Shi Songzhi (1189—October 6, 1257) was born in Yinxian (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). Minister of Southern Song Dynasty, right servant of Shangshu shot Shi Hao's grandson and right prime minister Shi Miyuan's nephew.

In the 13th year of Jiading (122), he was a scholar, and the military officers of Dianguang Chemical Company joined the army. Later, he served as Hucao in Xiangyang, and served as the judge in Xiangyang, the official in charge of Jinghu, and the official in charge of political affairs. In March of the fourth year of Jiaxi, he entered the pilgrimage to the right prime minister and the Tang Dynasty, and was in charge of the army in Jinghu, Sichuan (Huaibei, Sichuan and Jinghu were the three major military regions in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and concentrated the most elite troops in the Southern Song Dynasty). In the fourth year of Chun V (1244), he was bereaved by his father, and his feelings were recovered. Because of the peace of the Lord, he was not allowed by public opinion and lived in seclusion for thirteen years. Bao V died in the fifth year (1257), and was given to Shao Shi and Andersen to save our time, and was posthumously appointed as Duke of Lu and Zhuang Su of posthumous title. De v won the prize in the early years. The author of "Wild Music Compilation" has been lost. Complete Song Poetry records his poems.

Later generations have different opinions about Shi Song. He is regarded as a talented person with outstanding achievements, but at the same time he is regarded as a person who pursues power and is arbitrary.

A brief introduction to the life of Shi Songzhi, the minister of the Southern Song Dynasty

Early experiences

Shi Songzhi was a charming young man. He studied in Lihua Mountain, Dongqian Lake, and he was educated by Lu Xue and Lu Xue. Shi Songzhi acted decisively, and seemed to prefer learning to learning, but he didn't like or even hate the tardiness of Zhu scholars. Once he was lecturing with his brother-in-law, Chen Lin, in a mountain temple. The monks in the mountain temple hated him. Shi Songzhi was very angry and burned his cottage that night.

Shi Songzhi and Chen Yu grew up together, and their talents were deeply appreciated and liked by Prime Minister Shi Miyuan, but they held two completely different attitudes towards Shi Miyuan's care.

in ten years in Jiading, Chen Mang was a scholar, and he ranked first in the provincial examination. Therefore, Shi Miyuan, as an uncle, happily said to Chen Xun: The provincial yuan is the first among thousands of people, and the champion is the first among a hundred people. It should start with you to let the provincial yuan teach professors in addition to professors. However, Chen Mang did not appreciate Shi Miyuan's feelings. He said: The discussion in the temple was very sharp. This kind of thing started with my Chen Mang. Can there be no suspicion? Chen Lin, like his great-grandfather Chen He, valued people's integrity above fame and fortune, so he was highly praised by the literati all his life in honest and frank.

Although Shi Songzhi grew up with Chen Lin, his ambition and life are different from Chen Lin's. He pays attention to utility and hopes to make contributions. In order to achieve his goal, he can do everything he can, which is also an important reason why he is spurned.

Being an official

It should be said that Shi Songzhi is a man with foresight and ability. Shi Song, a scholar in the 13th year of Jiading, was transferred to Guanghua Military Division to join the army. Soon, as an uncle, Shi Miyuan asked Shi Songzhi, "I'll give you a new position. Where do you want to go?"? Shi Songzhi replied almost without thinking: I hope to be an official in Xiang (Yang) Han (Shui) area. "Far listened to happily agreed. Xiangyang is located in the south bank of the middle reaches of the Han River, echoing Fancheng on the north bank, and it is a barrier to guard the Yangtze River. Its position in the Southern Song Dynasty is very important, and it can be compared with the throat. However, although Shi Miyuan has been in the phase for a long time, he actually doesn't know what Xiang Han looks like.

Shi Songzhi seems to have made a deep study of Jingxiang area and knew the importance of this place to the Southern Song Dynasty. So when Shi Miyuan asked him, he could immediately give a positive answer to Xiang Han.

It is true that the Southern Song Dynasty was based in the southeast and had to rely on Jingxiang as the upstream barrier. Since ancient times, it has been possible to protect the southeast without losing Jingxiang. Comparatively speaking, the Southern Song Dynasty can still establish a country without Sichuan, but if there is no Xiangyang in Hubei, then the Southern Song Dynasty cannot establish a country. On the occasion of the confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, from the military point of view, the significance of the upper reaches of Jingxiang even surpassed that of the Huaihe River. The so-called Jianghan without Huai Si, the country will be weak, Huai Si without Jianghan upstream, the country will be in danger. Jingxiang can not only be used as a barrier against the Jin people, but also often become a hidden danger even in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the trend of the upstream, Jingxiang area can put great pressure on Jiankang and Lin 'an in the downstream. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, according to the upstream of Jingxiang, there were many soldiers who opposed health. It can be seen that Jingxiang not only has a barrier effect on the upstream, but also has a negative significance on the downstream. This dual feature is sufficient to explain its weight in the Southern Song Dynasty.

