The clinical symptoms of human beings are called black widow syndrome. Bites usually occur in the wild, simple toilets, shacks and so on. At first, I didn't feel anything. After a period of time (10 ~ 60 minutes), the adjacent lymph nodes were swollen and slightly painful, and then aggravated, and the pain began to spread all over the body, with red marks extending to the lymph nodes. After that, the muscles contract, tighten and spasm. The skin is tight, the whole body emits sticky cold sweat, and the hair stands on end.
One of the symptoms of black widow's syndrome is muscle contraction, tightness, spasm, skin tightness, cold sweat and hair sticking up.
At this stage, patients are usually unable to stand, lie on the ground, cry in pain and helplessness, and have a huge psychological impact. The patient's face showed a typical Latrodesmi phase (also called Latrodesmi). This psychological symptom shows that the toxin seems to cross the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrovascular liquid barrier, affecting the brain nerves, making patients feel anxious and even afraid of death.
One of the patients with black widow syndrome has typical facial features (also known as atresia).
Treating black widow spider bite;
(1) External treatment of the affected area seems to be ineffective because the virus spreads quickly.
(2) Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate can relieve the pain first, but the pain will recur within 20 minutes.
(3) The fundamental and rapid method is to inject antiviral serum, which will have a significant effect in about 10 ~ 20 minutes.
(4) The best treatment is intravenous injection of glucose and calcium, and then injection of anti-toxic serum, so that the pain will disappear quickly and will not recur.
Loxocelis:loxosceles Hermit Spider Brown Hermit Spider Brown Hermit Spider
Spiders of the genus Spider are widely distributed in North America, South America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Cases caused by spiders have been reported in the above areas. Brown hermit spiders are small, with a body length of about 10mm or less, and each release is about 0. 13 ~ 0.27 mg (dry weight).
Its venom has the characteristics of dissolving protein and hemolysis, especially sphingomyelinase contained in the venom can directly dissolve the membrane of red blood cells and cause deep damage.
The clinical symptoms of brown hermit spider bite can be divided into two categories:
A. Skin symptoms B. Visceral symptoms
(1) Skin symptoms (87%):
It is characterized by necrosis and swelling of the tissues around the bite, shedding after 1 ~ 3 weeks, and the ulcer gradually heals.
(2) Visceral symptoms (13%):
In addition to local skin symptoms, these patients will develop hemolytic anemia, hematuria and hemoglobinuria within 24 hours. Due to the accumulation of red blood cells and platelets, they will cause thrombosis of venules and arterioles, leading to non-inflammatory nephropathy (nephropathy), oliguria or anuria.
The treatment of brown hermit spider bite is very fast, but once local or systemic symptoms appear, it is too slow, and any treatment can only slow down the attack. Generally speaking, it is recommended to give high-dose corticosteroids for 2 to 4 days, because the digestive tract mucosa may have been damaged. In addition, there are antibiotics, surgical treatment, blood transfusion, hemodialysis and so on. Yes, it depends on the degree of the disease. At present, there are anti-venom developed from mules, but it needs to be injected within 36 hours after bite.
Odonata, Ctenomedusae
Characteristics, symptoms and treatment:
This kind of spider is huge and aggressive. Its venom contains histamine, serotonin, hyaluronic acid, protein lysozyme and so on, and its components are very complicated. This spider can release up to 8 milligrams of toxin at a time, which can kill 300 mice. Fortunately, clinical reports show that this spider does not release the largest amount every time it bites. The mechanism of venom is to promote the permeability of sodium ions on nerve and muscle cell membranes. Its bite symptoms are severe pain in the affected area, which extends to the trunk and sometimes even causes shock. Its wound is not gangrenous like a brown reclusive spider. In addition, the patient's systemic symptoms are sweating, hypothermia, rapid heartbeat and high blood pressure. In the course of treatment, morphine can be used to relieve pain first, and warm water can be used to dilate blood vessels and relieve pain in the affected area. Then inject antihistamines and high-dose antitoxin serum (subcutaneous+intravenous injection). At present, Instituto Butantan in Brazil has developed a three-effect mixed serum of Phonetia-Lycosa-loxosceles.
Funnel web spider, funnel web spider, arachnida, Hexadellidae.
