Yellow rice wine is a treasure of the Chinese nation, with a long history and many varieties. In history, there are countless famous rice wine products. Due to the development of distilled liquor, the production area of yellow rice wine gradually narrowed to the south of the Yangtze River, and the output was much lower than that of white liquor. However, the essence of brewing technology has not been abandoned, but has developed by leaps and bounds in the new historical period. The charm of yellow rice wine is still the same, the famous products in yellow rice wine are still household names, and the best ones in yellow rice wine are still shining like bright oriental pearls. 1 Shaoxing rice wine Shaoxing rice wine is the best in China. Shaoxing wine has a long-standing reputation in history and has been recorded in all previous dynasties. Since the Song Dynasty, the development of yellow rice wine in the south of the Yangtze River has entered its heyday, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, when the political power was established in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Hangzhou were close to each other, and Shaoxing wine developed rapidly. At that time, "Penglai Spring" was the first among the famous Shaoxing wines. In the poems of Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, many of them show admiration for the yellow rice wine in his hometown. The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Shaoxing wine. The scale of brewing is the first in the country. Shao liquor is sold all over the country and even exported abroad. Shao wine has almost become synonymous with yellow rice wine. At present, Shaoxing yellow rice wine accounts for the largest proportion in export wine. Products are exported to all countries in the world. There are many varieties produced by Shaoxing Liquor-making Corporation, and the classification methods of yellow rice wine in modern national standards are basically based on the varieties and quality indicators of Shaoxing wine. Among them, Shaoxing rice wine has been on the list in previous famous wine selection. Rice wine, as its name implies, is to increase the quantity of rice for brewing in the process of brewing, and relatively speaking, it uses less water. Rice wine is a semi-dry wine. Alcohol 15%, sugar 0.5%-3%. The wine is mellow. The breath is fragrant. In addition, there are Yuan red wine, good wine, Xiang Xue wine and other wines with high quality, which are exported to more than 30 countries and regions abroad. 2 Fujian Longyan Sink Wine Longyan Sink Wine has a long history. In some note literature of Qing Dynasty, there are many records. Now it is produced by Longyan Winery in Fujian Province. This is a very sweet wine. The alcohol content is 14- 16%, and the total sugar can reach 22. 5-25%。 Domestic wine is generally stored for two years, and export wine needs to be stored for three years. This wine was awarded the title of national famous wine for three times in 1963, 1979 and 1983. The brewing method of Longyan Caijing wine integrates all the traditional techniques of Chinese rice wine brewing. For example, there are as many as 4 kinds of wine koji in Longyan, including local ancestral medicinal koji, including more than 30 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine villages; There is Sanqu, which is the most traditional Sanqu in China, as a saccharification song. In addition, there are white songs, which are unique to the south. Monascus is a must-have starter for Longyan wine brewing. When brewing, medicinal koji, Sanqu and Baiqu are added first, and then the sweet distiller's yeast is made, and then the famous Gutian red yeast and special rice liquor are added respectively. Long-term aging Longyan wine has three characteristics: sweet without sugar, brilliant red without coloring, and fragrant without fragrance. The wine is amber luster, sweet and mellow, and has a unique style. Second, the famous liquor in liquor is evaluated according to its flavor type. Now it can be divided into sauce flavor, rice flavor, fragrance, strong flavor and other flavor types (Dong flavor, Feng flavor, Sesame flavor, etc.). 1 Guizhou famous liquor: Maotai liquor and Dongjiu maotai-flavor famous liquor include Guizhou Moutai liquor and Sichuan Langjiu liquor. Although Kweichow Moutai and Sichuan Langjiu are produced in two different provinces, Renhuai, Guizhou, where Moutai is produced, and Gulin, Sichuan, where Langjiu is produced, are geographically very close. These two places are located along the Chishui River, the former is located in northern Guizhou and the latter is located in southern Sichuan. Chishui River flows through Renhuai, Guizhou, Xishui, Gulin and other counties in Sichuan, and joins the Yangtze River in Hejiang County, Sichuan. Kweichow Moutai is the most famous maotai-flavor liquor, and it has the reputation of national wine. In the Qing Dynasty, Chishui River was a water passage for Sichuan salt from the Yangtze River through Luzhou and Hejiang. Zheng Zhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote: "The wine crowned the country and the salt ascended the red river." It is the frequent transportation of salt industry that promotes the economic prosperity on both sides of Chishui River, and also brings the development and prosperity of local wine industry. The reputation of Kweichow Moutai began to spread. Maotai liquor has a special style of "outstanding sauce flavor, elegance and delicacy, mellow body and long aftertaste". The liquor is clear, mellow and fragrant, fragrant but not bright, low but not light, refreshing to smell, stirring at the entrance and lingering fragrance after drinking. The biggest feature of Moutai is that "an empty cup leaves a good fragrance", that is, after the wine is empty, the fragrance in the glass is still lingering for a long time. Maotai liquor has won the title of famous wine in all previous national famous wine selections. Moutai is also a witness to many important foreign affairs activities, so it is known as "national wine" and "diplomatic wine". Former US President Nixon said that Moutai can cure all diseases, and former Japanese Prime Minister also called Moutai a fine wine. The unique flavor of Maotai liquor, in