1, selecting the land rectification: deep soil, uniform fertility, no saline, drainage and irrigation convenient loam or sandy loam is good, will be the plot of land deep tilled level, the ridge surface should be smooth and fine, combined with the rectification of the ground into the basal fertilizer.
2, sowing seedlings: sowing more in the final frost period, the temperature stabilized at 10 ℃ above, more seedling transplant method.
3, field management: do a good job of watering, fertilization, erection, branching and vine control, pest control and other work.
4, timely harvest: 7-10 days after the flower, the pods basically reached maturity, this time can be batch timely harvest.
A, selecting the land rectification
1, beans on the land requirements are not very strict, as long as it is not too viscous and low-lying wet plots, can be planted, but with deep soil, uniform fertility, no saline, drainage and irrigation convenient loam or sandy loam is good. Maintain a crop rotation of more than 3 years and no other varieties of cowpea can be planted within 100 meters.
2, after choosing a good plot of land, deep tilling and leveling, should be dug as deep as possible. Regarding the height of the ridge, the soil can be shorter if it is sandy, and vice versa, the ridge surface must be flat and fine, and it should be covered with mulch as soon as the ridge is raised. At the same time in the formation of the ground sprinkled with the appropriate amount of fertilizer as a base fertilizer, per acre can generally be applied to 2000-3000kg of organic fertilizer, together with 10kg of urea, 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of potassium sulphate, and the addition of pesticides in order to prevent the damage of underground pests.
Second, sowing seedlings
1, beans should not be sown early, more in the final frost period, the temperature stabilized at 10 ℃ above, should try to avoid the late frost damage in late April to early May. Before sowing the seeds in the sun 1-2 days, then soaked in warm water at 30 ℃ for 5-6 hours, excluding mold, blighted seeds and hybrids after sowing. Sowing depth 3-4cm, 2-3 seeds per hole.
2, bean seeds are small, easy to rot in cold and rainy weather, poor seedling, so more seedling transplantation method. Seedling transplanting more small plastic bags and paper tube seedlings, can also be used 5?5cm nutrient soil square seedlings, 2-3 seeds per hole, watering, pay attention to heat preservation and control growth. When the seedlings just unfolded the first pair of true leaves, seedling height of 10cm should be set in time.
Third, field management
1, watering: bean seed germination and seedling period should not have too much water, the border area of the water is easy to cause rotting, dead seedlings; flowering pods, the requirements of the appropriate air humidity and soil moisture, should be to keep the soil moist, timely drenching or watering, but the water should not be too much, but not too much. Otherwise, it is easy to rot the roots and cause flower and pod fall. Spring and summer rainy season should be timely drainage, the field can not accumulate water.
2, fertilization: seedling period should be appropriate control of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-5kg per mu of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer; 3-4 days before the flowering of compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potash, to promote the flowering of pods; into the flowering of pods after the period, should be given more phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer-based, can be 25-30kg mu of compound fertilizer; pods growth period, and then the application of compound fertilizer; pods after the period, according to the plant growth of human fecal matter. After the full pod period, according to the growth of the plant to apply human feces and urine water.
3, frame: Bean curd is a longitudinal stem crop, frame is conducive to bean curd vine on the shelf. The frame is generally in the seedling period can be carried out, in the seedling growth to 30cm or so can be set up. There are many ways to set up the frame, such as herringbone frame, hanging trailing, a word frame, to hanging trailing and herringbone frame with the highest economic efficiency. The introduction of vine on the shelf is generally selected in the sunny day at noon or afternoon, not in the dew is not dry or rainy days, so as to avoid the vine leaves broken.
4, branching control: timely removal of side shoots, when the lower side shoots grow to 3cm should be removed in a timely manner in order to improve the ventilation and light at the base of the plant. In the process of sitting pods should pay attention to the tip, pinch off the top of the growth point of the branches and vines. When only leaf buds sprout in the leaf axils but no flower buds sprout, you can wait for the lateral branches to grow to two leaves for centering. The vine control is mainly to inhibit plant growth, if the growth, can be sprayed with doxorubicin control agent.
5, pest control: bean diseases are mainly rust, leaf spot, root rot, insect pests are mainly thrips, aphids, bean borer, etc., can be used in combination with physical methods and pesticide control, once the onset of the disease should be treated in a timely manner, targeted treatment. In order to prevent insect pests, the shed can scrape the blue and yellow boards, but also can be sprayed with insecticides in advance to prevent insect pests.
Four, timely harvest
7-10 days after the flowering of beans, pods can basically reach commercial maturity, this time the pods are full, soft, should be harvested in time. When harvesting, do not damage the other buds on the inflorescence, not to mention the inflorescence stalk together with the removal, should be pressed at the base of the pod, gently twisted to the left and right, and then removed. Harvesting can be carried out in batches, if the harvest is not timely, the pods are fleshy and loose, the outer skin is thickened, the pod cavity is hollow, the quality is poor, and it will affect the yield.