Chinese name: Tianshui Administrative District Category: Prefecture-level city Area: Qin 'an County, Qingshui County, Gangu County Government Resident: No.34, Minzhu West Building, Qinzhou District Telephone Area Code: 938 Postal Code: 741 Geographical Location: Southeast Gansu Province Area: 14992 square kilometers Population: 3.5 million (end of 24) Famous scenic spots: Maijishan Grottoes, immortal. It first began in the third year of Emperor Yuan Ding of the Han Dynasty (the first 114 years). Tianshui got its name from the beautiful legend of "Tianhe Water Injection". More than 3, years ago, Tianshui area was densely populated and houses were adjacent, with "beautiful mountains and rivers and dense forests". However, by the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the long-term campaign, fighting and years of drought had made the prosperous and rich Shangcheng a ruin and the people were in poverty. Legend has it that one night, just as people fell asleep, suddenly the sky roared with wind and thunder, and with a golden light shining, the ground showed red light. Suddenly, the earth shook continuously, and there was a big crack in the ground with a loud rumble. I saw the river pouring down from the sky and pouring into the cracked crack, thus forming a lake called "Tianshui Lake". The water level of this lake is stable, the water quality is pure, and it is sweet and mellow. "Spring does not dry up, summer does not overflow, and the four seasons are abrupt." At that time, people said that the lake was connected with Tianhe, and it was also called "Tianshuijing". Later, this legend was heard by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he ordered the new county to be built by the lake in the north of Shangai City and named it "Tianshui County". Since then, it has been named "Tianshui". On August 3, 1949, Tianshui County was liberated. On August 15th, Tianshui District Administrative Supervision District was established, which governs eight counties: Tianshui, Gangu, Wushan, Huixian, Liangdang, Tongwei, Qin 'an and Qingshui. In December of the same year, Tianshui District was renamed Tianshui District. In February, 195, Tianshui County was located in Tianshui City, with the urban area as its administrative area. On May 25th, Zhuanglang County was separated from Pingliang Special Zone and placed in Tianshui Special Zone. Minxian area was abolished, and Longxi and Zhangxian belonged to Tianshui area. Tianshui Zone governs Tianshui City, Tianshui, Qin 'an, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhangxian, Gangu, Qingshui, Zhuanglang, Longxi and Tongwei, 81 district offices and 614 townships. In 1952, Tianshui area governed 91 district offices and 635 townships. On July 6, 1953, Sol Zhang Autonomous Region was established (renamed as County in October 1955). At the end of the same year, Tianshui area had jurisdiction over 1 city, 12 counties and 887 townships. In January, 1956, Longxi County and Tongwei County in Tianshui District were placed in Dingxi District, Lixian County, Xihe County and Chengxian County in Wudu District were placed in Tianshui District, and Zhuanglang County in Tianshui District was placed in Pingliang District. At the end of the same year, Tianshui Special Zone had jurisdiction over 12 counties, 67 districts, 531 townships, 9 towns and 9 sub-district offices in Tianshui City, Tianshui, Qin 'an, Lixian, Xihe, Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhangxian, Gangu, Qingshui and Sol Zhang. On April 4, 1958, it was abolished and merged into Huixian County. On April 8, Wudu District was abolished, and the five counties under its jurisdiction, namely Dangchang, Wenxian, Wudu, Kangxian and Minxian, were placed under Tianshui District. On September 5th, Xihe County and Lixian County were abolished and merged to form Xili County. Huixian County and Chengxian County were abolished and merged to form Huixian County. On December 16th, Min County in Tianshui area was placed under Dingxi area. On December 2th, Tianshui County was abolished and transferred to Tianshui City. Gangu County was abolished, and Gangu, Zhangxian and Wushan were merged to form Wushan County. Cancel Zhangjiachuan County and Qingshui County, and merge to form Qingshui Hui Autonomous County. In the same year, the people's commune was realized and the system of administrative and social integration was implemented. Tianshui Zone governs Tianshui City and 8 counties including Qin 'an, Qingshui, Wushan, Xili, Huicheng, Wudu and Wenxian. 