1, select the land, prepare the soil, and apply organic base fertilizer again. It is better to plant corn and beans in the previous crop, and it is appropriate to choose sandy loam or loam with moist and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation, loose texture and neutral reaction; You can also choose semi-cloudy and semi-sunny gentle slope mountains, or corn fields, rape fields, wheat fields and fruit and wood forests for interplanting. The base fertilizer should be high-quality farmyard manure containing about 10,000 Jin of phosphorus and potassium per mu, and the border should be cultivated in winter as soon as possible. Whether sowing in winter or spring, the land should be watered once before freezing to facilitate soil weathering and fertilizer decomposition. Keep the soil moisture well before spring sowing. Pinellia ternata is not suitable for continuous cropping, and the yield reduction is not obvious after continuous cropping for one year, and it is seriously reduced after continuous cropping for more than three years. The plots where Pinellia ternata has rotten mother can't be planted again, otherwise the rotten mother will be more serious.
After land selection, plough the soil in winter to a depth of about 20 cm to make it weather and mature. Combined with soil preparation, 2000 kg of manure or compost and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per mu, and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Before sowing, plough 1 time, then fine harrow and make a high border with a width of 1.3 m, and the width of the border ditch is 40 cm. The length should not exceed 20 meters to facilitate irrigation. It is best to pour water before freezing to facilitate the emergence of seedlings in the next spring. If the soil is dry before planting, water it, and sow it after the water permeates and the ground is dry.
2. Select fine varieties: the fine varieties are compact in texture, full in bud head, and cut with milky white mucus that touches hands; Those with soft texture, moldy skin or water when squeezed are inferior species, and those that have been flooded are prone to rot. The yield of willow leaves and peony leaves is high. Pinellia ternata without bulbils can't be used as seeds.
First, a brief introduction of Pinellia ternata:
Pinellia ternata, also known as three-leaf Pinellia ternata; Half moon lotus; Three steps jump; Crotalaria japonica, a perennial herb of Araceae, is an important medicinal material in the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is produced in China and Japan in Asia. It has the effects of eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, regulating stomach and stopping vomiting, and is mainly used for treating phlegm-dampness and drinking water, vomiting, cough and asthma. At present, the output of Pinellia ternata mainly comes from the wild. With the development of traditional Chinese medicine, the demand of Pinellia ternata is increasing day by day. Wild Pinellia ternata can no longer meet the market demand, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. The effective way to solve the above problems is artificial planting. An artificial cultivation technique of Pinellia ternata is disclosed in Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, but the cultivation technique does not limit the size of Pinellia ternata tuber as a provenance, and the smaller Pinellia ternata tuber has a lower emergence rate, resulting in a lower yield of Pinellia ternata. Larger semi-summer tubers are not only expensive, but also require higher soil conditions when planting, so they are not suitable for large-scale cultivation and propagation materials. "Qinghai Agricultural Information Network" also discloses an artificial cultivation technology of Pinellia ternata, but in the process of planting, it only requires the planting amount of Pinellia ternata tuber per mu, and does not limit the size and land of Pinellia ternata tuber, resulting in high planting cost and low yield. Therefore, it is still an urgent problem for iu to seek standardized planting techniques with low cost, high yield and large-scale planting.
Second, the breeding method:
(1), tuber propagation
Dig up the annual tubers, mix them with wet sand and store them in the shade for reproduction. Planting time is divided into spring and autumn. In March of spring, water is poured before planting, and the tuber is soaked in 5% plant ash solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 0.005% potassium permanganate solution or vinegar 300 times solution for 2-4 hours. After drying, the tuber is planted separately according to the size, with row spacing16-20 cm and plant spacing of 6-/kloc-0.
(2) Pearl bud propagation
In summer and autumn, the pearl buds under the petiole are cultivated, the row spacing is 10- 16 cm, the plant spacing is 6- 10 cm, holes are opened, 3-5 buds are placed in each hole, and the soil is covered1.6 cm.
(3) Seed propagation
In this method, mature seeds are harvested from the withered spathe more than ten days after flowering in autumn, stored in wet sand for sowing, and sown in spring and autumn. In spring, furrows are dug on the prepared border according to the row spacing 10 ~13cm, and the seeds are evenly spread into the furrows, and covered with soil10. In addition, there is a very extensive propagation method. Pinellia ternata is very fertile. Pinellia ternata grows continuously on the planted ground every year, so it can be harvested without sowing and managing it, but the yield is low.
reference data
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