It is of certain significance to study the culture, history and social life of ancient society. The following is.
List the main traditional festivals to reward friends who are interested in this field.
One. Happy new year in the first month.
The first month, also known as New Year's Day, or the first day of the first month. The first day of the first month is twelve months in all seasons.
The day when a month begins. In Chunqiu Zhuan, the first month is called Duanyue. As soon as the cock crows, it comes to the court.
Before firecrackers, in order to make the mountain feel ashamed of evil spirits, the first month has its own calendar since ancient times.
Festival.
There are many customs in the first month, for example, young people and old people are well dressed, and they pay tribute to each other. This custom is still guaranteed today.
Holding and drinking pepper wine is to use pepper wine, or cypress wine. But some specific activities
Now it has been abandoned, including the Han and Jin dynasties. As the early Zhou Dynasty said in Local Records, "Zheng Dan,
When you swallow an egg raw, it's called practicing shape. The Record of Hua Meng in Tokyo recorded the first month of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In order to hold a grand meeting, the emperor and officials will hold large-scale collective worship activities and entertain the envoys of various countries.
Pay special attention to the banquet treatment of Liao and Korean missions. This activity has been preserved to this day.
After the Revolution of 1911, the traditional festival legally preserved by the government of the Republic of China was only the first month, but it was renamed as.
"beginning of spring", and put New Year's Day on 1 month 1 day in the western calendar, but the government and people pay more attention to beginning of spring.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) government has a four-day holiday during the Spring Festival, but at present many private enterprises have no holiday.
To the same extent, the Spring Festival has been appropriately extended, and some even extended to Yuan, including weekends.
The fifteenth day of this month.
Two. Beginning of spring offered sacrifices to farmers.
Beginning of spring is an ancient traditional festival for farmers from 1 month 1 day to 1 month 15 day.
Han Yingshao's "custom of Yi Tong", the sacrifice of farmers was carried out in April, and Emperor China changed it to February, and
In the Jin Dynasty, it was changed to beginning of spring. On this day in beginning of spring, officials should put on their costumes to celebrate and ride Koharu cattle.
In order to show support and attention to spring ploughing, people also have corresponding celebrations, this festival.
In fact, it is the real Spring Festival. Fu Xian in the Western Jin Dynasty said in Yan Fu, "Come at four o'clock, and respect him."
Let's begin. He was born in the East, but the State of Yan was established to welcome him. The ambiguity of the light wing, if it can fly,
Don't get up. Mrs. He is skilled and similar in style and appearance. When the Royal Green Book was praised, it was written in Yichun.
Jiazhi. "
Today, few people know that beginning of spring is a traditional festival.
Three. Lantern festival lantern
Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is the busiest day of the year, because after this day,
Most people have to go to work. Lantern Festival is a grand event, with lanterns and fireworks. dance
Dragon and lion dances, social acrobatics, from day to night. In order to keep up
People enjoy the same happy attitude. On this day, Wu Jin couldn't help but hold Jin Wu who was guarding the palace.
When approaching the guards, Wu Jin couldn't help but point out that the Jinshui Bridge in front of the palace is not forbidden for ordinary people to visit.
Play. Fireworks are set off near Jinshui Bridge so that the emperor and his concubines can be in the gatehouse of the imperial city.
Enjoy on the internet. In the past, fireworks were made of various firecrackers and fireworks tied to the fireworks rack one after another and burned.
The successful effect, which I saw when I was a child, is more brilliant than western-style fireworks, but it is dangerous.
Tang Su Wei's poem "Fire trees and silver flowers meet, the golden bridge is opened, the dark dust goes with the horse, and the fireflies come one by one."
Vividly summed up the scene of Yuanxi.
With the arrival of Yuanxi, many young women and family members of officials imprisoned in boudoir were allowed to make exceptions.
Come out and watch the lights, which creates a rare opportunity for young men and women to contact and perform.
Many resentful love stories are described in the vernacular novels of the Ming Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's Ci in Northern Song Dynasty
"Original inspection". Yuan Xi "Last year's Lantern Festival, the flower market was picturesque, and the willow shoots were bright, and people met to enjoy the flowers.
