Bamboo fungus can be cultivated at temperatures above 7℃, and it is appropriate to cultivate it in October to December. Choose a cool and windy site and dig beds that are 10-15 centimeters deep, 100 centimeters wide and unlimited in length. The bottom of the bed to stay 10 cm loose soil, the first layer of bamboo or wood (dry bamboo need to be washed and soaked for 8 to 12 hours, dry the surface water), in the bamboo or wood sowing 1 layer of strains, sprinkle 1 layer of dry bamboo leaves, the top covered with fertilizer soil 10 cm. If the shade conditions are poor, a shade canopy should be built on the bed bed. Frequently sprinkle water to keep the topsoil moist. From inoculation to harvest after 10-12 months.
In addition, there are strains of briquettes cultivation method, plastic bag direct cultivation method. (1) moisture management is the key to the success of cultivation. Mycelium growth stage soil humidity should be maintained 65 ~ 70%, too much humidity is not favorable. If the soil is too dry, you can spray fine water, but do not make the soil on the water.
(2) Management of each growth stage. The bud growth stage, the temperature is best controlled at 20 to 23 ℃, air relative humidity at 70 to 75%; the substrate growth stage air relative humidity increased to 90 to 95%, you can spray water 3 to 4 times a day; open the window to ventilate 1 to 2 times a day, 30 minutes each time.
(3) the management of outdoor bed border cultivation. Strictly prevent people and animals from trampling. In the process of germination, usually do not dig up and check, so as not to break the mycelium.
(4) timely replenishment of soil. If the buried segments of wood exposed to the surface of the soil, should be timely replenishment of soil cover. Cultivation of woodland
The woodland for cultivation of bamboo fungus should be selected as a place of moso bamboo forest or bamboo-broad mixed forest with convenient management, gentle slope, north wind at the back, water source, fertile and moist soil with good drainage, sandy loam soil, and the degree of depression of the forest stand should be 0.8-0.9, preferably in the valley section of a small stream.
Opening Cultivation Pits
Inside the selected forest plot, open cultivation pits 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 20 centimeters deep according to the horizontal band and fill them with fertile topsoil, about 5 centimeters thick. Drainage ditches are dug around the perimeter to avoid waterlogging.
Culture material treatment
Treatment methods include raw material method, cooking method and fermentation method. Only the fermentation method is introduced. Bamboo fungus culture materials are mainly dried bamboo poles, bamboo branches, bamboo whips, bamboo leaves and other bamboo materials, which are cut into small pieces of 3-5 centimeters in length and 1-1.5 centimeters in width (bamboo leaves are cut into 2-3 centimeters pieces or crushed can be used).
The formula of the culture material is 77% of bamboo slices, 20% of bamboo leaves, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder, 0.5% of urea and 0.5% of lime. Bamboo slices and bamboo leaves were first pre-wetted with clarified lime water to a humidity of about 60% to 65%, added urea and then stacked. The temperature of the middle layer of the pile will rise to over 60°C. When the temperature drops to 30°C, the first turning of the pile will be carried out, and this stage will take about 7 days; then 50% of the total amount of gypsum powder will be added, and the moisture will be replenished to 65% of the humidity, and the second turning of the pile will be carried out after another 6 days; the rest of the 50% gypsum powder will be added, and the humidity will be adjusted to 65%, and the third turning of the pile will be carried out after 5 more days; calcium superphosphate will be added and zinc will be sprayed into the pile. Sulfur phosphorus insecticide 500 times liquid, adjust the humidity to 60% ~ 65%, about 4 days apart, the fourth pile turning, and then adjust the humidity to 55% ~ 60%. Each turnover should be carried out when the temperature in the center of the heap drops, and the surface dry layer is turned to the middle layer, and the middle layer is turned to the outer layer. At the end of fermentation, the material is coffee-colored, slightly ammonia odor, no mold, bamboo pieces become brittle and easy to break. Cultivation of inoculation, plus 1% of the total weight of the pile of sucrose water. This method is suitable for batch cultivation of bamboo fungus with better effect.
