Among the local Han people in Boluo, most of them speak Hakka dialect, and some speak Min dialect and Cantonese dialect. Common Hakka dialect. The language distribution in Boluo is very complicated, which can be divided into:
Hakka dialect:
Boluo local dialect: it belongs to Huizhong piece of Hakka dialect and is also a kind of Dongjiang local dialect. Together with the eastern Hakka dialect, it constitutes the main component of Boluo dialect. Boluo dialect is quite different from ordinary Hakka dialect, and it is similar to Huicheng dialect, but there are some differences. From the phonetic characteristics, the common explanation in the language field is "a Hakka dialect with the characteristics of Cantonese dialect". But some linguists have other opinions. There are two kinds of ethnic identity of Boluo dialect users, one is Hakka identity, and the other is local identity, which is mainly distributed on the north bank of Dongjiang River in the south, such as Luo Yang (county), Longxi, Longhua, Huzhen, Henghe, Yangcun, Gongzhuang and Guanyinge.
Eastern Hakka dialect: It belongs to Huizhong piece of Hakka dialect, but it is very close to Huiyang dialect in Xinhui piece. Together with the eastern Hakka dialect, it constitutes the main component of Boluo dialect.
Pingpo dialect: it belongs to Hakka Huizhong film. In fact, Zhangchao Hakka dialect group, which originated in Fujian, belongs to a kind of Hakka dialect in southern Fujian. It is deeply influenced by Min dialect.
Min dialect:
Helao dialect: It is widely distributed in the area near Huicheng. Helao dialect users use Hakka dialect at the same time.
Cantonese:
Guangfu dialect: It belongs to Cantonese Guangfu film, which is close to Cantonese in Conghua and Zengcheng, but different from Guangzhou dialect. Guangfu dialect is distributed in Yuanzhou and Shiwan near Dongguan.
Non-Chinese:
She language: It belongs to Miao-Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and it is not Chinese, nor is it similar to Hakka language commonly used by She people. Distributed in She nationality areas. Boluo traditional folk music is a folk song, which is the most popular folk art form in Boluo, and is mainly popular in rural and mountainous areas where Hakkas live. Boluo's Xiancun folk song is a kind of Hakka folk song. Hakka folk song is a folk song sung in Hakka dialect. It inherits the traditional style in The Book of Songs, is greatly influenced by the rhythm of Tang poetry and Zhuzhi Ci, and at the same time absorbs the excellent elements of folk songs in southern China. It has been widely circulated for thousands of years and has been sung for a long time. Hakka folk songs include labor songs, exhortation songs, industry songs, juggling songs, bravado songs, metaphysical songs, flip songs, riddle songs and guessing tunes, minor, bamboo song and so on. The structure of all kinds of lyrics is roughly the same, with four sentences and seven characters each, and every one, two or four sentences are even. Her tunes are rich, including chant folk songs, official folk songs, four eight-section folk songs, allegro folk songs, overlapping folk songs and five folk songs. Hakka folk songs have beautiful melodies, and almost all of them have decorative sounds such as vibrato, sliding sound and leaning sound, which makes the melody circuitous and euphemistic.
Wushu board is popular in Hakka area of Boluo county. The tune of the five-sentence board is fixed, with five sentences in one paragraph, so it is called the five-sentence board. In addition, three pieces of bamboo boards are needed to sing the pentameter, so it is also called bamboo song. At first, it was a song sung by the poor when begging along the street, so it was also called "Jiaohua Song". Later, it gradually developed into a special song for singing long stories. After the founding of New China, the five-sentence board boarded the elegant hall, among which "Mountain Village Fresh Wind" was also staged in Beijing and was well received. Lion dance during the Spring Festival has a very long history in Huizhou, and it continues to this day, and it is still in the ascendant.
China is not the origin of lions, so lion dancing should be imported. According to legend, Zhang Tianshi, the originator of Taoist Tianshi School in Han Dynasty, lived in Longhu Mountain, and his mount was a tiger, so the people in Han Dynasty danced tigers instead of lions. Buddhism was introduced into China when Emperor Hanming was in the East. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhism flourished. It was said that the mount of Manjusri Bodhisattva was a lion. With the spread and influence of Buddhism, lions were revered by the people, so lion dancing gradually replaced tiger dancing. According to records, after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, lion dancing became increasingly popular among the people, and it developed to accompaniment of gongs and drums in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. For example, Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Xiliang Geisha": "Xiliang Geisha, a masked beard and a fake lion, carved wood for the head and tail. Gold-plated eyes and silver teeth, Fenxun sweater with ears. If you come to Wan Li from quicksand, you will see purple beard with deep eyes, and the dancing beam will come to give a speech. " After the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was gradually divided into two factions, the North faction was wrapped all over, and it looked like a real lion; The southern school is dominated by Guangdong lions, with one person dancing the lion's head and one cheating the lion's tail. The lion dancers often wear Tang costumes and bloomers, and people are exposed, mainly showing martial arts.