After dusk. On the first night of this year, the moon and lights were still there, but last year's people disappeared, and Man Chun's shirt sleeves were covered with tears. ",
I wrote about this encounter in the evening of January, and I missed her for a year. That's a real pity. Xin Qiji's Ci
Suddenly looking back, the man was there, dimly lit! ",sweetheart unexpectedly fell from the sky, its
The excitement is obvious.
The rural areas in the north still celebrate the Lunar New Year, and the south has also recovered, most of which are only
It is limited to watching song and dance programs on TV.
Four. March Qushui
According to the "Jingchu Chronicle", on the third day of March, "the sergeant went out of Zhujiangchi.
A cup of qu shui. "Qushui" is an ancient place where the river bends and the water flows slowly.
At that time, tourists drifted along the river by boat. Whenever they arrive at a harbor or a river bend, they will stop to drink water.
Wine and poetry. The origin of this festival is very early, and Emperor Wu of Jin did not know its meaning. Zhiyu replied.
It is said that his problems have existed since Duke Zhou. It turns out that the glass is filled with wine, floating in the river.
This is the first time that Wang Xizhi read the meaning of "winding water and flowing clouds" in the preface to Lanting Collection.
People who don't read the notes are easily confused by the meaning of Qushui.
Five. Cold food and no fire
Cold food was served two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day and after winter on solstice 105. On this day, the use of fire should be prohibited.
I only eat cold food such as fruits and snacks. Cold food originated from the story of burning mesons in Jin Wengong.
The story says:
Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, fled abroad with meson push, and the son of the State of Jin was hungry when passing through Wei.
His entourage, meson tui, cut off the meat from his thigh for Wen Gong to eat. Wen Gong returned to China as a pawn.
After the monarch, meson tui was the only one who didn't get the position when he was awarded the prize for his merits. Zitui
I wrote Song of the Dragon and Snake and lived in seclusion. Jin Wengong went to see Wangzitui, but Zitui refused to come out.
So Wen Gong set fire to the trees around Tui's secluded mountain, hoping to force him to leave.
Hold down the dead willow and let it burn to death. Duke Wen mourned him and ordered the people not to go on May 5th.
Make a fire, and then on May 5th of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to the time written on it.
This story is not recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records and Rongzhai by Hong Mai in the Southern Song Dynasty.
This paper makes a special study on it. Bird Yang Hao's song Zhong Lu. And Yao folk songs. Cold food on the road
"Smoking is forbidden in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and spring rain covers the countryside" seems to be a legend that cold food comes from Tang Yao.
I wonder if there is still a commemoration of the Cold Food Festival in rural Shanxi today?
Six. Qingming shangfen
After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tomb-Sweeping Day's activities of offering sacrifices to ancestors and deceased relatives only rose, because
The Chronicle of Jingchu written by Zonggu in the Southern Dynasties is not recorded. In the Northern Song Dynasty, every household was required to put willow branches at the door.
The government will hold a ceremony of "drilling wood for fire", that is, using elm wood to drill wood for fire, but it also
Holding a dragon boat race is very lively, not a simple grave sweeping activity. The so-called "Qingming"
It rains one after another, and pedestrians on the road want to die.
Qingming activities remain consistent.
Seven. April Buddha's birthday
April 8 is the birthday of the Buddha, just like Christmas in the west, which is the national religion after the spread of Buddhism to the east.
Teaching festivals. This festival didn't appear until about the Tang Dynasty. On this day, there are bathing buddhas in temples of all sizes.
At the fasting meeting, monks presented sweet medicine syrup to pilgrims, while villagers cooked wine and ate spring fruit as a souvenir.
At present, the vast majority of young people who celebrate Christmas in China do not understand the past.
China also commemorates the birthdays of western gods.
Eight. Dragon Boat Festival
May 5th is the annual Dragon Boat Festival, which is very lively. People should organize dragon boats spontaneously.
Competition, eating zongzi, drinking realgar wine and hanging wormwood at the door. This festival is said to commemorate the state of Chu.
The story of doctor Qu Yuan's concern for the country and the people and his dedication to the Miluo River, in which ordinary people wrapped glutinous rice with palm leaves.
Turn into rice balls and put them into the river as bait to keep fish and turtles from eating their respected Dr. Qu. But according to Han Danchun,
"Cao E Monument" said: "On May 5, Wu Jun was flooded against the tide." this
This is a custom handed down from the State of Wu. In Wu Zixu, it has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. The Legend of Crossing the Land says so.
