English name: Ricinus? communism

Euphorbiaceae) plant, scientific name castor? Communism. Oil refined for medicine and industry is cultivated or used as a landscape tree for viewing its leaves. Palmate, 12 split, big and beautiful; The fruit is bronzed to red, with bristles and thorns, clustered and beautiful, and is usually harvested before maturity. The seed looks like a bean with spots on its surface. It contains ricin when it matures. It may be native to Africa and has been naturalized in tropical areas around the world. India and Brazil are the main growing countries. Castor oil is used as lubricating oil and laxative. In the tropics, this plant can reach 10? 13m (30？ 40 feet). In temperate climate, only 1.5? 2.4 million annual plants. Ricinus communis is only one kind of castor, but there are hundreds of natural types and many horticultural varieties.

An annual or perennial herb of Ricinus of Euphorbiaceae. Originated in East Africa, it was introduced to America through Asia and then to Europe. Ricinus communis from China was introduced from India and distributed from Hainan to the south of 49 north latitude of Heilongjiang. North China and Northeast China are the most, followed by Northwest China and East China? Others are planted sporadically? . There are semi-wild perennial castor beans in the tropics. ?

There are two kinds of castor cultivation: oil, oil and medicine. The root system is developed and buried deeply. The stem is elastic? , hollow, branch? The number of branches varies with variety and density. Perennial castor gundam? More than 5 meters. The stems and leaves are green or purplish red. The plants are covered with white wax powder, which is smooth and hairless. Leaves are palm-shaped, and some are chicken feet-shaped. Flowers unisexual, racemose panicle, female flowers in the upper part of panicle axis, red style, male flowers in the lower part. Occasionally, plants have mixed bisexual flowers or only a single female flower. Capsule with or without thorns, 3 rooms, each room 1 seed. The leather shell is smooth, hard and brittle, with light patterns, red to dark brown. The optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 28℃. ?

Is castor in the north of China?

Yuquanshan Ricinus communis

Deep ploughing before winter, applying organic fertilizer to ripen the soil, and planting in pieces. In the south, gaps are used for planting. Seed development does not need high temperature, and seedlings can tolerate it. 0℃? Left and right low temperatures. Direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be carried out. Spring sowing in the north should be early, and sowing can be carried out when the temperature is stable at 65438 00℃, so as to prolong the growth period and increase the yield. Perennial castor can be planted with perennial roots. Before overwintering, the aboveground parts should be cut off and covered with heat preservation and antifreeze. Harvest when most capsules are dark brown or yellowish brown and cracks begin to appear. Is the main pest Fusarium wilt? Leaf blight? , bacterial spot disease and cutworm, cotton bollworm, thorn moth, castor silkworm moth.

The oil content of castor seeds is about 50%. Castor oil is an important industrial oil, which can be used to make surfactants. , fatty acid glyceride? , aliphatic diol, drying oil? , sebacic acid, polymerization stabilizer and plasticizer, foamed plastics and elastic rubber, etc. And it is a high-grade lubricating oil raw material? . Can I also take medicine? It has a laxative effect. Cake powder is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is a good organic fertilizer and can be used as feed after detoxification at high temperature. Stem bark is rich in fiber and is the raw material for papermaking and rayon.

Morphology and characteristics? There are two kinds of cultivated species: oil and oil and medicine. There are many cultivated varieties in China, including medium-sized seeds with thorns, medium-sized seeds without thorns, small seeds with red stems, small seeds with white stems and small seeds with wax leaves. Everyone likes to resist high temperature and freezing, but they are resistant to alkali and acid and have strong adaptability. However, it is not tolerant to low temperature at seedling stage and will freeze to death at-1℃. Seed propagation. The flowering period is long, and pollen is released when flowering, mainly by wind and insect pollination. Ricinus communis has a well-developed root system with a depth of 2-4 meters, and its lateral roots extend horizontally for about 2 meters. The stem is soft and tough, hollow, and branches from section to section. The number of branches per plant is related to variety and planting density. Perennial castor has thick stems, lush branches and leaves, more than 5 meters high, and the stem circumference is 15 ~ 20 cm. The stems and leaves are green or purplish red. The plants are covered with white wax powder, which is smooth and hairless. Leaves are palm-shaped, and some are chicken feet-shaped. Flowers unisexual, racemose panicle, female flowers in the upper part of panicle axis, red style, male flowers in the lower part. Occasionally, plants have mixed bisexual flowers or only a single female flower. Capsule with thorns, sparse without thorns, 3 rooms, each room 1 seed. The leather shell is smooth, hard and brittle, red to dark brown, with light patterns on it. The oil content of seeds is about 50%. The optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 28℃. The accumulated temperature from emergence to maturity needs 2000 ~ 3500℃. When the average temperature is lower than 20℃, the growth and development are slow, and the yield and oil content are affected.

