The source of allusions
Allusions always originate from an original story. When the original story is widely known, a simple phrase can arouse people's memories of the whole story. This phrase is used in writing or dialogue, which is an allusion. "The King of Chu has a thin waist" is recorded in many ancient books. Among them, the descriptions of Warring States Policy and Mozi are more detailed and more like an original story. The chapter "Wang Wei asks Mo Aozihua" in the Warring States Policy records a conversation between Chu Weiwang and Minister Mo Aozihua. After listening to Mo Aozihua's introduction of the glorious deeds of the five famous ministers of Chu, Wang Wei was envious and sighed: "Where can we find such outstanding people in today's talent gap?" So Mo Aozihua told the following story:
"In the past, King Chu Ling's waist was thin, so the ministers of the King Ling took rice as a festival, threatened to eat it, and helped the wall to get up. Compared with the previous year, the color of North Korea has deepened. " .
Once upon a time, King Ling of Chu liked people with thin waists, and all the scholars in Chu went on a diet to lose weight, so they were so hungry that they couldn't stand up. The person sitting on the mat must stand up and hold the wall, and the person sitting on the carriage must stand up and rely on the driver. Everyone wants to eat delicious food, but people hold back. In order to slim down, they are willing to starve to death. Mo Ao Zihua went on to say that courtiers always want to be favored by the king. If the king sincerely likes sages and guides everyone to become sages, it is not difficult for Chu to become a competent minister like the top five sages.
Mozi's "All Love" (middle) tells the same story, but there are two other stories, namely "Jin Wengong's likes and dislikes" and "Betty Wong's Hao Xia", which emphasize the same truth:
"In the past, Jin Wengong's evil clothes were worn by good people, so Wen Gong's ministers all wore sheepskin. Wei holds a sword and practices silks, which is seen in the monarch and is learned in the DPRK. What is the reason? You did, so I did. In the past, King Chu Ling was a gentleman with a thin waist, so all the ministers of King Ling took eating as a holiday, threatened to have a rest and then took it with them, helped the wall and got up. Compared with the previous year, the color of North Korea has become darker. What is the reason? You say it, and I can do it. In the past, King Jian of Yue tried to be brave and taught his officials. When the harmonious boat caught fire, he tried his scholar to say,' This is Yue's treasure'. The King of Yue himself called his men together. Scholars heard the drums, broken and chaotic, and jumped into the fire, but there were more than 100 people around the dead. The king of Yue struck gold and retreated. " .
In other ancient books, the statement that "the king of Chu has a thin waist" is obviously condensed from the chapter of Wang Wei. For example, in the second chapter of Everything is done, "The King of Yue was brave, but the people died lightly. King Chu Ling has a thin waist, but there are many hungry people in the country. " The outer chapter of the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi (I): "The king of Yue is brave, and the people are lighter than death. King Chu Ling has a thin waist, and many people in his dynasty starved to death. " In the main article of Yin Wenzi (I), "Qi Huan was dressed in purple yesterday, and the border is no different." Chu Zhuang loves to have a thin waist, and the world is hungry. "And the seven ministers and seven main chapters of Guanzi are" The husband and the king are good at thin waist, but the United States saves food. " The prince of Wu loves his sword, and the guoshi dies ",all of which are similar to" universal love ". The details of the story "The King of Chu has a thin waist" are no longer described, but a sentence is said lightly, which makes the readers unable to understand. It can be seen that at the time of writing these chapters, this story has become a household name, and there is no need to waste more ink. In other words, this story has become a well-known allusion.
In "Wang Wei", we saw "an appointment for dinner", while in "All Love", it was "the former King Chu Ling", and everyone clearly pointed out the word "Shi". Today, the word "yes" is neutral, which can be said to be both "man" and "woman". However, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, scholars were a special title of a male group between Qing Dafu and ordinary people, and women were not qualified to become scholars. Mr. Yan Buke studied the origin and meaning of the word "scholar" and pointed out that "the size of a scholar" is the same. Mr. Gu Jiegang explained the definition of scholar in more detail. "China ancient scholars are warriors. Scholars are low-level aristocrats who live in the central part of the country (that is, the capital city) and have the right to control civilians and the obligation to defend the country. " So the king of Chu must like his brother's waist. What needs to be pointed out here is that in Xunzi and Yin Wenzi, the king of Chu with a good waist was written as Chu Zhuangwang. Looking through ancient books, Wang Zhuang has no other basis for this hobby. The following article will quote the classics to show that King Chu Ling is gay, at least bisexual, and his love for men's waists is determined by his sexual orientation. This word "Zhuang" should be a mistake in the word "Ling".
