What are the traditional festivals of the Bai nationality?
The traditional festivals of the Bai nationality include March Street and Torch Festival.
March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is the biggest festival of the Bai people. The annual summer calendar is held from March 15th to 2th at the foot of Diancang Mountain in the west of Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually became a grand material exchange meeting. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, businessmen from Sichuan, Tibet and Jiangnan provinces came here to trade. After the founding of New China, March Street has developed into an annual material exchange and national sports literature and art conference.
The Torch Festival is held on June 25th in the summer calendar every year. It is a traditional festival of Bai people. On this day, men, women and children gather together to worship their ancestors. Through activities such as worshipping torches, lighting torches, playing torches and jumping torches, I wish the crops a bumper harvest and the six livestock a prosperous life.
What are the holiday customs of the Bai people?
Residence:
The Bai people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and others are distributed in various parts of Yunnan Province, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Sangzhi County of Hunan Province.
Language:
Bai people use Bai language, which belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three dialects: southern, central and northern. Most Bai people use their own language and are familiar with Chinese.
national art:
Bai people have a long cultural tradition. Genesis, Burning Song Ming Tower, Wang Fuyun and many other beautiful and moving legends have been handed down to this day, and many of them have been put into drama.
Religious belief:
Ethnic worship is equivalent to the owner of the village gods and believes in Buddhism.
Ethnic festivals:
There are many traditional festivals of the Bai nationality. The "March Street" with a history of thousands of years is the biggest annual festival of the Bai nationality, and it is now named "March Street Ethnic Festival". There are also "Torch Festival" (also known as Star Festival) and other national festivals.
Every festival, besides the necessary holiday food, there are also sacrificial activities such as worshipping Buddha, worshiping heaven and worshiping ancestors. The festival is the most grand. Since the twelfth lunar month, every family has to buy new year's goods, kill pigs, grinding bean curd, bait pieces and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, every host should bring food, tea and wine with trays to worship along the eighth route of heaven and earth, gates, wells, kitchen gods and ancestral tablets. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. A big copper hot pot is placed in the center of the dining table for the grand reunion dinner, and pig's head meat must be served, surrounded by eight bowls of Japanese dishes with profound meanings.
Sacrifice:
The Mid-Autumn Festival and the sacrifice to heaven are special festivals, especially the Mid-Autumn Festival in July of the lunar calendar every year, which is a festival to sacrifice the ancestors' souls. If it is a new funeral home, it is even more grand. Eight bowls of delicious dishes should be prepared at that time, including thousands of pieces of meat, spareribs, crispy meat, stuffed eggplant, lilies, morels and preserved fish. In case of immediate family members or in-laws, a banquet called "Three Drops of Water" will be made to offer condolences before the funeral. The so-called "three drops of water" banquet refers to three categories: fruit, sacrificial rites (dishes made like phoenix fish and lion) and eight bowls.
Eating custom:
Bai people are usually used to eating three meals by solar eclipse. During the busy farming season or festivals, more breakfast and noon are added. The Bai people in Pingba area mainly eat rice and wheat. The Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potato and buckwheat. The staple foods are mainly steamed, and they often eat dry meals. When they go out to work, they carry lunch boxes and have cold meals on the spot.
Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people, and Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "sober tea". It is baked as soon as you get up, and all adults drink it. Have "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea" in the afternoon tea, and put rice flowers in it like a milk fan, including children.
Most Bai people like drinking, and wine-making is a major sideline of Bai families. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of home-made wine. When making wine, more than 4 kinds of herbs are often used to make koji and make all kinds of white wine, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially made for women and pregnant women. It is said to have nourishing and lactagogue effects.
Marriage custom:
When a young Bai man asks a girl for love, if the girl agrees, she should send Baba to the man; At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show her cooking skills. During the wedding ceremony, tea is served first, and then? Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).
betrothal marriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork road or place where people gather, the guests will stop and code the dowry into two big piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
Etiquette:
Give a warm reception to the guests, whether they know each other or not. All guests will be treated as "three tea". Three tea is the most exquisite tea ceremony of Bai people, that is, pouring tea three times: the first is pure roasted tea, the second is adding walnut slices, milk fans and brown sugar, and the third is adding honey and a few prickly ash. Therefore, it has the characteristics of bitter taste, sweet taste and aftertaste. When eating, the elderly guests sit at the head, and the younger generation sit on both sides or at the next head in turn, and they should always add rice and soup to their elders and guests, waiting enthusiastically. ...
What festivals do Bai people have
The main festivals of Bai people are "New Year's Day", "March Street", "Around the Three Spirits", "Torch Festival", "Playing in the Sea" and "Looking at the Sun". Like the Han nationality, it has also celebrated Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Among them, "March Street" and "Torch Festival" are famous for their distinctive features. ?
annual festival
Bai people living in Bijiang, Yunnan have their own unique calendar. They determine the seasons according to the growth of trees. When the peach blossoms bud, it's their March, and when the sumac leaves reach five inches, it's May ... In this way, they regard a year as thirteen months instead of twelve months.