Euphorbiaceae? (Euphorbiaceae) Ricinus communis is an annual or perennial herb. Castor oil is an important industrial oil.

Castor (castor? communis)

History and communication? Ricinus communis originated in East Africa, and then spread to America and Europe through Asia. Ricinus communis in China was introduced from India, and it has been cultivated and utilized for over 300 years. It was recorded in Tang Herbal Medicine (AD 639). For a long time, sporadic planting, mostly in fields, low slopes, houses or roadside gaps. The harvested castor seeds can be used for oil extraction, with high viscosity, low freezing point, cold and high temperature resistance, no freezing at -8 ~- 10℃, no solidification and denaturation at 500 ~ 600℃, and incomparable characteristics of other oils. It is an important raw material for chemical industry, light industry, metallurgy, electromechanical, textile, printing, dyes and other industries and medicines. Oil meal can be used as fertilizer, feed and raw material of activated carbon and film. Since the 20th century, the production of castor oil has developed rapidly because modern industry needs a lot of high-grade lubricating oil.

Castor oil is inedible. It has high economic value and is a medicinal laxative. In textile, chemical and light industry, castor oil is used as dyeing auxiliary, lubricant, plasticizer, emulsifier and raw material for making coatings, paints, soaps and inks. ?

Castor oil was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain sulfate with good surface activity (commonly known as Turkish red oil). Castor oil can be dehydrated to obtain dry oil with double bond of yoke. A variety of products can be obtained by treating castor oil under different hydrogenation conditions, so castor oil is widely used in various industrial sectors. Castor oil is the closest to pure complex triglyceride, and only olive oil (containing about 80% oleic acid), safflower oil (containing more than 70% linoleic acid) and tung oil (containing about 85% eleostearic acid) have this characteristic. ?

The content of unsaponifiable matter in castor oil is less than 65438 0%. The vitamin content is low (about 0.05). ?

Castor seeds have high oil content. Because of the different uses of oil, the methods of oil extraction are also different. Medicinal castor oil is cooled by hydraulic press. Squeeze, the temperature does not exceed 50℃, otherwise some impurities will be dissolved in oil and cannot be used as medicine. The oil obtained by cold pressing is called castor oil 1. After the cake meal is crushed, it is squeezed or leached again to prepare No.3 castor oil (No.2) for industrial use. Castor oil extracted by direct pressing or pre-pressing with screw oil press can only be used as industrial oil.

China is located in the south of 49 north latitude from Hainan to Heilongjiang. North China and Northeast China have the largest output, followed by Northwest China and East China, and most other places are planted sporadically. There are semi-wild perennial castor beans in the tropics.

Cultivation? Castor is a deep-rooted crop. In the large-scale planting areas in northern China, deep ploughing and soil weathering are often carried out before winter to improve the performance of water storage and fertilizer conservation. The south uses gaps to sow seeds. I like temperature, but seeds don't need high temperature to germinate. Seeds with hard shells and slow water absorption should be sown in early spring and can be sown when the temperature is stable at 65438 00℃. Seedlings can also be transplanted. Seedlings can tolerate low temperatures around zero. Early sowing castor in the north can prolong the growth period and increase the yield. Perennial castor can also be planted with perennial roots. Before overwintering, cut off the aboveground parts and cover them with soil or farmyard manure. Straw or film can also be used to prevent freezing and keep warm. The plant spacing should be 65 ~ 100 cm. When 1 ~ 6 leaves are true, the terminal buds of the main stem are removed to promote the growth and development of the lateral branches. ? When most capsules are dark brown or yellowish brown and cracks begin to appear, they can also be harvested by stages. Perennial castor can be harvested continuously for about 10 years. The main diseases are Fusarium wilt, leaf blight and bacterial spot disease. The main pests are cutworms, cotton bollworm, stickleback moth and castor silkworm moth.

Introduction to medicine? The whole herb is used as medicine, which has the effects of eliminating dampness, dredging collaterals, reducing swelling and pulling out poison. Seeds contain ricin, which is not suitable for oral administration without heating.

Smell: sweet, pungent, flat, slightly toxic. ?

Indications:

1, hemiplegia, loss of voice, silence. Take a liter of castor oil and a barrel of wine and boil them in a copper pot. Take them carefully.

2, the mouth is skewed. Mash castor seeds into paste, stick them to the right if the left side is inclined, and stick them to the left if the right side is inclined. Effective.

