At present, in the domestic Chinese herbal medicine market, the phenomenon of fakes passing off as genuine, adulteration, and substandard goods passing off as good ones is quite serious. Therefore, the author wrote a special article to attract the great attention of medicinal purchasers. 1. Pretending to be genuine Sophora japonica flowers. my country’s Pharmacopoeia stipulates that Sophora japonica flowers are the flowers of Sophora japonica, a leguminous plant. It is common in the market to pass off Sophora japonica flowers as the same family of plants, and some even use Jasmine flowers, a plant in the family Oleaceae, to extract "flavor" ingredients. Then it is faked as Sophora japonica, or the jasmine flower is dyed and faked as Sophora japonica. The tortoise shell was originally the plastron and carapace of turtles in the family Chelonidae. However, in many pharmaceutical markets, there are Indian leatherback turtles, Burmese tortoises, concave-shelled tortoises, Malay closed-shelled turtles, eye-spotted bog turtles, and many other indescribable species. The carapace or plastron of medicinal turtles are used as tortoise shells, and there are even sellers who process them into pieces and pass them off as tortoise shells. The soft-shell turtle shell is originally the carapace of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, a member of the turtle family. There are many imitators on the market who pretend to be the carapace of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Some even process the carapace of the turtle family, such as the Indian leatherback turtle and the Burmese tortoise, into pieces. They are even concocted and sold as turtle shells. Similar situations include: black-browed snakes are pretended to be black-browed enamelled snakes, red-spotted enamelled snakes, mouse snakes, etc.; adder snakes are pretended to be cobra species such as bungara and krait; antler cream is pretended to be deer bones or other animals. Skeletons were passed off; deer whips were passed off as cattle whips; hawksbill shells were passed off as the scutes of Burmese tortoises; fur seal kidneys were passed off as yellow dog whips; ; Digupi is pretended to be the root bark of the velvet vine; Cortex cypress is made from sweet potato roots cut into sections; Amomum villosum is pretended to be the fruits or seeds of ginger plants such as red shell sand, mountain ginger, Huashan ginger, and Zhizhi; Fritillary fritillary is made from It is passed off as small dongbei, small flat shell, and small Zhejiang; Fangji should be Fangji fangji, but in the market it is passed off as the root of the small fruit microflower vine of the dogwood family; Puhuang should be Typhaaceae, Typha orientalis, Oriental cattail or the same genus. The dried pollen of the male inflorescence part is often passed off as the female inflorescence part (cattail), stem or crushed inflorescence rachis in the market; after red ginseng is exported, it is reprocessed and imported under the name of "Korean ginseng"; domestic ginseng , reprocessed and sold under the name of imported "American ginseng". 2. Adulteration In recent years, affected by the price of Chinese medicinal materials, there has been a phenomenon of regular medicinal materials being mixed into another medicinal product after processing, which has caused a new confusion in the varieties of Chinese medicinal materials. Adulteration of Chinese medicinal materials is currently one of the main factors affecting the quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Yam: Yam slices are mixed with sweet potato slices, especially the roots of cassava, a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. Since cassava contains cassava glycosides, if eaten accidentally, it will hydrolyze to produce hydrocyanic acid, which can cause poisoning. Whole scorpions: Before being put on the market, whole scorpions are starved for several days, then fed with insect feed and soil, and then put into boiling water to increase weight or add salt or vitriol to increase weight. Similar situations include: raw sun-dried ginseng mixed with American ginseng; white peony root mixed with paeonol bark; elecampane mixed with Atractylodes rhubarb; Dipsacus Dipsacus mixed with salvia miltiorrhiza; turmeric mixed with Corydalis Corydalis; coix seed mixed with pine shell. in; North China rhubarb is mixed into rhubarb; white peony slices are mixed into talc to increase weight or improve color; Puzzle seed balls or seeds, red cardamom or grass cardamom seeds are mixed into amomum villosum; Zhijuzi is mixed into jujube The kernels; mountain apricots, etc. are mixed into the black plum; the stamens of the lotus and the stigmas of the corn are dyed and mixed into the saffron; Cynomorium slices are mixed into the slices of Roucongrong. In worse cases, pine pollen is mixed with sawdust or yellow rice flour; honeysuckle is mixed with sugar and fine sand; seahorses are filled with cement; tremella is mixed with bird's nests; sea gold sand is mixed with red brick noodles, etc. 3. Replacing substandard Chinese medicinal materials with inferior ones. In the current medicinal materials market, fake and inferior Chinese medicinal materials can be seen everywhere. Driven by price factors, there is an abnormal phenomenon that high-quality medicinal materials cannot be sold while low-quality medicinal materials have good sales. Among them, most of the buyers of inferior medicinal materials are pharmaceutical companies. For temporary profit and to reduce production costs, some pharmaceutical companies specialize in purchasing low-quality Chinese herbal medicines at low prices. They mistakenly believe that "as long as they are not counterfeit, the quality is not considered counterfeit." This has resulted in a situation where inferior products are selling well. Antelope horns In terms of specifications and grades, antelope horns with a texture as smooth as jade are better, but some operators steam inferior antelope horns overnight before going on sale to make them better in color and gain weight. Panax notoginseng is better if it has a larger taproot. However, some operators glue and process small Panax notoginseng into large Panax notoginseng and sell them at a high price. Similar situations include: domestically grown Gastrodia elata is used as wild Gastrodia elata; cypress seeds, hemp seeds and other serious "oil leakage" are still sold as high-quality medicinal materials; obviously ossified velvet antler slices are used as high-quality velvet antler slices, etc.