Cowpeas are twining, herbaceous vines or suberect annual herbs of the family Fabaceae, genus Cowpea. Sometimes the tips are twining. Stem subglabrous. Leaves pinnately compound; stipules lanceolate, wired; leaflets ovate-rhombic, apex acute, glabrous. Racemes axillary, long pedicellate; flowers clustered at tip of inflorescence, often with fleshy dense glands between pedicels; calyx light green, campanulate, flag petals compressed-orbicular, winged petals slightly triangular, keeled petals slightly curved; ovary linear, hairy. Pods pendulous, erect or obliquely spreading, linear, slightly fleshy and swollen or firm, many-seeded; seeds long elliptic or cylindrical or slightly reniform, yellowish-white, dark-red, or other colors. blooms and fruits from May to August. Cowpea originated in tropical Africa and is widely cultivated in China. Cowpea is a dryland crop plant that grows in fertile soils that are deep, loose and retain fertilizer and water.