So Shi Songzhi was transferred to Xiangyang Hucao, and Shi Songzhi's wish was fulfilled.

operating Xiangyang

If the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to forge ahead to the north or resist the advance of the north, it was bound to attach importance to operating Xiangyang. Running Xiangyang well is enough to coordinate the whole front. Yue Fei, Wu Gong, etc. all used Xiangyang to make a difference.

Shi Songzhi is astutely aware of Jingxiang's position. He hopes to establish himself from the grass roots and start from this important place, which is enough to prove his strategy and ambition.

the Nanyang basin where Xiangyang is located has the characteristics of east-west extension and north-south intersection. Whether it is a dispute between the East and the West or between the North and the South, Nanyang Basin is a battleground. Xiangyang is located in the south of Nanyang basin, relying on Hubei, passing through Hanshui River and Yangtze River, connecting Wuhui in the east and Bashu in the west; From Nanyang basin, you can leave the Central Plains in the north, enter Guanzhong in the west, and contact Longxi through Hanzhong. During the confrontation between the north and the south, the military defense line in the south extended for three or four thousand miles from east to west, and Xiangyang was at the connection point between the southeast section and the northwest section of this long front. Therefore, although Xiangyang is a major center of gravity in Hubei, it has actually gone beyond local regionality and has global significance. Therefore, it is said that Xiangyang is the most important thing in the world. As a major town, Xiangyang's position has global significance.

As far as the reality of the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties is concerned, the Jin people came from the northeast, and their war source was far away in Liaodong. The northwest-southeast diagonal line from Guanlong and Jingxiang to the southeast is perpendicular to the northeast-southwest diagonal line of the attack direction of the Jin soldiers, and the danger of mountains and rivers can ensure that the Southern Song Dynasty temporarily evades the sharp attack of the Jin soldiers. This diagonal line stretches for thousands of miles, and the connection ties are the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. The Yangtze River connects Wuhui in the east, Bashu in the west, and Jingxiang lives in it. Hanshui River goes back from Hankou to the southeast edge of Gansu, which is a shortcut to connect Guanlong with the southeast, and Xiangyang is at the junction of this connection line. In this way, the important position of Xiangyang in the national defense line of the Southern Song Dynasty is self-evident. If the national defense line from Guanlong to the southeast is like a huge bowstring, then n, sending troops to the north from Xiangyang is like an arrow in the string. Its potential energy is beyond words.

It can be seen that the proper management of Xiangyang is enough to decide whether it is active or passive strategically. Li Gang, Chen Liang and others have also suggested that those in power should run Xiangyang and recover the Central Plains. In Chunxi, Chen Liang wrote to Song Xiaozong, suggesting that Jingxiang should be managed to restore the Central Plains. On the situation in Jingxiang area, it is said that (the land of Jingxiang) is connected with Wuhui in the east, Bashu in the west, Huxiang in the South Pole and Guanluo in the north, all of which are enough to make progress. If we can reclaim the land, wash the people, and use it to make it angry, so that it can meet the gas of Guanluo, we can compete with China.

Chen Liang thought that Qi and Qin were like two arms, so Qi must be lifted in the east and Qin in the west, so that the contents in my stomach would be consolidated in the south of the river and north of Changhuai. However, at that time, Qi and Qin were under the control of Jin people, and Jin people defended Qi and Qin more than Jingxiang, so the management of Jingxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty could really maintain an offensive and defensive situation: if Jin people attacked Huainan, the Song soldiers would leave Jingxiang to the north, which would reduce the pressure on Huainan; If the Jin people focus on Jing Xiang, they will be held back by the armies of the east and the west; If the time is right, let Jing Xiang's soldiers go north and slow down, which shows that between Tang and Deng, the Jin people will return to Henan to increase their garrison, so that the Jin people will be divided into Qi and Qin; The potential of Qi and Qin can be divided into two places, and the army of Sichuan can tackle the problem in the north of Gansu, and the navy can cooperate with Shandong heroes through the sea route to take Shandong. In this way, with the cooperation of Jingxiang and the armies of the east and west wings, no matter how the war situation changes, the Southern Song Dynasty can maintain the initiative in the war. Chen Liang's suggestion to manage Jingxiang is unique.

