1 realism
Realism generally believes that realism cares about reality and reality. Realism has many meanings in liberal arts and humanities, especially in painting, literature and philosophy. It can also be used in international relations.
In art, realism refers to the accurate description and embodiment of nature or contemporary life. Realism abandons idealized imagination and advocates closely observing the appearance of things and imitating them according to facts. It contains many artistic thoughts in different civilizations.
2. Modernism
Modernism itself has a very complicated background. Strictly speaking, modernism is not a school.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9 century, the second industrial revolution shattered the cultural tradition of mankind for thousands of years. With the rise of modern industry and urbanization, the relationship between people has become more distant and indifferent, and society has become a dissident force. As individuals, people feel extremely lonely.
In the two world wars at the beginning of the 20th century, human beings massacred the same kind on a large scale with weapons invented by science and technology. The western ideas of freedom, fraternity and humanity were torn to pieces by the war, and western civilization fell into a deep crisis, and modernism came into being.
3. Postmodernism
Postmodernism, which originated from modernism and rebelled against modernism, criticized and deconstructed the way of thinking that deprived people of subjectivity, integrity, centrality and identity in the process of modernization, and also criticized and deconstructed the essentialism, foundationalism, "metaphysical presence" and "Logocentrism" of western traditional philosophy.
The representative figures are Richard Rorty of the United States (193 1-2007), jacques derrida (1930-2004) and Jean-Francois Lyota (1924- 1998).
Second, different backgrounds.
1 realism
As a special literary term, realism first appeared in the theoretical works of German playwright Schiller in the18th century. However, realism, as a literary trend of thought, literary genre and creative method, first appeared in the French literary world.
The word "Realisme" in French comes from the Latin word "Realistas". The emergence of realistic names and the existence of this literary trend of thought are basically two different things.
2. Modernism
The two world wars in the 20th century caused great trauma to people's minds. With the acceleration of industrialization, people's sense of tension has intensified, and traditional artistic expressions have been unable to meet people's spiritual needs. The development of science and technology broadens artists' horizons of understanding the world, and they try to create with new forms of expression and artistic spirit.
They created a variety of new schools which are completely different from traditional art, collectively known as modernist art, whose main characteristics are anti-tradition and anti-rationality, attaching importance to the artist's inner "self-feeling" and "self-expression", and revealing the artist's anger, negativity, pessimism, disappointment and other complex psychology.
3. Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a trend of thought that has appeared in the west since the 1960s, and it has a philosophical tendency to oppose the modern western system. However, philosophers with anti-traditional tendencies can be found in various schools of philosophy in the modern west.
Griffin, one of the active postmodernists in contemporary America, said: "If the word postmodernism can be used in different ways, it refers to a wide range of emotions, not the dogma of * * * *-that is, an emotion that believes that human beings can and must transcend modernity."
In this way, philosophical schools with this anti-traditional theoretical tendency in different periods can be attributed to postmodernism, such as post-structuralism, western Marxism and so on.
Third, the style features are different.
1 realism
Realism is not only a world outlook, but also a set of hypothetical research paradigms, which contains various realists' theories and viewpoints on development. Realism is first of all a long-standing philosophical tradition and world outlook. As a world outlook, realism is based on a pessimistic understanding of moral progress and human ability.
2. Modernism
The aesthetic consciousness of modernism has a complicated tendency. Many writers take an angry attitude towards the ugliness and evil in their works. They believe that individuals cannot change the world, so they tend to be decadent or cynical in their works.
Under the control of this concept, these writers wholeheartedly express the absurd, chaotic, obscene, evil and ugly consciousness, which makes the scenes in their works always have the characteristics of nightmares. Their reason is to show "honesty consciousness". Expressing "honesty consciousness" is the basic spirit of modernist literature.
3. Postmodernism
Postmodernism, as the internal reaction of modernism, is a rebellion against the pure rationalism and functionalism of modernism, especially the formalism of international style. Postmodernism still adheres to the people-oriented design principle, emphasizes the dominant position of people in technology, highlights the application of ergonomics in design, and pays attention to the humanization and liberalization of design.
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