A, breakfast

1, staple food: high-fiber buns or cakes and other high-fiber staple food

2, side dishes:

①boiled eggs or eggs a...

② light soy milk, milk or millet porridge can choose one.

Ling mixed vegetables?

Two, lunch

1, the main food: high-fiber rice, high-fiber steamed buns, high-fiber noodles or other high-fiber staple food

2, side dishes:

① Lean meat, fish, chicken, duck can be chosen according to the situation.

②Stir-fried vegetables, cold vegetables, soy products and so on.

Three, dinner

1, staple food:

①high-fiber steamed buns, high-fiber rice and other high-fiber staple food.

②People who like porridge can choose millet porridge, mung bean porridge, red bean porridge and so on according to personal habits.

2, side dishes:

①Vegetables, soy products.

②Chicken, duck, meat, fish, etc. can be selected according to personal favorites.

Four, drink a cup of pure milk before going to bed at night, about 300 milliliters.

Modern medicine has proved that normal people in the diet after, with the rise in blood glucose, insulin secretion also increased, so that the blood glucose drop and maintained in the normal range, therefore, will not occur diabetes. And diabetic patients, due to the pancreatic islet function is reduced, insulin secretion absolute or relative insufficient, insulin can not be in the diet with the blood glucose increase, can not play an effective role in lowering blood glucose, so the blood glucose is more than the normal range. At this time, if you eat and drink like a normal person, without dietary control, or even over-eating, it will make the blood glucose rise too high, and it will adversely affect the pancreatic tissues which are already under-secreting, so that the pancreatic function will be even more diminished, and insulin secretion will be even more reduced, which will further aggravate the condition. Therefore, the diabetic should be reasonable dietary control.

Dietary therapy is the basis for the treatment of various types of sugar lazy now, is one of the most fundamental treatment methods for diabetes. Regardless of what type of diabetes, the severity of the condition or the presence of complications, whether or not to use insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent treatment, should be strictly carried out and long-term adherence to dietary control. For obese type II diabetic patients or elderly light cases, diet therapy can be made the main treatment method, appropriately combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs, it can achieve the purpose of effective control of the disease. For type I diabetes mellitus and severe cases, it should be based on insulin and other medications, and actively control the diet, in order to make effective control of blood glucose and prevent the deterioration of the condition. Therefore, dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus basic therapy, must be strictly observed.

1. The purpose of dietary therapy

(1) to reduce the burden on the pancreatic islets, so that blood glucose, blood lipids to reach or close to normal values, and to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications.

(2) Maintaining health so that adults can engage in a variety of normal activities and children can grow and develop normally.

(3) Maintaining normal weight. Obese people reduce energy intake, can improve the receptor sensitivity to insulin. Wasting people double can make weight gain, in order to enhance the resistance to the kind of infection.

2. Diet therapy application points

(1) Diet therapy is the basic therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, is the premise of all treatment methods, applicable to all types of diabetes mellitus patients. Light cases can receive good results with dietary therapy, medium and heavy patients, but also must be based on dietary therapy, reasonable application of physical therapy and drug therapy. Only with good dietary control, oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin pancreas can play a good therapeutic effect. Otherwise, if you rely on the so-called new drugs and ignore diet therapy, it is difficult to achieve good clinical results.

(2) Dietary therapy should be adjusted according to the condition at any time, flexible. Wasting patients can be appropriately relaxed to ensure that the total calories. Obese patients must strictly control the diet, low-calorie fat diet to reduce weight. For those who are treated with insulin, attention should be paid to the discretion of 9 to 10 am, 3 to 4 pm or bedtime meals to prevent hypoglycemia. Attention should also be paid to the appropriate addition of staple foods or additional meals when there is much physical labor or activity.

(3) Diet therapy should be scientific and reasonable, not too much and too little. That is, it can not be subjective and arbitrary, nor can it be too restrictive, a little bit of carbohydrates do not dare to eat, but aggravate the condition, or even ketosis. Should be based on their own condition, weight, height, strict calculations, in the control of total calories under the premise of scientific and rational arrangement of the diet, to achieve both meet the body's minimum needs, but also to control the total number of calories of the purpose.

(4) Scientific arrangement of staple food and side dishes, not only pay attention to the staple food and ignore side dishes. Although the main food is the main source of blood glucose, should be controlled, but the protein in the side dishes, fat into the body as usual, part of the body can also become blood glucose, become a source of blood glucose. Protein and fat in the metabolism of 58% and 10% respectively into glucose. This kind of side dishes too much, also can make weight gain, is not good for the condition, therefore, in addition to reasonable control of the main food, side dishes should also be reasonable with, otherwise as usual can not achieve the desired results.

(5) Choosing good food suitable for diabetic patients is also very important for the control of diabetes. Attention should be paid to the following two points:

① Unsuitable foods are:

Ⅰ. Foods that are easy to make blood sugar rise rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, milk sugar, fruit sugar, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juices, sweet drinks, jams, ice cream, sweet cookies, cakes, sweet breads and sugary pastries.