This custom originated from Gou Jian, the King of Yue. The Dragon Boat Festival seems to have originated from the custom in wuyue.
The custom of drinking realgar wine, hanging wormwood and picking miscellaneous medicines may come from ancient times.
Xia: "Store medicine this month to remove poisonous gas." I told you.
The celebration of Dragon Boat Festival is still very enthusiastic in China, but it is not as popular as it was before 1960s.
There is no one, and primary and middle school students can't sit still in class when they go to see the dragon boat show. Overseas Chinese are just.
I remembered zongzi when I saw it sold in the shop.
Nine. Tanabata Qiao Qi
There was a separate article on the evening of July 7, so I won't repeat it.
With Tenuto Central Plains Ghost Festival
Mid-Autumn Festival is on July 15th, commonly known as "Ghost Festival". It is said that burning paper is to pay the debts of the deceased.
Temples should try to satisfy and make a Dojo to cross the dead. This festival originated from the Buddhist scripture "Mu"
Even save the mother ",so the Song Dynasty was very enthusiastic, and it was necessary to set up a stage in the market to sing the variety" Eyes Save the Mother ".
According to Buddhist scriptures, this story says:
Mulian met her dead mother in the underworld and immediately offered her a bowl of rice.
If rice is not imported, it will turn into charcoal, so that Mulian's mother can't eat. Mulian shouted
Call and run back to tell the Buddha. The Buddha said, "Your mother is so sinful that you can't bear it alone."
Yes, it takes the strength of ten monks. By July 15, you should be in the right place.
Seven generations of parents who suffered in prison prepared all kinds of delicious food and five kinds of fruits, and put them in pots and pans to worship the height of ten squares.
Monk virtue. I will warn all monks to wish the seven generations of parents of the donor to enter' meditation', and then
Accept food. "Mulian did as the Buddha said, and his mother relieved all the pain of the Russian ghost.
Bitter. Mu Lian then told the Buddha: "In the future, Buddhist disciples should also be filial to their parents."
Bonsai will support the top ten monks and great virtues. The Buddha said, "Well said! "
So this story is actually a combination of Confucian filial piety and Buddhist Confucian classics, which is convenient for Buddhism.
The popularity of teaching propaganda, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Orchid Club", in "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"
In the book, there are many contents about bonsai clubs. When I was a child, I heard the old man say many times, "In July and a half, ghosts are coming.".
Running around ",but I don't know why. At present, most students studying in the United States only know one "Halloween"
Festival "(Halloween, on the Gregorian calendar 10/3 1 day), and I don't know about the Magnolia in China.
Pot parties and pot parties are much more solemn than Halloween hippies.
Orchid clubs may have appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but now they are only restored in temples, which is too sealed.
Establish a superstition.
Eleven. The Mid Autumn Festival moon
On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, the moon is particularly bright and big, which is a commemoration of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Here we go. Mid-Autumn Festival, sit around and eat moon cakes, and then go out to enjoy the moon and reunite with your family.
This may come from Su Shi's poem "When will there be a bright moon? I take my glass from a distance. . . . as long as
After a long time, I have been in love for thousands of miles. "This is written by Su Dongpo who misses his brother Su Ziyou in other places.
Under this word. But the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival is not in this sense, that is, it is obviously to enjoy the moon, but it has come.
Since Tang Minghuang went to the Moon Palace with the help of the famous Taoist Ye Fashan, he has also brought with him.
The fairy song "Color Feather" has myths and legends, and I have a post to explain it, so I won't go into details.
As for the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival night, there is no record in the notes of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the legend is that it was at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
When the peasant Red Scarf Army revolted, it took round cakes as its name.
The Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Dynasty is very lively. According to the legend of Wulin, the Mid-Autumn Festival night in the Southern Song Dynasty
People want to light100000 lamps made of parchment and let them drift along the Qiantang River. This is the star at night.
Point on the Qiantang River, just like a star Han, a lot of fun.
Twelve. Gordon Chongyang
September 9 is the traditional Double Ninth Festival, which coincides with the crisp autumn air and is a good time for hiking and climbing mountains.