Shi Songzhi also has this vision. Since he became an official, he has been staying in Xiangyang almost all the time. In the sixteenth year of Jiading, Shi Songzhi was sent to Beijing West Road and Hubei Road to prepare for dispatch. Seventeen years, I was promoted to office work. In the third year of Baoqing, he was in charge of jiyi writing and returned to Xiangyang as a general judge.

In the first year of Shaoding, Shi Songzhi worked as a manager in Xiangyang, and accumulated a total of 68, stones, which really achieved a lot. In the third year of Shaoding, he reclaimed land in Zaoyang, and achieved success again. Therefore, Shi Songzhi was promoted to the second level. Later, due to the kindness of the Mingtang, Shi Songzhi was named Yin County Male, and Li Zong also gave him a food city. In the fourth year of Shaoding, Shi Songzhi was the judge of Zhimi Pavilion and Jingxi transshipment, and promoted Changping and appeased the Senate of the Department. In the fifth year of Shaoding, Li Qing and assistant minister of punishments were increased, and the position was promoted to know Xiangyang House, giving him cheap command, and he became a veritable military and political leader in Xiangyang.

Shi said: He often secretly reported the geography of Xiangyang and the confidential information of withdrawing troops and increasing defenses to Shi Miyuan, so he became the head coach of Xiangyang in less than ten years. Shi Songzhi made many strategic achievements in Xiangyang, which should be said to be the result of his own efforts.

It is obvious that Shi Songzhi's efforts to run Xiangyang have his own ambitions, and his success in running Xiangyang has indeed shown his extraordinary talents. He spent a lot of energy in cultivating fields, grasped the most critical issues, and prepared enough food, grass and military forces for strengthening Xiangyang's defense. Then, he waited patiently for the opportunity.

Everything pays off when you come to Luoyang

In the sixth year of Shaoding, Mongolia Wokuotai Khan sent an envoy to Beijing and Lake to discuss with Shi Songzhi, who was the envoy of Beijing and Lake, about the coordinated attack on gold, and made a promise that Henan would be owned by Song Ting after the gold was destroyed. Shi Songzhi reported it to the court for your approval. After deliberation, the imperial court thought that this opportunity should not be lost. So we should take the opportunity to avenge Jingkang's shame at Mongolia's request.

So Li Zong ordered Shi Songzhi to reply to the envoy, willing to attack the State of Jin. After World War I in Cai Zhou, Song Ting brushed the shame of Huiji and avenged Qi Xiang. Among them, Shi Songzhi is naturally good at using soldiers. Therefore, this war brought an infinite reputation to Shi Songzhi, and at the same time made Li Zong see Shi Songzhi's extraordinary talent.

who knows, after the death of Jin, although Lizong presented the ancestral temple as a prisoner, Mongolia did not keep its previous agreement and did not return it to Henan. Judging from the situation at that time, Sooner or later, there will be a war between Song and Meng. Therefore, Zhao Kui, the garrison commander, put forward the strategy of guarding the river.

Jin was stronger than the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was destroyed by Mongolia. Now Mongolia has the land of Jin Kingdom, and its power is at least twice that of the Southern Song Dynasty. With the ambition of the Mongols, it is only a matter of time before they want to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. If we sum up the experience of the Jin-Meng war, then Jin can last with Mongolia for decades, and Guanshouhe is the capital for confrontation. If the Southern Song Dynasty can also defend the river, it is equivalent to uniting with the gold forces, so that it has the minimum capital to deal with Mongolia. Therefore, when the strategy of blocking the river according to Guan Yu was put forward to stick to the plan, Prime Minister Zheng Qingzhi expressed his support. However, this strategy was really related to the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty, so it was brought to the court for discussion. At this time, Qiao Xingjian, who was involved in political affairs, and his allies almost unanimously expressed their opposition. Qiao Xingjian's principle of harmony is consistent, but in fact, this time he opposed the blocking of the river according to the customs, more because of his personal factors, and he had long attempted to form an alliance to replace Zheng Qingzhi. Qiao Xingjian and his allies have been secretly constrained or openly opposed since Duan Pingkai's administration. At that time, in order to solve the currency and financial crisis, Zheng Qingzhi implemented the policy of paying taxes on mu, while Qiao Xingjian immediately put forward the policy of weighing and raising on the grounds that this policy harmed Wang. History says that the change of strategy, although due to the poor plan of the pivot minister (Qiao Xingjian), can not be taken away from it. Qiao Hangjian has a wide range of alliances, including the Siming people in the DPRK. He wants to use Yuan Shao to express his revenge ... to arrange guests, and the capital is in an endless stream ... He is slandering and slandering, making friends, and turning to the above news, saying that it is not enough to take it as a phase, not Yuan Shao is not enough to supplement it, and that the fruit of Qianqing is not enough ... Today, the theory of painting people is called the ignorance of villains It is obvious that Qiao Xingjian and Yuan Shao conspired together. At that time, Qiao Xingjian was second only to Zheng Qingzhi. Now, on the issue of Guan Shouhe, he finally parted ways with Zheng Qingzhi.