129 people's communes and 4 sub-district offices. On November 15, 1961, Wudu District was restored. Wudu, Dangchang, Kangxian, Chengxian and Wenxian, which were originally assigned to Tianshui area, are still assigned to Wudu area. On December 15th, Tianshui, Gangu, Zhangxian, Liangdang, Xihe, Lixian, Qingshui and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties were restored. Zhangxian county is placed under Lintao area. By the end of the year, Tianshui Special Zone had jurisdiction over Tianshui City, 1 counties, 6 districts, 44 people's communes and 4 sub-district offices, including Tianshui, Xihe, Lixian, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Gangu, Qin 'an, Qingshui and Sol Zhang. On October 23, 1963, Lintao area was abolished and Zhangxian county was transferred to Tianshui area. Tianshui area has jurisdiction over 1 city, 11 counties, 482 people's communes, 3 towns and 4 sub-district offices. On October 1, 1969, Tianshui Special Zone was changed to Tianshui Area, which governs 1 city, 11 counties, 223 people's communes, 5 towns and 4 sub-district offices. In 198, Tianshui area governed 1 city, 11 counties, 232 communes, 5 towns and 8 sub-district offices. In 1983, the political and social organizations were separated and changed into townships. On July 8, 1985, Tianshui area was abolished and Tianshui city was upgraded to a prefecture-level city. Xihe County, Lixian County, Huixian County and Liangdang County, which originally belonged to Tianshui area, were placed in the newly established Longnan area, and Zhangxian County was placed in Dingxi area. Qin Cheng and Beidao District 2 are newly established. Tianshui City has jurisdiction over 2 districts of Qin Cheng and Beidao, 5 counties of Qin 'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County, 138 townships, 11 towns and 11 sub-district offices. On May 3th, 1992, Yuanyang Township in Wushan County was changed to yuanyang town. On November 16th, 1998, Ganquan Township in Beidao District was changed to ganquan town. By the end of 22, Tianshui had jurisdiction over Qin Cheng and Beidao districts, Qin 'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties, 4 towns, 19 townships and 11 sub-district offices. With the approval of the State Council, from January 1st, 25, Qin Cheng and Beidao Districts were renamed as Qinzhou District and Maiji District. History and culture in Tianshui, Ma Paoquan, which is full of beautiful flowers and jade, Ganquan, which is more fragrant than milk, a hot spring with four seasons such as soup and physical fitness, a Bodhisattva spring with beads hanging down, a cold gossip spring, and Fish Spring, which is full of fish, are widely distributed and well-known. These springs are sweet in water quality, and can be used all the year round. Drinking them for a long time can make people's skin white. The skin of Tianshui residents is white and tender, so there is a saying of "Tianshui White Doll". Tianshui has been a county since the Han dynasty, and has been a military, a county and a town successively. The areas under its jurisdiction and its jurisdiction have changed many times. In 1913, Tianshui County was established in Qin Zhou (today's water), which was under the jurisdiction of Weichuan Road. In 1927, the National Army entered Longnan, abandoned the road and changed it to Tianshui Administrative Inspector's Office. On August 3, 1949, Tianshui was liberated, and Tianshui District was established. In 195, Tianshui District was established. Tianshui Panorama Tianshui is also called Qin Zhou. The name of Qin Zhou first began in the first year of Wei Wendi (22). The source of Qin is from the cultivation of grass (that is, hairy valley). Long before the Western Zhou Dynasty, Tianshui Valley Basin is now a good place to raise horses and livestock because of its fertile land, open terrain, green peaks and flourishing waters. Bo Yi, an ancestor of the Qin people who lived here, was granted a land seal and won the surname of Shun because he bred horses for Shun. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, Fei Zi after Bo Yi was praised by Xiao Wang for his meritorious service in raising horses for Zhou Xiaowang. King Xiao not only made him inherit Bo Yi's surname of "Won" in Shun Dynasty, but also made his land a vassal, and the Qin of the city (that is, Imashimizu and Zhang Chuan) was called "Qin Land". This is the beginning of Qin in the history of our country. < /p> Tianshui is the birthplace of "Qin". Since the Three Kingdoms, there have been many places named after the word "Qin" in Tianshui, such as Qin 'an, Qinling, Qin Zhou, etc. In the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, Qin Zhou was a major town in China's west going to Chang 'an, known as the "land where thousands of years gather and disperse", so it became famous for a while. According to "The biography of Master Sanzang", Tang Xuanzang went to India to worship Buddha and learn Buddhist scriptures, and once passed through Tianshui, "passing through Qin Zhou and stopping for one night". So far, there are many legends circulating in Tianshui about Tang Priest's learning Buddhist scriptures. In the fourth year after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, Du Fu resolutely abandoned his official position and took his family to Qin Zhou. He began to live in Dongke Valley, 5 miles southeast of Qin Zhou City, which is now Liujiahe (once named Zimei Village) in Bahuai Village, Jiezi Township, Beidao District, Tianshui City, and then moved to Qinzhou City. Du Fu lived in Qin Zhou for three months, and he wrote Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou and 12 Ji Xing Poems from Long to Shu, which played an important role in his life's poetry creation. Tianshui is also known as "Chengji". The name of Chengji began in the Western Han Dynasty, but it was only in Qin 'an County before the Song Dynasty, and it was only in the Song Dynasty that it was moved to Tianshui. Chengji's name is related to the legendary Fu Xishi. Tianshui is called "Dragon City" because it is the birthplace of Fuxi, the ancestor of mankind, and the hometown of dragons. The Geography of Hanshu also states that Tianshui County has Chengji County, so Tianshui is known as "the hometown of Xihuang". According to relevant data, Fuxi Temple in Xiguan, Tianshui City has a history of more than 7 years since it was first built. There are 64 hexagrams and river charts painted on the ceiling of Nantian Temple in the temple, which are rare in other places. Fuxi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Tianshui people always like to call Fuxi Temple "Renzong Temple". Tianshui is the birthplace of China's ancient culture, enjoying the honor of "the hometown of Xihuang", and it is a sacred place for descendants of dragons at home and abroad to seek their roots and ancestors. There are many cultural relics in the territory, and there are 169 national, provincial and municipal key protected cultural relics, among which Dadiwan site preserves a large number of early Neolithic and Yangshao cultural treasures. The only Fuxi Temple in Tianshui, which has a statue of Fuxi in China, is carved with beams and painted with buildings. Maijishan Grottoes, one of the four largest grottoes in China, is known as the "Oriental Sculpture Hall". It has gathered more than 7,73 statues from the end of the 4th century to the 2th century, and together with Daxiangshan, water curtain cave, Lashao Temple and Muti Temple, it has formed the "Grottoes Art Corridor" in the eastern part of the ancient Silk Road. At the same time, the botanical gardens, Xianrenya, Shimen, Jingtu Temple, Quxi and Jiezi Hot Spring Resort, which are distributed around Maijishan Fiona Fang for dozens of miles, together form a national forest park-Maijishan Scenic Area. The human landscape and natural beauty complement each other, which is wonderful and attracts countless tourists at home and abroad. Scenery of Weihe River Tianshui belongs to the transitional zone between temperate continental climate and subtropical climate, with temperate semi-humid climate near the urban area, and northern subtropical climate south of Suzhou-Liyuan line, with an annual average temperature of 11.5℃. The hottest weather is July, and the highest temperature is 33.4℃. The coldest weather is January. September to November every year is the best tourist season in Tianshui. List of Average Temperature (Celsius) in Tianshui in January 1234567891112 Average temperature-.6.26.3 11.7 17.7 21.1 23.3 21.7 16.3 11.3 3.9-1.8 The average precipitation is 574 mm, which gradually decreases from