Different from other allusions without sexual connotation, the allusions of "The King of Chu loves the waist" have a unique phenomenon of alienation of sexual orientation in the process of its evolution and finalization. In the phrases of Yanzi Chunqiu, Han Feizi, Yin Wenzi and Xunzi, the key word "yes" referring to men has disappeared, that is, the subject with thin waist has become a neutral word. The future evolution is further feminization. This is a very interesting cultural phenomenon in the social environment where heterosexuality is absolutely dominant. "The king of Chu has a thin waist, and there are many hungry people in the palace", this sentence comes from Mario, the eldest son of the famous Ma Yuan in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. In 77 A.D., the 606th year after the death of King Chu Ling, Mario used the phrase "Wu Wang's knife skills are good, but many people are scarred" in "A Record of Persuading the Xian in Changle Palace". The king of Chu has a thin waist, and there are many hungry people in the palace. Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian in the Northern Song Dynasty both included his Shu. These two books are required reading books for ancient literati, and their influence can be imagined. Mario may have to choose the word "Gong" in Shu. His book is written for his sister Matthew. At that time, Emperor Zhang Han was raised by Matthew, but he was not his own flesh and blood. Perhaps because of this subtle relationship, Matthew has been trembling and cautious all his life. She is also very strict with her three uncles, lest they go beyond the etiquette system and cause unexpected disasters. If the words "Zhong Chao" or "China" are used in Shu, it will remind people of the story that Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty broke his sleeves. According to Confucian etiquette, this is disrespectful to the empress dowager, and it is also suspected of alluding to the former emperor. It is politically correct to use the word "palace", because in the Han palace, there are no other men except the emperor and eunuch, and the rest are women. Mario's subtle righteous words changed the sexual orientation of "The King of Chu was thin-waisted" by 180 degrees, which also attracted the understanding of this allusion by most people in society. Because the subject of thin waist is alienated to women, a sub-allusion is derived from the allusion of "the king of Chu loves thin waist": Chu waist. When poems after the Han Dynasty use the allusion of "Chu waist", it no longer contains the metaphorical meaning of "the hobby of the authorities leads the fashion trend", but only describes the slim waist of women.
The following are the original texts of Zi Tong Zhi Jian (Volume 46) and Han Ji 38:
Mario was worried that the beauty industry would be difficult to end. Shangshu suggested that Cheng Dezheng said, "In the past, Yuan Di stopped being an official and became an emperor to dress and mourn the emperor to go to Yuefu, but it was a waste of money. As for those who refused, people did not listen to them. If the husband changes politics and changes the wind direction, there must be a foundation. " "Biography of Bo Ren" said: Wu Wang is a good swordsman, and the people have created more scars; The king of Chu had a thin waist and starved to death in his palace. Chang' an language says:' the city is ten thousand meters high, only one foot high; The city is full of eyebrows, square and half-forehead; There are so many sleeves in the city, and silk is everywhere. "It's like a play, and it's true. There are not many front and back systems, but they are not good. Although officials don't obey the law, it is good to start capital slowly. Today, your majesty is simple and safe, and it comes from the divine. If you sincerely make things happen, then the world will recite morality, the gods will be able to communicate, and the situation will depend on order! "The queen mother moved.
The following are the original texts in Volume 24 of the Book of Were Han and Fourteen Biographies of Ma Yuan:
Liao's handwriting is respectful, while his father is Shao Bao. Empress Mingde was established, and Liao was appointed commander of Yulin army and warrior. The downfall of Xian Zong was forbidden by the person in charge of the testamentary edict, so Zhao Xi was replaced by Wei Wei, and Su Zong respected this very much. At that time, the empress dowager bowed to her knees, practiced frugality and kept things simple. Liao was worried that the beauty industry would be difficult to end, so he went to Changle Palace to persuade him to become a virtuous government. He said: the imperial edict of my previous life is not enough for the people, and I have been extravagant since the beginning of time. Therefore, Yuan Di stopped being an official and became an emperor, and went to Yuefu to mourn the emperor. However, waste is endless. For those who are in decline, people never do what they say. If a husband changes politics and winds, he must have a foundation. Chuan said, "The King of Wu is a good swordsman, and the people are scarred. The king of Chu had a thin waist and starved to death in his palace. " Chang' an language says: "The city is as high as a thousand feet, only one foot high;" The city is full of eyebrows, square and half-forehead; There are big sleeves in the city, and all sides are covered with silk. " It's like a play, and it's true. There are not many front and back systems, but there are also many. Although officials may not obey the law,
Ok, from the capital. Today, Your Majesty bowed in thick clothes and refused China decorations, which is simple and safe and comes from the sacred. This is a great blessing, and it is nothing more than that. Since your majesty is natural, it is appropriate to encourage him. The virtue of Emperor Taizong of France is endless. Yi says, "Don't be ashamed of virtue." If you make things happen, then the four seas will recite morality, sound heaven and earth, God can communicate, stone can be happy, but Lai Rende and order! I would like to sit on the side of the chapter and become the voice of chanting at night.