Because Rizong personally made the decision, the imperial court finally negotiated to send troops to Luo. However, Shi Songzhi, the envoy of Beijing Lake, became a key figure in the successful implementation of sending troops into Luo. When the court told Shi Songzhi about this decision, he resolutely opposed it and wrote six articles, arguing against it. After the two Huai armies were dispatched, Rizong lured him to attend with the position of Minister of War, but he also rebuffed him!

Shi Songzhi has been operating in Xiangyang for ten years, and he has a deep-rooted influence in the army. Jinghu Lake is the closest to Sanjing, which is the most convenient to enter the army and the logistics supply is easy to solve. At the same time, the instability of Jinghu Lake will inevitably hinder the soldiers from entering Sanjing. What would happen if Shi Songzhi was removed from the post of Beijing Lake envoy? The new position will inevitably be difficult to control the situation in Jinghu Lake for a while, which will not be beneficial to sending troops into Los Angeles. Li Zong and Zheng Qingzhi think that Shi Songzhi has not reached the point where he ignores Dasong's life and death! They think that Shi Songzhi is a man who attaches great importance to work, and he can't do anything without real power, so he finally gave Shi Songzhi the important task of the crucial battle of leveling into Luodu Grain and Grass.

The imperial court ordered Song to plan his salary, and Song said: I think thoroughly, think carefully, be willing to be scorned by dullness, and come up with a comprehensive plan. Jingxiang has been plagued by floods, locusts and locusts for years, and he has been suffering from hunger and exile. He has tried his best to rescue him, but he is still living, and the recruitment is complicated. Is his husband worthy of life? It is bound to cause the owner to abandon his business and flee, the servant to escape in the middle of the road, and the people who have no return will gather to steal, and the hungry will be defeated before the war. At this time, I am afraid that I will be worried about the night. Soldiers and people, your majesty's soldiers and people also, a piece of paper to adjust hair, things are obedient. However, it is a matter of fundamental importance. If you are willing to plan its success, you must plan its failure. You must consider its beginning and its end. You should carefully examine it and be familiar with it with the second and third ministers. If the husband is reconciled and enterprising, he will never be at odds. When I am appointed to guard the border, the appropriate things will be rushed, and there are different opinions. Similarity and attachment, so that the country is mistaken, and its crime should be punished; Indeed, a foolish man who keeps his promise will be punished if he obeys Ding Ning's orders. The purpose is to stop at one, and the mistake of the country is the world.

What Shi Songzhi said is true, and there are also excuses. Shi Songzhi has been in Xiangyang for more than ten years, and his main achievement lies in the manager's reclamation. By the first year of Shaoding, Shi Songzhi had accumulated 68 thousand stones in the valley. Last winter, the Mongols who besieged Cai Zhou were sent 3, mangoku stores. Will it be impossible to provide Kaifeng and Luoyang with stores this summer? Now that the imperial court has made a decision, the Prime Minister Zheng Qingzhi thought that he must work together and be consistent with the outside world, so he wrote to Shi Songzhi, telling him not to be different. Shi Songzhi still tried to resign, but finally reluctantly accepted the post.

In fact, there are two main reasons why Shi Songzhi makes excuses. First, from his personality, he is unwilling to make a wedding dress for others. According to Guan Shouhe's strategy, it was put forward by Shoujiang Zhao Kui, etc. If it succeeds, however, the first achievement will naturally not fall on Shi Songzhi's head. What's more, Shi Songzhi has always been reluctant to cooperate with Zhao Kui, the commander of Huaidong. Second, since Miyuan's death, the Shi family has been given preferential treatment and reused in all aspects. But in contrast, the preferential treatment and reuse of historians are quite different from that of Miyuan. At that time, in order to bridge the rift in the imperial court and achieve harmony and unity, Zheng Qingzhi called back the celebrities who were unwilling to cooperate with Shi Miyuan, such as Zhen Dexiu, Wei Liaoweng, You Xiang, Hong Advisory Kui, Li Zongmian and Du Fan. These celebrities included people from Zhu Xue, Lu Xue and Lu Xue, and they came to power together. At that time, there was a revival in the court, which was called Xiaoyuan V. But this practice