In areas with natural brine, the production method of "burning charcoal first, splashing with salt well water and scraping salt" is adopted. At the end of the Warring States period, Sichuan began to dig wells, take brine and fry salt. Qi Guanzhong (BC? ~ 645 years ago, the policy of "official mountain and sea" was implemented, that is, salt was produced by the government and all products were transported and sold by the government.
However, from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, beaches, salt wells and salt lakes all over the country were open to the people for free production and sales except for the period from the third year of Wendi (583) to the tenth year of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (722). In other dynasties, in order to increase fiscal revenue, most of them implemented monopoly system, controlled the production and sales of salt with severe punishment, and forced salt farmers to produce salt by forming corvee.
Although the salt production in Shanxi Lake in Sui and Tang Dynasties formed a new process of "ploughing and watering and drying", salt production in Fujian Province in Song and Yuan Dynasties also partially adopted the drying method, but the production scale was small, the tools and equipment were rudimentary, and there was only simple cooperation among producers, which still remained in a small production state of one household.
Well salt is a different story. In the Song Dynasty, Zhuotong well appeared in Sichuan, and it was the first time to drill a well with a drill ("cutting edge" file). From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, hand tools were gradually improved, division of labor and cooperation were clear, and commercial capital was increasingly transformed into industrial capital.
With the influx of migrants, the labor market has gradually formed. By the years of Qianlong (1736 ~ 1795) and Jiaqing (1796 ~ 1820) in Qing Dynasty, Zigong salt industry had entered the stage of handicraft industry in capitalist workshops. After 1835, black brine wells, rock salt wells and deep natural gas wells were dug one after another, which provided rich raw materials and energy for salt industry.
The natural leaching of rock salt wells leads to karst caves, water injection in one well and brine extraction in many wells, which promotes the combination of related wells and greatly promotes the development of handicrafts in salt areas.
Extended data:
World salt industry
With the continuous growth of social demand, the world salt production has more than tripled in about 30 years since the 1950s. In addition to China, there are 18 countries whose annual salt production exceeds 1 10,000 tons (Table 2). In 654.38+0985, the total import and export volume of the world salt industry was 42.5 million tons, of which the import volume was 6.5438+0776 million tons, and the country with the largest import volume was 6.83 million tons in Japan.
The export volume is 24.74 million tons, and the country with the largest export volume is Australia, which is about 4.95 million tons. There are also some countries, such as the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, which both export and import. The United States has the largest import and export volume, with 1985 importing 5.63 million tons and exporting 820,000 tons.
Nowadays, salt-making enterprises in the world are gradually becoming large-scale. For example, in the Soviet Union, from 1955 to 1975, the output of large and medium-sized salt plants increased by 1.6 times, while small plants were gradually closed or merged. Salt-making enterprises in Europe and America have set up companies one after another, operating in a unified way from scientific research and design to production and sales. The salt production of American 12 companies accounts for 88% of the national output (1974). British Imperial Chemical Company almost monopolized the national salt industry.
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