17 juvenile leap soil I. Interpretation of teaching materials1.Brief introduction to the text. This article is excerpted from Lu Xun's short story Hometown. Through the memory of "I", the text depicts the image of a knowledgeable, lively, lovely, intelligent and capable rural teenager-Runtu, which reflects the short and sincere friendship between "I" and his childhood and his nostalgia. The text first describes the leap soil in my memory, and then writes the process of getting to know and get along with it. I focused on four things: catching birds in the snow, picking up seashells by the sea, watching melons sting and watching jumping fish. Finally, write the difference and friendship between the two. At the beginning of the text, what is presented to the readers is the scene of jumping into the soil to see the melon stabbing pain. After reading this passage, the image of the young man's leap soil is deeply imprinted in our minds. From the text, we can easily find that the "leap soil" written by the author is very different from "I". For example, Runtu lives in a "seaside village" and "I" lives in a "high-walled courtyard"; Runtu is the son of a "busy moon" and "I" is a "young master"; Leap earth is well informed, but "I" is ignorant. Different environments, different classes and different lives have not made me happy, but have caused me to be dissatisfied with my position and environment, which all reveal my yearning for colorful rural life. The first point of teaching this lesson is to grasp the description of the appearance, language and movement of the leap soil and experience the characteristics of the character; The second is to understand the changes of my thoughts and feelings by understanding profound sentences; The third is to get to know Lu Xun for the first time and understand his literary achievements. 2. Word analysis. (1) Understanding of sentences. I didn't know what this so-called stubborn thing was then-even now-but I felt like a puppy and fierce for no reason. The two dashes in this sentence serve as supplementary explanations. The word "unprovoked" means "without reason or basis". I didn't know what kind of animal Yan was at that time or now, but subjectively thought it looked like a dog and was fierce. I didn't know there were so many new things in the world: there were so many colorful shells by the sea; Watermelon has such a dangerous experience that I only knew it was sold in a fruit shop. "Vegetarian" always means. "New things" refers to many things that Runtu told me about the countryside and the seaside, which I never knew, so I felt new. "So" means "so" and "like this". The sentence tells these new things from two aspects: first, there are so many colorful shells on the seashore, and second, it tells about the danger of watermelon being eaten by animals such as Yan. "I" have never known these many new things, because "I" have lived a life of reaching out with clothes and making ends meet, and have never been exposed to these things. This sentence expresses "I"' s envy and admiration for the young boy. Like me, they only see the sky in the four corners of the high wall in the yard. This is a sentence in which "I" expresses my feelings. "They" refers to my usual friends. "The sky in the four corners of the high wall in the yard" means that the world where "I" and "my usual friends" live is very narrow, which is in sharp contrast with the leap soil living by the sea because they are locked in the deep courtyard with high walls all day. "I" and "my usual friends" are "young masters", who live in the courtyard all day and can't get in touch with nature widely, like frogs in the well, with narrow horizons. This sentence expresses "I"' s dissatisfaction with my environment and reveals my yearning for the colorful life in the countryside. (2) Understanding of words. In the meantime: in the middle. Qi, that. This lesson refers to the watermelon field. Sacrifice: On festivals or on the anniversary of the birth or death of ancestors, people offer offerings, salute, show reverence and pray for protection to the gods or ancestors. Year of value: when people of the same clan sacrifice their ancestors, each family takes turns to prepare, and the year whose turn it is to prepare is called the year of value. Five elements: refers to gold, wood, water, fire and earth. Superstitious people use the five elements to calculate people's fate. The five elements of leap soil are short of soil, so it is named "leap soil", which means that the five elements are complete. Make a wish: make a wish. Superstitious people pray for the Buddha and make some kind of reward. It also means to promise the other party some benefits in the future in advance. Installation: installation, an instrument for catching birds. Installing a trap means installing a trap to catch birds. Bamboo plaque: a round bamboo utensil with shallow edges. Shegu: withered millet. Tidal flood: a spring tide that comes regularly throughout the year. Jumping fish: refers to the mudskipper, with a body length of about10cm, slightly flat on one side and light brown, inhabiting the beaches of Yu Haibin, often jumping out of the water and foraging on land, which is edible. It is produced in the north and south coasts of our country. Second, the teaching goal1.can write 7 new words. Read and write correctly the words "crotch, kitchen, hedgehog, beast, bright" and so on. 2. Read the text with emotion. Recite the first paragraph. 