A good time to stay away. Wang Wei wrote in "Climbing the Mountain on September 9 to Remember Shandong Brothers": "Being unique."
As a stranger in my hometown, I miss my relatives twice every holiday. Thinking that my brothers' bodies have reached a high position, they will also regret that they can't reach me. "
Show his true feelings for his loved ones. On September 9, Cornus officinalis was covered with grass and sunny.
In the days, climbing uphill and drinking chrysanthemum wine reminds people of the integration of life and nature.
So the thought of longevity.
After the liberation of the Double Ninth Festival, there are no more celebrations.
Thirteen. Laba boiled porridge
1February 8 is the day to worship the kitchen god. The Book of Rites said, "Zhuan Xu's son called Li, as.
Worship Zhu Rong, the kitchen god. ",so the origin of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god may be before the Western Zhou Dynasty.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhen and others wrote A History of the East View of the Han Dynasty, saying that antelopes should be used to sacrifice to the kitchen god. reach
In the Song Dynasty, the so-called "laba rice" appeared in the activities of offering sacrifices to stoves, which is based on
All kinds of fruits and miscellaneous materials are cooked into porridge, which may come from the activities of Buddhism to the folk witch gods in China
Infiltration and transformation, on this day, the monks saw that everyone was offering sacrifices to traditional witchcraft gods, and they were afraid.
This is not conducive to propagating its teachings, but there must be a porridge party to give alms to the poor and helpless.
Eating it is to offset the influence of "cults", but ordinary people can't care so much, so they bring it as usual.
Anyway, it is different to eat, so I invented "Laba porridge".
Buddhism's resistance to "cults" was very successful, and previous activities such as jumping into the gods were completely eliminated.
Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo in the Eastern Han Dynasty also said: "At the end of each year, a grand Nuo ceremony is held to drive away all places.
A little evil soul. Fang thinks that God holds weapons, wizards hold brooms, and thousands of children wear red towels.
Dressed in black, armed with pink bows and arrows, they shot aimlessly everywhere. "At the age of Jingchu,
I also saw a record in Remember, but you can't see it in Tokyo Dream Record.
Such a joyous celebration.
However, "Laba porridge" has been handed down, and many families still have this custom, some of which are now
Playing a clever daughter-in-law is also very rewarding.
At the age of fourteen, stay old on New Year's Eve.
New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. On this day, ordinary families try their best to get together and surround the whole family.
Gather around the fire, drink and eat delicious food to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, while the outdoor is firecrackers.
The family spent the last night of a warm year together and has been in China so far.
The earth is still heavy, but the wonderful programs of the Spring Festival Evening spoil the warm atmosphere.
Atmosphere.
In "Jing Chu sui Shi Ji", it is recorded that:
Every family prepares delicious food and goes to the place where the New Year is over to welcome the arrival of the New Year.
Have a good drink together. Save some birthday rice and sprinkle it on 10 12 of the new year.
Go to the side of the road or street; Think it means to go to the old and welcome the new.
It seems that the youth league at that time was similar to people now, and they all had to keep their age.
In Dream of Tokyo, we saw the new progress in the celebration of New Year's Eve.
It says:
In order to exclude Japan, a big Nuo instrument was displayed in the Forbidden City, and a personal official of the imperial city was used. The students wear masks, embroidered books and colorful clothes.
Armed with a golden gun and a dragon flag. The teaching workshop made Meng Jingchu a gorgeous man. He was a general in gold, shrimp and bronze armor. Yongzhen
Two generals in the temple also introduced themselves as door gods. Jiao Fangnan River charcoal is ugly and fat, pretending to be a judge. Zaizhuang
Zhong Kui, Little Sister, Land, Kitchen God, etc. have more than a thousand people. . . Home of scholars, melting pot group
Sitting, Da Dan can't sleep. This is called "Shousui".
This Nuo instrument was a mask performance, but it could not be broadcast live or made into a movie at that time.
Honesty is a pity.
Attachment: Qixi Dialect Begging Festival
Yesterday was the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. In the past, it was said that on the night of July 7th, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the sky separated.
Meet on the Yinhe Magpie Bridge. Of course this is not true. The distance between the two sides of the galaxy is very long.
Degrees are measured in millions of light years, even if you travel across the Milky Way in a light-speed plane.
The realization of the system can never be achieved overnight.