southeast to northwest. The annual rainfall in the southern subtropical forest region is 8-9 mm, the rainfall in the central and eastern mountainous regions is more than 6 mm, and the rainfall in the northern Weihe River is less than 5 mm. The average annual sunshine duration is 21 hours, which is slightly higher in Weibei than in Guanshan Mountain and Weihe Valley, and the sunshine percentage is 46-5%. Spring and summer account for 26.6% and 3.6% of the annual sunshine respectively, and winter accounts for 22.6%. There is no cold in winter, no heat in summer, rapid warming in spring, and rainy days in autumn. The climate is mild, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and moderate precipitation. The extreme maximum temperature is 38℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is-15℃. The sales of apples in Tianshui account for the second day in China. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an altitude of 1,-2,1 meters. The highest peak, tianye beam, is as high as 312 meters; Niubei Village, the lowest point, is 76 meters above sea level. Tianshui landform has obvious regional differentiation. The eastern and southern parts are uplifted by the folds of ancient strata, forming mountain landforms. Due to geological subsidence and red and loess layer deposition in the north, loess layer deposition is formed, forming loess hilly landform. Due to the fracture of zonal structural belt, the Weihe graben was formed in a small part of central China, and the Weihe River valley landform was formed after the Quaternary river separation and erosion accumulation. The northern part is the gully region of loess ridge. Weihe River and its tributaries cross it, forming a basin and valley terrace with wide valleys and canyons alternately. The soil in rivers and valleys is alluvial soil and meadow soil formed by impact and proluvial. After reclamation, cultivation and maturation, cultivated soil mainly composed of loessial soil and Heilong soil is formed. With deep soil layer and wide mountain tableland, it is the main production area of grain, oil, vegetables and fruits. The central and eastern regions are the Qinling Mountains and the Guanshan Mountains. The western Qinling Mountains, which are dominated by Jiuhuang Mountain, Yunwu Mountain and Jingdongliang Mountain in the west, and Xiaolongshan Mountain and Longshan Mountain, which are dominated by Bagua Mountain, Huoyan Mountain, Qinling Dabao Mountain and Guanshan Mountain in the east, are mountainous and dangerous. Tianshui covers the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, with the west Qinling Mountains as the watershed and the Weihe River basin with the Yellow River in the north, covering an area of 11,673 square kilometers, accounting for 81.49% of the city's total area. The southern region is the Jialing River basin with the moisture of the Yangtze River, covering an area of 2,652 square kilometers, accounting for 18.51% of the total area of the city. There is a saying: If you want to see China 1 years ago, go to Xi 'an; If you want to see China 8 years ago, go to Dadiwan. One of them is the earliest dry crop specimen in China. The specimen of carbonized millet unearthed in Dadiwan dates the origin of dry farming in northern China by 1 years. The second is the earliest painted pottery in China. More than 2 pieces of painted pottery unearthed in Dadiwan are the earliest batch of painted pottery discovered in China so far. The third is the earliest prototype of China characters. More than a dozen painted symbols were found on the pottery unearthed in the first phase of Dadiwan. These symbols were more than 1 years earlier than the earliest carved symbols found in Xi 'an Banpo pottery in China. The fourth is the earliest palace-style building in China. A building numbered "F91" was excavated in the fourth phase of Dadiwan culture 5 years ago, which is the tallest building in China at present. The fifth is the earliest "concrete" ground in China. The sixth is China's earliest painting. The Weihe River in the territory of water resources is about 28 kilometers long, and the tributaries with a basin area of 1, square kilometers along the river include Bangshahe, Sandu River, Hulu River, Kuiji River and Niutou River. The main tributaries of Jialing River are Baijia River, Huamiao River, Hongya River, etc., with short flow and abundant water.