addition to the unique brewing technology, is closely related to the unique geographical environment of the producing area to a great extent. Maotai Distillery is on the bank of Chishui River, which is strictly protected by relevant state policies, and factories with pollution sources are not allowed to be built around it. What is more unique is that the humid and sultry climate in Sichuan and Guizhou has formed a unique microbial flora. The propagation of these microorganisms on koji and raw materials and their complex biological metabolism mechanism make the flavor components of Moutai more complex and coordinated. This cannot be simulated anywhere else. If a factory is built outside Kweichow Moutai, even if it is produced in strict accordance with the production technology of Moutai, it is impossible to brew real Moutai. Dongjiu was produced in Dong Distillery, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. From 1929 to 1930, Donggong Temple cellar wine was brewed by Cheng's brewing workshop, and 1942 was named "Dongjiu". Zunyi Dong Winery was established in 1957, and was rated as the first national famous wine in 1963. After 1979, it was rated as the national famous wine. The flavor of Dong wine is different from Luzhou-flavor and Maotai-flavor, but belongs to other flavor types. The production method of this wine is unique, which combines the production techniques of Daqu liquor and Xiaoqu liquor. Fenyang Xinghua Village Fenyang Liquor (Group) Company is located in Dongyue, Luliang Mountain, Shanxi Province, and on the west edge of Jinzhong Basin. As a famous liquor in China, Shanxi Fenjiu can be said to be the earliest famous liquor in Chinese history. <: < Jinghuayuan > > Among the dozens of national famous wines listed in the list, Fenjiu ranks first. In the note literature of celebrities in the Qing Dynasty, Shanxi Fenjiu was praised many times. Fenjiu is a fragrant liquor. 3 Sichuan famous liquors: Wuliangye, Luzhou Laojiao Tequ, Jiannanchun, Quanxing Daqu, Langjiu and Tuopai Daqu liquor, among the famous liquors in China, Sichuan produces the most. There were five kinds of national famous wines, which were known as "five golden flowers", and then increased to six. In the fifth national famous liquor appraisal, Wuliangye, Luzhou Laojiao Tequ, Jiannanchun, Quanxing Daqu, Langjiu and Sichuan Tuopai Qujiu won the title of national famous liquor. Except Langjiu belongs to Maotai-flavor liquor, the rest belong to Luzhou-flavor liquor. Wuliangye, formerly known as "miscellaneous grains wine", is produced in Wuliangye Distillery in Yibin, Sichuan Province. The wine is brewed from five kinds of grains, namely sorghum, rice, glutinous rice, wheat and corn, and it is said that it was founded in the Ming Dynasty. At present, the factory still has an old wine cellar that has been handed down from the Ming Dynasty, and the Yibin Museum also keeps a technical secret of "miscellaneous grains wine". 1929 was named "Wuliangye. Wuliangye liquor has a "long aroma, mellow taste, sweet entrance, clean throat, harmonious tastes, just right". It is considered that in Daqu liquor, it is famous for its comprehensive taste. This wine has been rated as a national famous wine for four times. Luzhou Laojiao Tequ liquor, as a typical representative of Luzhou-flavor Daqu liquor, is famous for its unique style of "full-bodied, clear and sweet, especially fragrant after drinking and long aftertaste". 19 15 won the Gold Award of Panama International Expo, and all previous national wine evaluations were awarded the title of "National Famous Wine". Jian Nanchun was born in Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province. Its predecessor should be pushing the famous wine sword in the Tang Dynasty to burn spring in the south. Tang Xianzong's late Li Zhaozai <: < Supplement to the history of Tang Dynasty > > In the middle, the burning spring of Jian Nan was listed among the thirteen famous wines in the world at that time. Of course, at that time, the south of Jianmen Pass was referred to, and the so-called "Jiannan Road" province in the Tang Dynasty was called Mianzhu, which was a county under Jiannan Road at that time. Today, the winery was built in April of 195 1. After the appearance of Jiannanchun wine, its quality has been continuously improved. In the third national wine tasting in 1979, it was rated as a national famous wine for the first time. 4 Gujing Distillery This wine is produced in Gujing Distillery, Bo County, Anhui Province. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Wei Cao Cao presented the "Nine-Brewing Spring Wine Method" handed down by the late county magistrate to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. According to local historical records, the water used for brewing in this area came from an ancient well left in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the local wine contributed to the emperor, hence the reputation of "Gujing Gongjiu". Gujing Distillery belongs to Luzhou-flavor liquor, which has the characteristics of "clear color as crystal, pure fragrance as orchid, sweet and mellow entrance and lasting aftertaste". 5 Jiangsu Famous Liquor: Yanghe Daqu and Shuanggou Daqu Yanghe Daqu is produced in Yanghe Distillery, Yanghe Town, Siyang County, Jiangsu Province. Yanghe Town is located between Baiyang River and Yellow River, close to the North-South Grand Canal. In ancient times, land and water transportation was very convenient. It is an important hometown of wine production and koji production. Yanghe Daqu belongs to Luzhou-flavor liquor. After the third national wine tasting, it was rated as the national famous wine for three times. Shuanggou Daqu was produced in Shuanggou Town, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. 1984 After the fourth national wine tasting, this wine was rated as a national famous wine twice in succession with its typical Luzhou-flavor style of "clear and transparent color, rich aroma, harmonious flavor and clean tail". Xifeng liquor xifeng liquor is produced in Xifeng Winery, Liulin Town, Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province. Xifeng liquor belongs to other fragrance types (phoenix type). It has been rated as a national famous wine for four times.