will not be exhausted. Therefore, its merits are inferior to those of aconite, but its strength will be slightly delayed."

④ Continuation of the Classic: "Fu Xiangzi is a book written by the Tang Dynasty, but Qian Jin Fang is only used for cholera, but not for fistula. The Secret Recipe of Waitai is useful for fistula, but not for cholera. Since "Rihuazi" wrote that it has the function of treating wet and dry beriberi, kidney fatigue hernia, vaginal pain, and stimulating appetite and lowering qi, later generations thought that it could treat fistula and cholera, and called it wet and dry beriberi, kidney fatigue and vaginal pain, so they were put aside. Its taste is pungent and flat, not rigid and not dry, stretching its inherent yang, opening its barrier gas, and going down without risking it. Try to think about beriberi, hernia and vaginal pain. Is there a disease above the kidney? It is said that those who suffer from kidney fatigue know that the kidney is not stretched due to fatigue, and the turbid qi is restrained because the yang is not stretched, so that the clearing of qi can not be around. There are two kinds of hernia diseases: cold hernia and prostrate hernia. Cold hernia wins cold and prostrate hernia wins qi. Cold hernia is caused by less abdomen, and decadent hernia is caused by testis. Therefore, it is said that the kidney is tired and herniated, and it is also known that the hernia is not caused by cold but by abdominal pain. Those who have an appetite and lower their qi are flat and fragrant, and there is sweetness after the pungent taste. "It is even more obvious that the fistula can't rise or fall, and it is integrated with the excessive rise and fall of cholera. It can be cured by using incense, because it can stimulate the appetite and lower the qi, and the qi can rise and fall to the ear by itself."