The queen mother was deeply impressed. The court discussed this. It is necessary to ask for an interview.
The expansion of Chu Wang's slim waist
Once upon a time, King Chu Ling liked people with thin waists. It is because of him that North Korean civil servants and military commanders dare not eat more and reduce three meals a day to one meal. Get up every day, hold your breath, tighten your belt, and then stand up with your hands against the wall. In this way, the ministers in the DPRK forced themselves to do things they didn't like every day in order to please the king of Chu. Although everyone didn't say much on the surface, they always secretly complained: Alas, why does the king like a slim waist? It makes us tighten our belts every day and even dare not eat more.
In this way, ministers spent a year in a daze, but they didn't know each other as before, and even their health was poor. They often have a cold and fever, but they keep complaining in their hearts, but they can't explain clearly.
The monarch of the neighboring country heard that the ministers of Chu were stupid to lose weight and gird their waists, so his eyes lit up with excitement, because this was a good opportunity for them to invade Chu. Ministers are in poor health, so it is difficult to direct a good battle.
When the war began, neighboring countries first sent troops to capture the border cities of Chu, which made Chu lose a lot of land. When attacking the strong fortress of the capital of Chu, the neighboring countries switched to lasting tactics, which made the Chu people panic. Later, due to the help of Chu's friendly neighbors, they beat back the troops of neighboring countries, and the storm was calmed down.
After the war, the king of Chu realized how stupid he was, so he ordered the whole people to keep fit properly. Ministers also applauded the wise decision of the king of Chu. A few years later, Chu gradually prospered and became a powerful country.
"Do you need a reason to be thin?" King Chu said to the staff who came to ask, "I am the reason." The tape recorder will stop talking. The words of the king of Chu soon spread to the harem. These harem beauties were carefully collected from China in the beauty contest. They searched from west to east and from south to north, as meticulous as catching lice, and almost never let go of the rat hole in China. Therefore, beautiful women all over the country gathered in the harem of Chu, and there were 2,999 people, if not 3,000.
Beautiful women have their own height and thinness, but this time, the king of Chu is obsessed with thin waist! After sighing, the beautiful women drastically cut back on their diet, hoping that their waistlines would become reed stalks overnight, so that the king would like it and get the title of concubines, and they would not starve to death when they were old. Beauty is like a cloud, Wang En is limited, and the competition is fierce because of too much porridge. In the past few days, several beautiful women have lost their waistlines, and one of them has achieved excellent results. Yingying shook her waist and shook it in front of the king of Chu. The king of Chu could not move his eyes. He looked back at the waist of the accompanying concubine around him, curled his mouth and kicked her under the seat. When several guards saw it, they climbed in like dogs and dragged the crying princess out. Liu Yao naturally became a new princess. When beautiful people see it, they are both envious and afraid. The waist is thin and rich, and the waist is thick and it is in trouble. This truth can be seen clearly by the blind. It seems that this problem of thin waist is not only a matter of competition for favor, but also a struggle of life. Besides, in order to satisfy the king of Chu, the food supply officer in the harem also greatly reduced the food supply, and he could not eat any more. Several beautiful women with thick waistlines have been dieting for many days, but they have not seen their waistlines become thinner. They were so anxious that they cried and tried to strangle them with silk that they couldn't breathe evenly, their feet couldn't walk away, and they didn't dare to relax. Since then, all the beautiful women in the palace of Chu have lost weight like peeling onions, with thin arms and legs, long skin, towering cheekbones on their faces, sunken eyes and slender waist. The palace is full of elegant charm, but no one has reached the waistline of the spine and intestines that King Chu wanted.