3. Understand the profound sentences and experience the changes of "I" thoughts and feelings. 4. Through the appearance, language and movements of Runtu, we can understand the characteristics of Runtu. 5. Get to know Lu Xun for the first time and understand his literary achievements. Third, teaching suggestions1.This is the first text of this unit "Getting to know Lu Xun for the first time". The purpose of the textbook arrangement is to let students feel the achievements of Mr. Lu Xun as a great writer. Combined with the unit introduction and after-class information kit, teachers can briefly introduce Mr. Lu Xun first. 2. When reading the text for the first time, read the text smoothly, and draw words that you don't understand, and try to figure out the inner feelings and emotions of the characters. Some words in Lu Xun's works are unfamiliar to students today. The names of some things do not affect students' understanding of the text, so there is no need to delve into them. There are some semi-written and semi-written words that students will feel unaccustomed to reading and have difficulty in understanding. Teachers should help students understand these words. For example, "yes" means "yes". "I don't know" means I don't know. "Feeling for no reason" means feeling for no reason. "Vegetarian" always means. "Never know" means never know. "So" means "so" and "like this". "Before" means before. "Only know", only know. These words should help students to dredge in the process of understanding the text. There are also some words, such as "Worthy Year", "Sacrifice", "Five Elements" and "Leap Moon", which can be explained by the teacher in a popular way, so students can get a general understanding. It is necessary to correctly distinguish the different pronunciations of the polyphonic word "Zheng" in "Zheng (in the kitchen) and" Zheng (in the moon) "and" Buddha "in" as if (fú) "and" Buddha (fó) ". Students should also be reminded of the pronunciation of the words "five elements (xíng)" and "gòng (gê ng)". "Livestock" is pronounced chù, don't mispronounce it as xù. This text is about characters. In teaching, students should not only understand the character characteristics of Runtu, a rural teenager, but also guide students to understand how the author writes these characteristics. Runtu is a smart, knowledgeable, lively and lovely rural teenager. By depicting Runtu's appearance, movements and demeanor, the strange and interesting things Runtu told me, and the feelings I felt when I got along with Runtu, the image of Runtu left an unforgettable impression not only on me, but also on readers. This text shows the deep friendship between "I" and Runtu, which can touch students' hearts. To guide reading aloud, we should first let the students enter the country and enter the country, so as to read out their feelings and express their feelings such as "hope", "approval" and "discomfort when parting". Teachers should pay attention to mobilizing students' life accumulation, fully expand their imagination, give play to the role of text illustrations, and guide students to enter the situation and experience their feelings. The forms of reading exercises can be varied. For example, let students choose their favorite paragraphs and read them several times to make them catchy. On this basis, students can choose their partners freely, form study groups, and read aloud in different roles, so that students can try to figure out the inner feelings and emotions of the characters and read out their feelings, and read and comment on each other alternately in the groups. 5. Guide students to read the text, and find out four things told by young leap soil. The first thing is to catch birds in advance. This matter is closely related to the above "he can pretend to catch small birds". Runtu talked about the time of catching birds-it snowed heavily; The place where birds are caught-on the sand; The way to catch birds-set up a big bamboo plaque, sow the valley, and pull the rope when the birds come to eat; The result of bird catching-there are all kinds of birds. It shows that Runtu is an expert in bird catching. This makes me always look forward to snow. The second thing is about the fun of picking up shells by the sea. Shells are colorful and grotesque. The third thing is to look at melons and thorns, which is very detailed. See how nervous and thrilling it is, and how mysterious and moving this life is. It is precisely because of this story told by Runtu that I was deeply impressed, so that this picture will emerge in my mind when I think of Runtu for thirty years. This is closely related to the touching scene described at the beginning of the text in my memory of a melon stabbing under the leap moon. The connection between these two parts can be pointed out by the teacher after the students have read the text. The fourth thing is about jumping fish, which is very brief. The author wrote four things in detail, and showed the characteristics of leap soil from different aspects. Catch birds, showing the cleverness and ability of leap soil, and being well informed; Look at the thorns, reflecting the wit and courage of the leap soil; Picking up shells and watching jumping fish show that the life in leap soil is rich and colorful. Teaching should also be focused. We should pay attention to let students read their