Guangdong lion is the folk lion dance in Huizhou, and there are four kinds of lions popular in Huizhou in modern times. One is "big-headed dog", which is called "big-headed dog lion"; The second is "Kirin", which is called "Kirin lion"; The third is the flat nose lion; The fourth is the bullfighting lion; These four kinds of animals and lions introduced from the western regions have changed in species. There is no shadow of the lion at all. Among the four kinds of lions, the "big-headed dog" is suspected to have been introduced from Kaiping, Nanxiong, Shunde, Zhongshan and other places; Kirin lion belongs to Hakka lion, while lion species such as bullfighting and flat nose are mostly found in Danshui and Longchuan. According to some data, the native lion species in Huizhou should be "big-headed dog" and "Kirin".
Huizhou folk lion dance has the same characteristics as dragon dance, both of which are made by themselves. Usually, lion teams are organized spontaneously by street (village) units. In the old days, after the new lion was built, it was often called "opening your eyes" and "grabbing the green" activities. During the Spring Festival, lion dance activities are the most frequent. In addition, some large families often invite lions to dance for the sake of "exorcism and security" on happy occasions and the opening day of shops.
Huizhou folk lion dance is characterized in that the lion takes the box to lead the way, followed by the lion, followed by the martial arts team with knives, sticks, spears and other cold weapons.
The traditional movements of lion dance include marching, dozing, scratching, climbing to grab the green, and grabbing firecrackers. Drums are divided into allegro, medium board, adagio and brake board, and seven drums are played.
On the morning of the first day of the Spring Festival, it is often the time when the Lion Team walks through the alley. Residents greet each other with firecrackers and seal red envelopes. The Lion Team dances in the door of the home, bringing good luck to the households. After that, the residents send firecrackers to each other. The practice of lion dancing in the Spring Festival is often postponed until the 15th day of the first month.
The lion dance in the Spring Festival has continued to this day. Lion dance teams in some towns and villages in Boluo County are quite famous, and they often organize some lion dance competitions. Mabei meatballs
Mabei meatballs have a history of more than 1 years. They are famous for their unique ingredients, ancestral secrets, smooth taste and delicious meat. They are mainly distributed in Boluo County and towns in Hedong area, and are also exported to Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao. In 28, Mabei meatballs have become the county-level intangible cultural heritage list, the first district-level intangible cultural heritage list in Huiyang District, and the intangible cultural heritage list in Huizhou City.
Mabei meatballs are famous for their delicious soup, unique taste and tenacity. They are the best local folk food. They are well-known and widely spread in Dongjiang Valley of Huizhou, and play a role in promoting the study of traditional food culture, especially the food culture of Hakka people.
earthen kiln chicken in Luofu Mountain
The earthen kiln chicken in Luofu Mountain has a unique recipe, so it is necessary to use the ground-walking chicken on Luofu Mountain, which is full of insects and exercises. The special earth kiln for making "Earth Kiln Chicken" is built on a small earth slope. This earth kiln has three kiln mouths, and each kiln can roast eight "Earth Kiln Chicken" at a time. The earth bricks inside are all special bricks from Boluo local countryside, which has its special soil fragrance.
Hakka salted chicken
Salty flavor is the characteristic of Hakka cuisine, and salted chicken best embodies this. The skin is smooth and smooth, so it is praised as the best chicken in the world. Dongjiang cuisine is also as famous as Chaozhou cuisine and Guangzhou cuisine in Guangdong, which is famous for eating chicken, because of its salted chicken.
brewing bitter gourd
brewing bitter gourd, pepper, eggplant, bean sprouts, mushrooms, etc. are widely distributed in Hakka areas and are home-cooked dishes. There is a saying that brewing bitter gourd, pepper and eggplant is "brewing three treasures" Among them, the brewed bitter gourd is a classic, sweet and delicious, with a long aftertaste.
braised pork
braised pork is one of the top ten Hakka specialties, which is characterized by golden color, refreshing, soft and smooth, fat but not greasy, and is an indispensable local dish for Hakka people to host banquets and entertain relatives and friends.
Baitang White-cut Goose
Baitang White-cut Goose has become one of the special cuisines in Boluo County, with a long-standing reputation, and it has also become a special food in Boluo County that has become a city and a large-scale operation. Baitang white-cut geese are raised locally, which are fat but not greasy, smooth and delicious.
Hakka fermented bean curd
Fermented bean curd is a representative of Hakka cuisine, which is fresh, tender, fragrant and nutritious. One family cooks and ten families are fragrant, which is a reserved dish for Hakka people on holidays.