In a year, March and March are their rest months. March is March Festival, and March is Chinese New Year. However, there is only one day in the Chinese New Year, and this day is not fixed. It is agreed by the old people of all clans in the village every year. On the morning after the New Year was decided, members of the whole village, led by prestigious old people, took home-brewed rice wine and glutinous rice cakes to hold a tree sacrifice ceremony under the big tree in Zhaitou, wishing the good weather, prosperous livestock and abundant crops in the coming year. When the memorial service is complete, people will give the old people a gift for the New Year, and then they will drink and Baba each other ...
After the memorial service, everyone will go back to kill the Year Pig. If it is agreed that cook the meat will be the partner to eat on this day, people who kill pigs will take out one-tenth of the meat and cook it for everyone; If they don't eat together, the pig-killing families should also give pork to those who don't have pigs as a sign of unity and friendship.
March Street
March Street: Also known as Guanyin City or Guanyin Club in ancient times, it has a history of more than 1, years. It is held every March in the summer calendar at the foot of Zhonghe Peak in Cangshan Mountain, west of Dali City. The content of the festival was originally a Buddhist temple fair, and a grand lecture and worship activity was held. It is a traditional festival for the Bai people, and it is held every year at the foot of Zhonghe Peak and the open land beside Zhongxi River in Dali. During the "March Street", businessmen from thousands of miles away and close to neighboring counties came from all directions to participate in the transaction. There are all kinds of commodities in the market, from medicinal materials to food, furniture and livestock. It is the largest gathering place for commodity trading in western Yunnan.
It is said that a long time ago, there was a tyrant who hoped to live forever. He listened to an attendant and ate a pair of people's eyes every day, which brought great disasters to the local Bai people. At that time, there was a warrior full of magical power. One day in March, he tricked the tyrant into the foothills of Zhonghe Peak in Cangshan, called a god dog to bite the tyrant's throat, drank his blood, and wiped out the demon king, thus eliminating the evil for the Bai people. In order to commemorate the great day when the warriors and the Bai people were saved, people gathered at the foot of Cangshan Mountain every year from March 15th to 2th in the lunar calendar, singing and dancing. Year after year, the annual "March Street" was formed. At present, during the "March Street", in addition to exchanging materials, folk songs and dances, sports and other activities are also performed. In particular, riders from all ethnic groups who participated in the Jockey Club gathered at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, whipping their horses and rushing to the Erhai Lake like clouds. The scene was spectacular.
Torch Festival
It is held every year on June 25th in the summer calendar, and it is the most grand and grand festival for the Bai people. On this day, every village will erect tall torches, and each family will set up small torches. As night falls, the torches are lit together, just like thousands of fire dragons galloping all over the mountains, and people are * * * in the fields, catching insects and killing pests. Families with newborn babies invited villagers to drink "wedding wine" under the fire to congratulate their mother and son on their safety.
Around the Three Spirits
It is held every year from April 23rd to 25th in the lunar calendar. At that time, Bai people will worship Jingui Temple, Shengyuan Temple and Chongsheng Temple, and at the same time enjoy singing and dancing on the grass in front of the temple all night.
grabbing the first water
The Lunar New Year's Eve is the annual "grabbing the first water" festival for the Bai people in Dali. When night falls, all the girls and boys are busy dressing up. They put on gorgeous national costumes, carried a string of firecrackers in their hands, and carried a bucket on their shoulders. They marched in the corners of the village and came to the well with smiles on their faces. At midnight, only firecrackers were heard, and everyone was scrambling to "grab the first water". Every household picks up the "head water" that has been "robbed" and goes home, then uses it to make soup pills, noodles and other foods, puts them in bowls or plates after cooking, and respectfully sends them to the elderly from door to door to congratulate them on a happy New Year, happiness and health. After the old man accepted the gift, he put a few cents in the dishes when he returned them, to show his age. I wish the younger generation healthy growth and happiness ... The activity of "grabbing the first water" fully embodies the national tradition of the Bai people to respect the old and love the young.
Sea-playing Club
Every year, the Bai people along Erhai Lake in Yunnan hold a traditional sea-playing event on June 24th of the lunar calendar. Legend has it that .....
