Minced meat noodle is a traditional food in the northwest of China. Friends who like spaghetti must know minced meat noodles. In fact, SAO Zi means diced meat, and the method of making SAO Zi noodles is not complicated. Besides preparing some vegetables, my sister-in-law can also make a bowl of delicious minced meat noodles at home. Minced meat noodles have a long history and originated in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, every restaurant in Qishan had its own signature minced meat noodles. Then this time I will tell you about the origin and origin of minced meat noodles. After thousands of years of inheritance, why can minced meat noodles be passed down to this day?
In the past two years, with the increasing popularity of the provincial capital Xi, Shaanxi has also begun to attract people's attention. Among them, food and cultural relics are the most attractive. Shaanxi cuisine is not only delicious, but also has a strong cultural atmosphere. We are familiar with steamed stuffed buns, cold rice noodles, Guo kui, tofu brain and so on. It has a history of hundreds or even thousands of years. Let's talk about Qishan minced meat noodles today.
Minced meat noodles are widely spread in Shaanxi and even in northern China. Its characteristics are "thin, tough, smooth, fried, thin, tender, sour, spicy and fragrant". "Fine, tender and smooth" means that noodles are smooth in texture, smooth, fried and thin at the entrance, and have the demeanor of a king. "Saozi soup" is hot, with no smell on the surface, much smell on the surface, and thick oil on the surface, which can't be blown through. "Sour, spicy and fragrant" refers to the taste of minced meat noodles. The addition of vinegar makes the face oily but not greasy.
First, the origin of Qishan minced meat noodles
The origin of minced meat noodles is Qishan area, which has been handed down from generation to generation since the Western Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 3,000 years. Zhou people first settled at the foot of Qishan Mountain of Zhu Yuanzhang, so Zhu Yuanzhang was also called "qi zhou". Although it moved the capital twice, it did not shake Qishan's status as a "holy city". Therefore, "qi zhou" has always maintained the highest position in the sacrificial ceremony, and has existed in Qishan area for a long time, which has had a far-reaching impact on the development of later generations. Under the background of globalization, many cultures are rapidly disappearing, but the customs here are still passed down from generation to generation.
There are many sources of minced meat noodles in Qishan, and two of them are reliable.
1. Wang Wen slew a dragon
In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, dragons often made waves along the Weihe River in Qishan area, endangering crops and people. One day, Zhou Wenwang took his men out hunting and met this dragon. Just as the dragon was preparing to attack, Zhou Wenwang gave the order, and a dragon weighing several thousand kilograms flew together and was shot down from the ground by ten thousand arrows. Wen ordered his men to chop the dragon into pieces, make it into minced meat and mix it with glutinous rice balls. He also put the cooked noodles in a bowl, and Wang Wen scooped up the soup himself. After eating noodles, pour the soup back into the pot and use it repeatedly. In this way, more than 10,000 people tasted the meat of the dragon.
Step 2 exceed
What is a dish? The ancients said, "Eat when you eat." At the end of large-scale sacrificial activities, a grand "food ceremony" is held, that is, eating food left by ghosts and gods, and then gradually expanding to eating food left by the elderly. Therefore, "the gift of the leftover women" is also "the gift of the leftover women". At present, Qishan still retains the custom of "splashing soup" and "returning leftover soup to the pot", that is, the first bowl of minced meat noodle soup should be sacrificed to heaven and earth, and the remaining noodle soup is called "Fubozi", which must be taken home to worship the ancestral tablet of the host family before guests can eat it. In addition, the local people put the meat in the oil pan for easy preservation, and the oil pan can be reused.
Of course, the explanations of the above legends are different, but the thoughts and concepts of people in the pre-Qin period reflected by myths are similar. Of course, myths can't be studied directly as historical materials, but after all, myths reflect the collective memory and good wishes of our ancestors and help us better understand people's thoughts and concepts in this period. Because it has a long history.