One day, the guard came to report that a maid-in-waiting had died. The king of Chu was eating, and he died without looking up. The prison guard also said that she starved to death. The king of Chu still did not move. The bodyguard looked at the face of the king of Chu and whispered that she was starved to death because the king of Chu liked to have a thin waist. The king of Chu suddenly got excited and expressed his loyalty. He summoned the ministers to discuss the matter. The result of the discussion is that this woman is loyal and heartless, giving up her personal desires for the benefit of Chu. She is really a model of a generation of women. The King of Chu decided to erect a memorial arch for this woman in recognition, and called her a "virtuous and noble daughter". Her parents and relatives gave her an official reward, and the treasure was sent to a carriage.
This move further inspired Americans to fight to the end, bravely changing a bowl of 100 millet porridge for breakfast to 60 and a cucumber for dinner to half. In the past few days, many parents, relatives and friends have entered the palace every day, shouting slogans and saying, keep it up, keep it up, work hard to build memorial archways and honor our ancestors. There are some beautiful women who can't stand it. Seeing that the end of the road was coming, they were scared inside. More than 30 beautiful women decided to eat some meat, so they secretly stewed a chicken together. They didn't want to be seen by a group of relatives and friends who entered the palace, so they made a sudden snatch and took the chicken away, saying that this was not good, this was not good, and they really wanted to eat meat. It's enough for 30 of you to share a sparrow.
That night, another father brought some relatives and friends into the palace. His daughter is a nobleman, and her waist is neither thick nor thin. The king of Chu was lukewarm to her. The father said with a calm face, "son, you can't wait any longer, and your waist won't lose weight." Can't you use your head when you see many opponents? " The nobleman had just eaten half a cucumber, but his eyes could still move flexibly and he still had a little strength to speak, so he asked, What should I do? My father didn't answer, but said, "Your brothers are ordinary people. They will be arrested and guarded next spring, and they will not come back for ten days. If they are blocked, they don't have to go. They still have wine and meat to eat every day. Our children and grandchildren are prosperous. Now, it is up to you. " The nobles seemed puzzled, and a friend who was studying nearby could not help saying, "In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yiya served Qi Huangong and cooked her son as public food, which was a great pleasure for the public. Yi Kuang was in favor, in power for a while, and the son of Yi Kuang was virtuous! You don't want to work? " Soft-hearted relatives and friends said, "My dear niece, you will die here sooner or later. Long-term pain is better than short-term pain, otherwise you will die cleanly and decently. Your parents didn't raise you for nothing. " Another gentle relative said, "Swallowing gold is the best way to make money when you die, and then throwing it into the river. Here, I prepared a suicide note for you. " The noble barely opened his eyes, but it was a poem, saying, the waist of the water plant is really thin, but my waist is too thick. I want to be a water plant that grows at the feet of the king. "Good poem!" Relatives and friends who have read this book screamed and twisted a few sparse beards and said, "Brother Yu has recently sorted out the essence of poems of past dynasties. His dictionary is elegant, his artistic conception is far away, his feelings are sincere, and he is close to life. This one of the good brothers is worthy of income." The person who wrote this poem immediately twisted and handed it over. They talked about poetry for a long time, but they didn't get dizzy. They returned to the topic together and asked the aristocrat, "Have you thought about it?" The aristocrat only felt his head swell. When he saw his relatives and friends around him with green eyes, red mouths and uncontrollable trembling, he shouted, "Woman, it's really useless." "You finally realize it," said the soft-hearted relatives and friends. "If you eat grapes, you won't spit grape skins. If you don't eat grapes, you will vomit grape skins. This grape skin is useless, it will spit out after eating it. This is what women should do. " "Ridiculous!" Relatives and friends who have read this book retorted: "Women's words are profound and profound, and they can be enjoyed in prosperous times, and disasters can be eliminated in troubled times, which can not only make the beauty's plan avoid disasters, but also call the beauty innocent, which is of high edible value. Our descendants, when our uncle Liu Bei was in the Three Kingdoms, spent a day in Orion's Liu Anfu. He was hungry and had no meat, so he killed his wife and took the meat to make up for his uncle's vitality. Isn't it more beneficial to women? "
That night, the nobleman threw himself into the pool and died. The king of Chu was naturally rewarded, and the noble family was in high spirits.