Inoculation
Cultivating bamboo fungus is the key to choosing strains. Long-skirted bamboo fungus and short-skirted bamboo fungus have good quality and high market price, but artificial cultivation is more difficult to master; while red-torpedo bamboo fungus is easy to cultivate and has high yield, but has poor quality and low selling price. In production, good strains of fungus and good strains of fungus suitable for local cultivation should be selected.
Because the growth of the mycelium of Dictyostelium mycelium is more demanding in terms of temperature and humidity, the cultivation and inoculation time is generally appropriate in April to May and October to November. Inoculation should be carried out on cloudy days or days without direct sunlight. One week before inoculation, first use 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid or 700 times zinc sulfur phosphorus liquid for soil sterilization in the cultivation pit. Then spread the treated bamboo slices in the pit, about 4 to 5 centimeters thick, and then spread the treated bamboo leaves 2 to 3 centimeters thick on top. On the bamboo leaves, bamboo fungus cultivation strains are sown in a plum blossom shape with a horizontal spacing of 10 centimeters and a vertical spacing of 12 centimeters. Then lay a layer of bamboo slices 4-5 cm thick, bamboo slices covered with a layer of 2-3 cm thick bamboo leaves, and then according to the horizontal spacing of 6 cm, longitudinal spacing of 8 cm seeding of fungus, and finally covered with a layer of bamboo leaves on the top layer of the fungus, the thickness of the fungus to cover the fungus shall prevail and gently pressed, so that the fungus and the cultivation of material in close contact. The dosage of strains is 24 bottles per square meter, of which the dosage of the top layer is 70% and the dosage of the bottom layer is 30%. The strain and culture material taken out on the same day must be inoculated on the same day.
Mulching and scaffolding
After inoculation, after the mycelium grows all over the top layer of the culture material, it should be covered with a layer of fertile and fine soil about 2~4 cm thick which has been exposed to the sun, and a layer of bamboo leaves about 2 cm thick on the surface of the soil in order to maintain good aeration and suitable humidity. Immediately after covering the soil, an arch-shaped plastic shed should be built, with a height of about 50 centimeters. Depression less than 0.8 bamboo forest, should also be in the plastic shed on the shade shed, shed height of 80 ~ 100 cm.
Precautions
In the mycelium growth stage is mainly heat preservation and moisturizing. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 24 ℃, higher than 33 ℃ or lower than 12 ℃, it stops growing. When the weather is dry, it is necessary to spray water appropriately, avoid direct spraying of the soil when spraying water, so as not to cause soil crusting, soil moisture content should be maintained at about 20%. When the temperature in the plastic shed exceeds 26 ℃, the film should be uncovered to cool down, and the corners of the plastic shed should be uncovered at noon to allow ventilation. The management of the adult bud stage is mainly to avoid direct sunlight, heat preservation and insect and disease prevention. The more suitable temperature for the development stage of the substrate is 17～25℃, and dead mushrooms will appear when it is lower than 8℃ or higher than 30℃. At 8:00 a.m. every day during the mushrooming period, it is necessary to change the air and collect the mushrooms in time; when the humidity is low, water should be sprayed in time in the morning or evening, and the nozzle should be far away from the mushroom bed, so as to avoid hurting the small buds.
Harvesting and Packaging
Bamboo fungus breaks the buds and opens the skirts generally in the early morning, and it must be harvested as it opens. It is also possible to harvest half of the open-skirt fruiting bodies or mature fungus eggs indoors to wait for all of them to open their skirts. When harvesting, use a knife to cut off the fungus cord from the bottom of the fungus holder, gently remove the cap first, then remove the fungus holder, leave the fungus stalk and fungus skirt, wipe it clean with wet gauze or rinse it clean with water, put it in a basket or bamboo basket with white paper, and don't tear it to break it. Retrieved in a timely manner after grading for drying or sun-drying, drying is appropriate to use low-temperature baking, the first 40 ℃ temperature baking, turning once every half an hour; later the temperature can slowly rise to 50 ℃, every hour turning once, about 4 hours of baking; the temperature dropped to 40 ℃ continue baking for about 3 hours. After drying, take it out and cool it for 20-30 minutes, and then grade and pack it after the fungus becomes soft. The drying rate of fresh bamboo fungus is about 2.6%~2.8%.