3, the atmosphere has a headache. Evenly divide Olibanum and Semen Cassiae, pound them into cakes and stick them on the temples. Another prescription: half a piece of castor bean and fifteen pieces of jujube meat, which are pounded on paper, rolled into a tube and inserted into the nose, and can be cured when the nose is clear.

4, nasal congestion. Use 20 castor seeds and jujube 1 seed (peeled), mash them evenly, wrap them in cotton and stuff them in your nose. Change the dressing once a day. After 30 days, nasal congestion and sense of smell recovered.

5, acute laryngitis, clenched teeth. Grind castor kernel, make a tube with paper roll, burn out the smoke and smoke the throat. This side is called "sacred chimney".

6, sore throat. Use one castor seed and one nitrate, grind them together, pump water and take them in two or three times, which is very effective.

7. The water is full of gas. Grind castor seeds, add water to form a three-in-one mixture, take it all at once in the morning, and discharge green and yellow water at noon. A strong man can take five castor seeds.

8. beriberi. Seven rotten castor beans, shelled and crushed, mixed with storax, stuck to the heart and the pain stopped.

9, urine can not be omnipotent castor bean three rotten, fine research, wrapped in paper twist, inserted into the urethra, that is, pass.

10, uterine prolapse. There are castor beans, dried alum and equal parts, which are spread on paper and put into the uterus; At the same time, fourteen castor seeds were ground into paste and coated on the top of the heart.

1 1, give birth to a fetus (regardless of stillbirth). Use two castor beans, two croton seeds and a musk, grind them evenly and stick them on the navel to the heart.

12, all toxic swelling. Mashed with castor seeds and applied to the affected area.

13, furuncle wind (nose collapse, finger bending, finger joint pain, gradual break). Use one or two castor beans, peel one or two coptis chinensis, file it as big as beans, and soak it in a liter of water. In a few days, take a castor bean and break it, and take it with water soaked in medicine. The number of castor beans can be increased to four or five at a time in the future. It doesn't matter if you have slight diarrhea in your stomach. You can add water after you don't use the medicine. After two months of gaining weight, try garlic pork. If you don't get sick after using it, it is effective to take medicine. If you are still sick, you must continue to take medicine.

14, tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Stir-fry castor beans, peel them, and eat two or three tablets every time you sleep. It's effective. But don't eat fried beans all your life.

15. Wind-blown lung surface sores (white flaky or slightly red sores). Mud fifty castor seeds, three ginkgo seeds, three jujubes, one wasong San Qian and one Gleditsia sinensis into mud, and wrap jiaozi to wash his face.

16, freckles on the face were ground with castor bean, honey monk, sulfur and money. Mix the marrow of sheep brain and apply it to the spot every night.

17, sudden deafness. Use 100 castor seeds, shells and 15 jujubes, mash them together, add a little human milk, and make them into spindles. When in use, take a piece, wrap it in cotton and put it in your ear. Change the dressing once a day. It recovered in 20 days.

18, soup fire injury. Use castor bean clam powder, divide the powder, add oil to the soup, and add water to the fire.

Attachment: Castor leaves: toxic, can treat beriberi, wind swelling, stop nosebleeds, and also treat phlegm, asthma and cough.

Alias red castor

Source This product is Ricinus communis L. of Euphorbiaceae. Castor? communis？ Seeds (see "castor beans"), roots and leaves are used as medicine. Collect roots and leaves in summer and autumn, dry them or use them fresh.

Sexual taste returns to menstruation?

Leaves: Gan, Xin and Ping. A little poisonous.

Root: light, slightly pungent, flat.

This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is the whole plant, and its seeds are highly toxic. Children eat 3-4 pills, and adults may die of poisoning if they eat 20 pills. Generally, mild poisoning patients appear weak after half a day, while severe poisoning patients appear nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, elevated body temperature, accelerated breathing, limb convulsions, spasms, coma and death. Cattle, horses, pigs, etc. Eating castor beans by mistake can cause loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, spasm, and even death in severe cases. Lethal dose of livestock eating castor seeds by mistake: horse 36-50g, cow 350—450g, calf 20g, sheep 30g, goat105-15-20g, pig 60g, piglet15-20g, rabbit1.5g.

Functional indications?

Leaves: detumescence, detoxification and itching relief. Treat sores and swelling, and mash fresh products for external application; Treating eczema and itching, decocting in water and washing outside; It can also kill maggots and old people.

Root: dispel wind and promote blood circulation, relieve pain and soothe the nerves. Used for rheumatic joint pain, tetanus, epilepsy and schizophrenia.