Since then, many funerals have been held in the palace. They jumped from the building with poles hanging from the pool. However, many of them died of malnutrition caused by long-term dieting. For a time, the palace of Chu became the tomb of beauty. At first, the king of Chu returned the reward. Later, when he saw more, he left the palace full of yellow flowers and withered. In less than a year, the remaining 3,000 beautiful women are less than 30.
Later, the king of Chu fell in love with a thin waist above the court. The ministers looked at the harem in the distance, and the rabbit died in sadness and fear. An old minister protested to stop the king of Chu from smashing the car, so North Korean ministers were afraid to speak despite their criticism and fear of your majesty.
Every morning, before the ministers go to court, they have to kneel on the ground, let the four servants tighten their waists with silks, and then help him up to stand up straight, only dare to stand up and not sit down, only dare to speak in a low voice. Above the imperial court, the east wind is coming, everyone is leaning west, and the west wind is coming. Just like two rows of rice, the king of Chu smiled, and the ministers could only laugh with him.
On this day, ministers were in court when suddenly a snake crawled in from outside the palace gate. To be exact, a snake came in. Its body only has its tail on the ground, and it rushes into the palace with its head held high. The ministers froze for a while, then they shouted for a fight, but the snake opened its mouth. The snake said, "The waist rule is official. This is what the king said. If you hit me, you will have a hard time with the king. I want to see who dares to provoke you! " Say and open five eyes, Bai Sensen fangs also yi out. The ministers looked at each other, but no one moved, so the snake climbed all the way to the king of Chu. "Your Majesty is wise!" The snake said, "I am very excited to hear that the king's waist is very thin." Lord, let me sing and dance for your birthday! " "After that, he twisted and screamed and sang:" It's good to have a thin waist, it's good to have a thin waist, it's good to be here! "At first, the king of Chu still thought the snake was ugly and his heart was boring. It was flattering and his heart was greatly refreshed. After watching the snake's performance, the more he watched it, the more he liked it. He smiled and said, "It's rare that you are loyal. Come on, what kind of official do you want to be? " "My waist is the thinnest, so I want to stand closest to the king." With that, the snake stood in front of the Prime Minister. Ministers opened their mouths in surprise. Recently, several ministers favored by the waist were full of complaints about water, but when they looked up and saw the king happy, they closed their mouths. Those ministers who stood at the bottom with thick waists longed for a chance to vent their anger. They all laughed, so Snake became the first official without any doubt.
Chu is a hot and humid place with lush vegetation and snakes. In recent years, vassals have been fighting for hegemony and wars have continued. Hungry people catch snakes to satisfy their hunger. Snakes have a hard time in the countryside. Suddenly, I heard that similar people have become big officials in North Korea, and they are full of food such as eggs and frogs every day. How can they not be moved? So, everyone met on a sunny day and came to the palace happily.
On this day, the king of Chu sat on the dragon pier eating melon seeds and listening to a minister's moaning and mourning. Suddenly, he saw a dark cloud outside the palace gate. When he looked carefully, thousands of snakes, thick and thin, black and white, hissed at him together. "ouch!" He let out a cry and a hand full of melon seeds fell to the ground. Ministers turned to look at each other, sighed and fled to the harem. How can they resist the waist tightening and can't hold it? They poured a big piece like harvesting crops, and the snakes didn't mind, so they climbed in directly from the ministers. The king of Chu was too scared to move. The first black snake said, "Your Majesty, you miss us so much. We are all here to serve you. " The king of Chu was speechless. The sealed snake replied, "well, your majesty is so happy." In the future, we must work together with the DPRK and support each other. " "Of course." Said the snake. The black snake added, "I heard that the harem of the King of Chu fell, so we specially selected a group of beautiful snakes. Please have a look! " After that, dozens of patterned snakes gathered in front of the king of Chu, desperately twisting their waists and grinning, saying, "We are willing to die for the king of Chu!" " The king of Chu still did not answer. Some beautiful snakes have been escorting them, so they wrapped them up and gathered them together. One of them said, "your waist is very thin, but your own waist is too thick." Sisters, we should share our worries for your king. " As he spoke, he wrapped it. The king of Chu only felt that his limbs were frozen, his tongue was numb, and he could not move or call, letting the snake toss him around.
To annotate ...
King Ling of Chu: Chu National Army in the Mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
Hao: I like it.
A man.
Yao (yāo): Pass the "waist".
One meal: eat one meal every day.
Section: limit, moderate.
Belt: drawstring.
Bobby: Wait until.
(j) Year: the first anniversary. "Period" refers to a year (month).