II. Foods that are easy to raise blood fat: tallow, mutton fat, lard, butter, cream, fat meat, cholesterol-rich foods, more special attention should be paid to, should not be used or less, to prevent atherosclerotic heart disease.

III. Alcohol should not be consumed. Because the alcohol contained in the wine does not contain other nutrients only for heat energy, each gram of alcohol heat production of about 7 kcal (294 joules), long-term drinking on the liver is not good, and easy to cause the rise of serum triglyceride. A small number of patients taking sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to panic, shortness of breath, red cheeks and other reactions after drinking alcohol. Note that insulin patients fasting drinking alcohol is easy to cause hypoglycemia, so, for the safety of patients or not drink alcohol is better.

② Suitable food: mainly food that can delay the rise of blood sugar and blood fat.

Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: this kind of food in addition to rich in protein, inorganic salts, vitamins, there are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, can reduce blood cholesterol, but also reduce blood triglyceride, contained in the gluten steroid also has a role in lowering fat.

II. Crude sugar: such as oat noodles, buckwheat noodles, hot cereals, cornmeal contains a variety of trace elements, vitamin B and edible fiber. Experiments have proved that they have the effect of delaying the rise of blood sugar. Available cornmeal, soybean flour, white flour at the ratio of 2:2:1 made of triple-flour steamed buns, pancakes, noodles, long-term deactivation, both conducive to lowering sugar and fat, but also reduce hunger.

(6) diabetes now people should eat less or no fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, and mainly glucose, sucrose, starch. Digestion and absorption after eating fast, can quickly lead to increased blood sugar, diabetic patients are not favorable. So diabetes is generally not advisable to eat more fruit. But because the fruit contains more pectin, pectin has the effect of delaying the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when the condition is stable.

When eating fruits, it is important to choose them based on their low sugar content. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its caloric energy. Convert it to staple food and reduce or deduct the amount of staple food to keep the total calories the same. It is not advisable to take fruit with every meal, and it is generally considered more appropriate to take it in small quantities between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a table of nutritional composition of the test, according to the condition of the discretionary choice.

(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the content of cholesterol in the diet. Because diabetic patients have poor control of their condition, easy to raise serum cholesterol, resulting in diabetic vascular complications, not disease coronary heart disease. So diabetic patients should limit the amount of cholesterol in the diet, generally advocate cholesterol limit of less than 300 mg per day. Therefore, the clinical should not use or less fat meat and animal offal, such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, etc., because this kind of food are rich in high cholesterol. And eat more lean meat and fish and shrimp, this is a high-protein low-fat food.

Strict dietary control is a prerequisite for the treatment of diabetes and the most important part. Doctors in clinical practice found that patients often because of poor dietary control and drugs can not play the proper efficacy. The principles of dietary control are as follows:

1. Break the misconception that "taking more hypoglycemic drugs means eating more".

2. Eat small meals. Not only to ensure the supply of calories and nutrients, but also to avoid postprandial blood sugar peaks.

3. Carbohydrate foods should be eaten as prescribed, not less or more, and should be eaten evenly (carbohydrates refer to the sugar in grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, soy products, hard fruits).

4. There is no difference between eating sweet snacks and salty snacks, both of which cause blood sugar to rise.

5. Eat the same amount of "diabetic food" as you do of regular food. "Diabetic food" refers to the use of high dietary fiber grain, such as: buckwheat, oats. Although these foods take longer to digest and absorb, they eventually turn into glucose.

6. The so-called "sugar-free food" is essentially food without added sugar, and some foods are sweetened with sweeteners instead of sucrose, and still can't be eaten casually.

7. Vegetables with starch as the main ingredient should be counted in the amount of staple food. These vegetables are potatoes, white potatoes, lotus root, yams, rhododendrons, taro, lilies, water chestnuts, cecrops and so on.

8. Beans other than soybeans, such as red beans, mung beans, fava beans, kidney beans, peas, their main ingredient is also starch, so they should also be counted as the amount of staple food.

9. Eating side dishes should also be in moderation.

10. You can't fill your stomach with hard fruits such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds and pine nuts.

11. Eat more food containing dietary fiber.

12. Eat less salt.

13. Eat less cholesterol-containing foods.

14. About eating fruits. Patients with better blood sugar control can eat fruits with low sugar content, such as apples, pears, oranges, oranges, strawberries, etc., but the amount should not be too much. The time to eat fruit should be between meals when blood sugar is low. If you eat fruit after is equal to add meals, blood sugar will be immediately high. In addition, after eating watermelon, sugar absorption is very fast, so try not to eat. Bananas are high in starch and should be counted in the amount of staple food.

15. Sweeteners are not converted to glucose and do not affect blood sugar changes, and cannot be used as self-help food for hypoglycemia.

16. Diabetics should never limit their water intake.