What are the traditional festivals of Bai people
Sanyue Street
Bai people
The population of about 1.4 million mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed in all parts of Yunnan, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province and Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province. More than 9% of the population is engaged in agricultural production and is good at growing rice. Dali Sydney and Binchuan orange are well-known specialties at home and abroad. The Bai people have their own national language, and Chinese has been used by the Bai people since ancient times. Believe in Buddhism. The Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful and moving legends and stories, such as Genesis, Burning Song Ming Tower and Wang Fuyun, have been handed down to this day, and many of them have been put into drama.
custom: in the Bai family, the son is separated from his parents immediately after marriage. Bai people share the same family name and do not intermarry. Warm reception for guests, whether they know each other or not. All guests will be treated with "three tea". Three tea is the most exquisite tea ceremony, with the characteristics of bitter taste, sweet taste and aftertaste. Tea can't be filled for guests. There is a saying among Bai people that "wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception". Bai people pay great attention to etiquette when dining. The elders and guests sit first, and the younger generation sit on both sides or the next one in turn. They are always ready to add rice and soup to their elders and guests, and they are warmly waiting.
Marriage custom: When a young Bai man proposes to a girl, if the girl agrees, she will send Baba to the man; At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show her cooking skills. Pay attention to tea first, then? Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). Marriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork road or place where people gather, the guests will stop and code the dowry into two big piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
Food custom: The Bai people in Pingba area mainly live on rice and wheat; The Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potato and buckwheat. The staple food is mainly steamed.
Because fresh vegetables are perennial, Bai people like to eat fresh vegetables and all kinds of pickles at every meal. Most Bai women are good at pickles, and there are many kinds of pickles. Besides pickled fresh vegetables, they also make bean paste, lobster sauce and noodle sauce. Bai people in Jianchuan and Heqing often pick seaweed flowers from Erhai Lake and cook them into various flavor dishes.
The meat is mainly pork. Besides cooking with fresh pork, we also like to marinate old pigs and process them into delicious food such as ham, sausage, pork liver, blow-dried liver and rice sausage. In winter, Bai people like beef soup in a big pot. When eating it, they should add mustard, radish, onion and other condiments to eat together. The Bai people who live near the river are good at cooking fresh water.
Most Bai people like drinking. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of wine. When making wine, more than 4 kinds of herbs are often used to make distiller's yeast and make all kinds of white wine, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially made for women and pregnant women. It is said to have nourishing and lactagogue effects.
Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people, and Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "sober tea". It is drunk as soon as you get up, and adults drink it. Afternoon tea is also called "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea". It contains rice flowers and milk, and even children should drink a cup.
there are many Bai ethnic dishes. Raw skin is one of the necessary dishes for Bai people to celebrate the holidays, and it is a cold meat dish mixed with a variety of spicy and spicy dishes. Donkey soup pot is made of donkey meat. Steamed pig's head with willow is also one of the traditional dishes of Bai nationality, which is made by steaming pig's head on a wicker frame and putting it into a pot. Noodles cake is a special cake made by Bai people in Mid-Autumn Festival, which is steamed with fermented dough and seasoning.
clothing: both men and women of the Bai nationality advocate white, and white is noble. Most men in Dali wear white double-breasted clothes, black collars, or several leather and satin collars, commonly known as "three drops of water", with belts around their waists or embroidered stomachs and blue or black trousers. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered purse embroidered with the words "double finches climbing branches" and "Yuanyang playing in the water". Embroidered purse is a symbol of love, and it is the crystallization of the wisdom of Bai girls.
Women's clothing varies from place to place. In Dali, most women wear white shirts, red waistcoats, or light blue shirts, with black velvet collars, embroidered short waists, blue wide pants and embroidered "hundred-knot shoes". Unmarried women wear a plait on their heads and wrap it around a white headscarf with a bright red rope. The red and white colors complement each other. The waist is embroidered with short waist, which is more colorful and elegant. Married women change to bun. On the east bank of Erhai Lake, women comb the hair style of "phoenix nodding", cover it with silk screen, or cover it with a hairpin, all of which are covered with embroidered towels or black cloth. Bai women have the custom of wearing earrings and bracelets. Bai women living in eryuan county, Dali ......
What is the most solemn festival of Bai people
The most solemn festival of Bai people is March Street in Dali.
March Street in Dali is a traditional ethnic event with a history of thousands of years. It is not only the oldest and prosperous trade fair in western Yunnan, but also a grand festival for the annual folk art and sports exchange among people of all ethnic groups in Dali.
There is also the Bai Torch Festival.
In Yunnan, many ethnic groups celebrate the Torch Festival, but they do it in different ways. The Bai Torch Festival is held every year on the 25th day of June in the lunar calendar. It is called "Fuwang Dance" in white, which means "June Carnival". Whether it is urban, rural or mountainous, the dam area is celebrated by the whole world. In the eyes of Bai people, it is the most grand festival after the Spring Festival. In addition to the collective activities of setting fire to the village, every household should prepare delicious food and various holiday supplies, and the married girls should go back to their parents' homes for reunion. Before the festival, torches were sold all over the street.