feelings according to their own understanding, and at the same time expand their imagination with the help of visual means, and be influenced by the understanding of the characteristics of leap soil. 6. Some sentences with profound meanings are difficult and important points in the teaching of this course, so that students can understand them in combination with the writing background of the text and appreciate the emotions contained in them. The text is beautifully written and vividly written, which can guide students to talk about their feelings after reading. Students may feel differently because of their different life experiences and different perspectives. The teacher wants the students to talk about what impressed them the most and give the reasons. In addition, attention should be paid to mobilizing students' life experience, giving full play to their imagination and making some scenes as specific as possible. 7. There are two descriptions of the appearance of Runtu in the text, which depict the lovely image of Runtu. After class, students can be asked to describe the appearance of teachers or classmates by imitating the writing of the text. In order to make students more interested, students can be asked not to write names, but only to write features. In the collective evaluation, let the whole class guess who it is. 8. After class, interested students can be guided to read Lu Xun's Hometown. Iv. Teaching Cases Independent Reading Feeling Imager: Last class, we got to know a lively and lovely seaside rural teenager-Runtu through reading the text for the first time. We know that he is such a child-"... with a purple round face, wearing a small felt hat and a bright silver collar around his neck ... people are very shy, but they are not afraid of me, so they talk to me when no one else is around ..." (Show sentences) From these descriptions, what impression did Leap Earth leave on you? Health: Runtu is a simple, naive and healthy seaside boy who is loved by adults. Teacher: Yes, what a delightful young farmer by the sea! The "I" in the text likes him. Why? Please read the text again and find out why. Health: The "I" in the article likes Runtu because there are endless strange things in Runtu's heart that my usual friends don't know. Teacher: Who are my usual friends? Student: A young master like me. Teacher: Yes, "There are endless strange things in Runtu's heart". How many things are mentioned in the text? Read the text quickly and find it. Health: talk about catching birds, picking up shells, managing watermelons and watching jumping fish. Teacher: Among these things, what impressed the author the most? Health: Look at the thorn in the melon. Teacher: Why? Health: Because this incident is the most thrilling and exciting, and the author has written it in the most detail. Teacher: That's a good speech. Please follow the reading tips and walk into these four strange things, and you will know more about the simple and innocent seaside boy. Show reading tips: read the four things written in the text, read the paragraphs or sentences that impress you the most and interest you the most several times, and understand how the text expresses the characteristics of the characters through their dialogue, appearance and action description. What you don't understand can also be discussed with teachers and classmates. (Students teach themselves, and teachers patrol and guide them. ) Teacher: From what words do you know what kind of child Runtu is? Health: The stabbing shows the wit and courage of Runtu. Teacher: Tell me your reasons. Health: "Under the moon, listen, it's ringing ... walking gently ..." From this sentence, I can see that Runtu is brave. Teacher: Under the moon, Yan is coming ... Please read this sentence gently, and be careful not to scare Yan away. Teacher: Is there anything else? Health: "There is a beard fork. When I arrived, I saw Yan ... as slippery as oil ... "Teacher: Although Yan can bite people and is so clever, he was stabbed by the leap soil, which shows that the leap soil is not only brave, but also witty! Please read the dialogue between them again. The male students read the language of the leap soil and the female students read the language of "I". Teacher's introduction: Runtu said to me again, (Students began to read ...) Teacher: This is the most impressive thing for me, so although 30 years have passed, when I recall the past, it seems that the scene has just been experienced, just before my eyes. Guide the study in the first paragraph, and experience the beauty of artistic conception from the description of scenery (sky, full moon, sea, sand, watermelon, melon watcher) and color (dark blue, golden yellow and green); Experience the wit and courage of Runtu from holding the steel fork in your hand and stabbing it hard. Read individually-read in groups-read together and experience. Teachers and students continue to communicate and learn three other things. (Fragment design: Zhu Jumei, Dongfeng Primary School, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province) V. Related links Why are some words esoteric in the text? For example, why is the "necklace with a silver ring" not a "necklace with a silver ring"? The meaning of words such as "I didn't know", "for no reason" and "I only knew it was sold in a fruit shop". Ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are divided by the May 4th New Culture Movement. The text "Young Runtu" is an excerpt from Lu Xun's novel "Hometown", which was written in 192 1 year during the New Culture Movement. Although it was in the vernacular that was strongly advocated at that time, it was at the turn of ancient and modern Chinese, and some of the written forms of words used in Lu Xun's writing still retained traces of ancient Chinese words, which were not exactly the same as those of modern Chinese words. On the writing background of the novel "Hometown" The material of the short story "Hometown" is what Lu Xun 19 19 saw when he returned to his hometown from Beijing, but it profoundly summarized the history of rural economic depression and increasing poverty of farmers in China in the first 30 years of 192 1 year, especially in the decade after the Revolution of 1911. 19 191February, Lu Xun returned to his hometown of Shaoxing from Beijing, sold his old home in Xintaimen with more than ten families of the same family, and came to Beijing with his mother, three brothers and their families. This time back to the countryside, Zhang Runshui, a childhood partner and farmer, came to visit Lu Xun from the seaside countryside. Zhang Runshui, who was just over thirty, was wrinkled and haggard. He told the tragic situation that "it is always difficult to be a man in the countryside, and it is always necessary to donate three or four times to take something out", which aroused Lu Xun's deep sympathy. Later, Lu Xun artistically reproduced the experience of returning to his hometown in the novel "Hometown", and took Zhang Runshui as the prototype to create a profound and meaningful character image of Runtu. The novel is written in the first person, and the thoughts and feelings of "I" in it truly reflect the thoughts and feelings of Lu Xun, but this is a literary work. After fiction and imagination, it cannot be said that "I" is Lu Xun. The text is an interlude in the novel, and the title "Young Runtu" was added by the editor. The central idea shown in the excerpted chapters is different from the theme of the whole novel "Hometown". My hometown (excerpt) Lu Xun ... One day it was a very cold afternoon. I had lunch and sat drinking tea. I thought someone came in outside, so I looked back. When I saw it, I was very surprised. I stood up hurriedly and walked towards it. This is the leap soil. Although I knew it was a leap soil at first sight, it was not my memory. His figure has doubled; The previous purple round face has turned gray and yellow, and deep wrinkles have been added; Like his father, his eyes are swollen all around, which I know. People who farm by the sea blow the sea breeze all day long, which is generally the case. He has a worn felt hat on his head and only a very thin cotton-padded coat on his body. Holding a paper bag and a long pipe in my hand, it is not the red and round hand I remember, but it is thick, stupid and cracked, like pine bark. I was very excited at this moment, but I didn't know how to say it. I just said, "Ah! Brother Runtu,-You're here? ..... "Then I had a lot of words that I wanted to gush out like beads: horn chicken, jumping fish, shells, clams, ... but I always felt as if I was blocked by something, and I couldn't spit it out. He stopped, his face showing joy and desolation; Moving his lips, but he was silent. At last, his attitude was respectful and he shouted clearly, "Sir! ..... "I seem to have a cold shiver; I knew there was a sad thick barrier between us. I can't speak either. He turned around and said, "Shuisheng, kowtow to the master." He dragged out the child hiding behind him. It was a leap soil 20 years ago, but it was thinner and yellow, and there was no silver ring around his neck. "This is the fifth child, who has never seen the world and is evasive ..." Mother and Honger came downstairs, and they probably heard the sound. "The old lady. The letter was received early. I really like it until my master comes back ... "said Runtu. "Ah, why are you so polite. Didn't you call yourselves brothers before? Still the same: Xun Ge. " Mother said happily. "Ah, the old lady is really ... this into what rules. At that time, I was a child and didn't understand ... "Runtu said, and called Shuishang to arch, but the child was shy and stuck tightly behind him. "He is aquatic? The fifth one? They are all strangers, and it is no wonder that they are afraid of life; Or Honger goes for a walk with him. " Mother said. Macro son heard this, then to recruit aquatic, aquatic but relaxed and cool all the way out with him. Mother asked Runtu to sit down. He hesitated once, finally sat down, leaned the long pipe against the table, handed the paper bag and said, "There is nothing in winter. This dried green beans are dried there by themselves, please sir ... "I asked him about his situation. He just shook his head. "Very difficult. The sixth child will also help, but always can't eat enough ... It's not peaceful ... Money is needed everywhere, there is no regulation ... The harvest is bad. When you grow something and choose to sell it, you always have to donate a few times and lose money; If you don't sell it, you can only rot ... "He just shook his head, and although his face was engraved with many wrinkles, he didn't move at all, just like a stone statue. He just felt bitter, but he couldn't describe it. When he was silent for a while, he picked up the pipe and smoked silently ...