naked carp

Gymnospermum in Qinghai Lake belongs to Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Schizothorax subfamily, Gymnospermum. Commonly known as: yellow fish, flower fish, pike fish and scaleless fish.

Body length, slightly flat side, conical head, blunt and round kiss, large mouth crack, inferior, horseshoe-shaped. The maxilla is slightly prominent, and there is no sharp cutin in the front edge of mandible. The lower lip is narrow and undeveloped, divided into left and right leaves; The posterior labial sulcus is interrupted, far apart; No need. The body is bare, and there are 3-4 rows of irregular scales above the base of pectoral fin and below the lateral line; There are 1 rows of large scales on both sides of anus and anal fin, which reach the base of ventral fin forward, and occasionally there are traces of degenerated scales from ventral fin to the midline of pectoral fin. The lateral line is straight, the front end of lateral line scales degenerates into skin folds, and the rear end is even less obvious. The dorsal fin has developed hard spines with serrated edges. The back of the body is yellowish brown or grayish brown, the abdomen is pale yellow or grayish white, and there are large irregular dark spots on the side; Each fin is reddish. During the reproductive period, there are white granular pearl stars on the snout, anal fin, caudal fin and the back of the body of male individuals.

The naked carp in Qinghai Lake is a cold-water fish. I like to live in shallow water, and it is also common in the backwater area along the beach or where the water is slow between large stones. In winter, I dive in deep pools and rock crevices. Strong adaptability, no strict requirements for living conditions, small ponds and shallow lakes can live, and they can also live in salty and fresh water. After the young fish hatch, they swim in groups, mostly in the shallow waters of the estuary. In the juvenile stage, animal bait is the main food; Adult fish are omnivorous, and all the animals and plants in Qinghai Lake are its food. The main food objects are diatoms, copepods, cladocera, rotifers, amphipods, aquatic insects, chironomid larvae, etc., and even its young fish and loach are swallowed by it. Because Qinghai Lake is located on the plateau more than 3,000 meters above sea level, the water temperature is low, the food is poor and the growth period is short, so the fish grows slowly. Except for the growth of 3.5 cm in the first year, there is no obvious stage of body length growth in the whole life, and the weight under 4 years old increases rapidly. The average weight of 250 grams is 8-9 years old, and that of 500 grams is about 10 year old. Generally, it can grow to 50-60 cm, weigh about 5 kg and be 25 years old. The largest individual can reach 95 cm in length and weigh about 6.5 kg. There are more males than females in the population, and the fecundity is low, with an average of 16242 eggs. There is obvious reproductive migration, and it enters the river from Qinghai Lake to breed from late March to August every year. Spawning sites are generally in crystal clear rivers with slow flow, gravel, pebbles or spun yarn as the bottom material and water depth of 0. 1- 1. 1 m. During the breeding season, when the water temperature is lower than 6℃ or higher than 17.5℃, there is no breeding activity. The spawning season is from mid-May to mid-June; Oviposition activity is carried out day and night, and it is the most vigorous from 23: 00 to 3: 00 the next day; Eggs are laid in the egg-collecting nest, which is sedimentation and slightly sticky.

Distributed in Qinghai Lake and its tributaries, Crook Lake, Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake are also produced. It is an extremely important economic fish in Qinghai Province. Since the 1960s, hundreds of thousands of acres of grassland around Qinghai Lake have been reclaimed as farmland. 108 rivers flowing into Qinghai Lake were artificially dammed, blocking breeding channels, and many rivers dried up, which made it impossible for yellow croaker to lay eggs in fresh water, causing a large number of yellow croaker to die in the estuary. According to relevant data, the existing yellow croaker resources in Qinghai Lake are about 7,500 tons, which is less than110 at the initial stage of development. At present, birds inhabiting Bird Island swallow nearly 1,000 tons of yellow croaker every year, and the depletion of yellow croaker resources invisibly poses a serious threat to the survival of birds.

Yellow croaker is stout and plump, with tender and plump meat and rich nutrition. Its fat content is as high as12% and protein16.14%, which is very popular among the masses. The local people's cooking method of eating Huanghai fish is quite special. They cut and clean the fish, add water, seasoning and vinegar into the pot, stew it with slow fire for 5 or 6 hours, and name it "sour fish". In the breeding season, its ovaries and testis are toxic, and animals eat abdominal cramps, followed by paralysis, dyspnea and death; People start diarrhea 4-5 hours after eating their gonads, and then vomit. Its peritoneum is also toxic. If the peritoneum of fresh fish is not removed or washed, it will be poisoned after eating, ranging from dizziness, listlessness and mild diarrhea to diarrhea for more than ten times a day. If you eat too much fish eggs and peritoneum, serious poisoning will cause death. The viscera and peritoneum should be discarded when eating fresh and processing dry products to avoid poisoning.