Make minced meat noodles and minced meat noodles separately. The most important thing is to be ashamed of your face. Look at those dirty words. The word "moon" represents meat, the word "goods" represents cattle, sheep and pigs, and the word "wood" below represents the dining table. Therefore, "Sao" can be understood as that beef, mutton and pork are put on the table, just like meat is sacrificed to heaven. So Sao should be related to sacrifice. People think that meat sacrifice is a kind of food enjoyed by gods and is very precious. Therefore, at the end of the sacrificial activities, the emperor will sacrifice meat to ministers and princes, that is, sacrifice meat. The princes also distributed meat to their ministers and advisers, so that the class sharing meat is decreasing, and even ordinary people can enjoy "good luck meat". Because little meat is sacrificed, people cut as much meat as possible. The so-called "everyone hates delicious food". Through this way of "dividing the meat layer by layer", the protection of the gods can protect more people, and to a certain extent, it has played a role in uniting all ethnic groups and consolidating the ruling order of the Zhou Dynasty.
This kind of thinking reflects the British anthropologist Fraser's "connection with witchcraft". He believes that primitive people mistakenly thought that what they touched was eternal contact, and they still influenced each other after physical contact was interrupted, such as casting spells on hair and nails. According to this view, people think that sharing the meat eaten by God in the process of sacrifice is equivalent to acquiring God's moral and intellectual characteristics, and also shows the ancestors' good desire to share the blessed meat.
2. Fu Ba Zi and the etiquette spirit of Zhou people
After each sacrifice, people who pretend to be victims can eat God's leftovers first, then emperors and ministers, and then officials below ministers, so that everyone from kings to ordinary people can eat God's leftovers. The ceremony of eating leftovers like this is gradually interpreted as the leftovers of the ancients, which is called "the gift of eating", that is, the ceremony of eating leftovers. In the past, Qishan people had to hold a small bowl of noodles before eating, and the younger generation had to hold soup to show respect for heaven and earth. The leftover soup is called' Fu Bazi', and the soup of other elders on the table is also called' Fu Bazi'. So "Fu Ba Zi" has two meanings. One is the soup left by worshipping heaven and earth. The second is the soup left by the old man.
In addition, Qishan people have clear regulations on the seats of guests, noodle soup and even different people's eating habits. Such a rule has never been published in the form of an article, but it has become a tacit understanding. As teacher Fei Xiaotong said, etiquette is not implemented by external forces, but by education to cultivate personal awe and make people believe it. Zhou Wenhua, which developed in Qishan area, is also such an ethical spirit. After the development of Confucius, Mencius and Zisi School in later generations, it had a far-reaching impact on the way of thinking and behavior habits of China people. Today, China people are still struggling with the contradiction between tradition and modernity.
Thirdly, the custom of minced meat noodles in Qishan still exists.
With the development of the times, people in Qishan area have made many improvements on minced meat noodles, making them famous at home and abroad. In the 1960s and 1970s, the economy was extremely difficult. On Monday, there was no meat to make minced meat, so farmers used vegetarian dishes instead. Since then, vegetarian noodles have gone hand in hand, expanding the influence of Qishan noodles. In addition, some improvements have been made to the traditional diet of "returning leftover soup to the pot" to make it conform to modern dietary standards.
I have been to Qishan and Fufeng, and I know from my conversations with local people that local people still follow the custom of eating noodles at weddings and funerals in the Western Zhou Dynasty. At the banquet, every guest scoops noodles from a big bowl into his own small bowl, and only eats noodles instead of soup. The soup left in the bowl will not be thrown away, but poured into a large pot from the waiter and then mixed with the original soup for processing. Add seasoning and continue cooking. Continue the cycle until the guests are satisfied.
In addition to Qishan minced meat noodles, there are many snacks with a long history, such as rolled dough, blood noodles, tofu pudding steamed bread, Guo kui and so on. Primitive people were not satisfied with their appetite for a long time, but endowed people with food, religious beliefs, moral ethics and other concepts, making food culture an indispensable part of a nation. Nothing can reveal the characteristics of national culture more directly and powerfully than eating. One second, we may blush because of something, and then sit on the table. This contradiction was immediately eliminated by a bowl of hot noodles, which is the powerful force of food.