1. atractyl toxin is the main component of venom, which is toxic to primates and dogs, but not to rabbits. Atractylotoxin can change the membrane potential of nerve cells and make the autonomic nervous system secrete a lot of acetylcholine, adrenaline and norepinephrine. The toxicity of male spiders is about 4 times that of female spiders. The reason may be that male spiders need to leave their nests to find mating partners during the breeding season, while female spiders don't; Because spiders are vulnerable to attack when they leave their nests, they have evolved strong toxicity under the pressure of natural selection. The symptoms of spider bite in funnel net depend on whether the spider releases a lot of toxins. Severe pain, redness, hair standing upright and sweating will occur locally; Features are like latrodectism；; Systemic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sweating, tape casting (within 10 minutes), tears, nervousness, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia and fever, and dyspnea caused by stagnant water is the main cause of death.
2. Treatment: The emergency treatment after being bitten by a funnel web spider is as follows:
(1) pressure bandage method: pressing the bite can compress the venom in the subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes it can naturally denature and lose its toxicity. When being sent to hospital for treatment or even injecting serum, experts suggest that the pressure bandage should still be kept in the affected area, because in many cases, once the pressure bandage is released, it will cause systemic symptoms.
(2) Antivenom: After injection of antihistamine and hydrocortisone, injection of antivenom can quickly relieve symptoms. This antiserum was extracted from rabbit serum by Comnonwealth serum laboratory in Australia. In 2000, the price of one dose was $760. According to the research, the serum made from Sydney funnel web spider Atrax can be used for different kinds of Atrax, but it needs a large dose, and it can also be used for various bites of blue mountain funnel web spider Hadronich. Since the introduction of this serum in 1980, no deaths have been reported (from 1927 to 1980, there were 13 deaths).
Spiders belong to the genus Arachnidae.
1. Features:
In Taiwan Province Province, there is a report of the Hulster Spider (Macrothele Holstipock1901) during the Japanese occupation. The natives call it Dalumas, and they are very afraid of it. It is said that if you step on their footprints, they will die, but if you cross their nests, they will be blind. Japanese Yoshio Sakaguchi once experimented with chickens to explore their toxicity. It is said that these chickens were bitten, but they were not fatal. They died in 65438. After I was bitten by this spider, my pain was like a knife within 30 minutes, and my bitten hand could not write freely after three days. After the restoration, there was no relevant report in Taiwan Province Province.
Hulst Shang Hu Spider (Macrothel Holsti Pocock1901)
2. Recent bite cases:
Until recently, the Third Army General Hospital of Taiwan Province Province reported another confirmed case of spider bite. 1989 In early May, a 4-year-old child in Linping was bitten by a spider hiding in his shoes.
A case of spider bite
Its symptoms are severe pain in the wound, muscle tension in lower limbs, limping, red line extending from the wound to groin along the inner side of lower limbs, abdominal pain, poor spirit, loss of appetite, lethargy, drooling, vomiting, cold limbs, chills, increased blood pressure (142/85mmHg) and rapid heartbeat (138/min). The emergency department of the general hospital of the three armed forces treated the patients with intravenous water and glucose, 10% glucose and calcium, oral acetaminophen, antihistamines and preventive antibiotics. Spiders were identified as giant spiders. Haupt 1998.
3.3. Comparison of clinical symptoms. Macrophages and Atlas:
local symptom
The wound is red and swollen √√
Severe pain √√
Hair stand up √√
Sweat √
general symptom
Nausea √ √
Vomiting √√
Abdominal pain √√
Diarrhea √
Drooling √√.
Tears √
Muscle tension √√
Dyspnea √
Heart rate increases √√.
Fever √
The symptoms of the two bites are very similar, and they are also very similar to Hadronyche's symptoms. Therefore, the main components of the three venoms should be the same; Therefore, the antivenom of Taiwan Province province may be used to treat spider bites, but further basic and clinical research is needed.
4. Prevention and treatment of spider bites:
(1) First-aid treatment: immediately press the affected area with a clean cloth, if possible, use a pressure bandage supplemented by a splint, and send it to a doctor for emergency treatment.
(2) Prevention: During the breeding season, males will leave their nests to look for females, which is the time when they are most likely to enter their homes or come into contact with humans in the wild. Most spiders live at night and choose hidden places to hide during the day. Therefore, residents in low-altitude mountainous areas or people camping in the wild should not only pay special attention to their actions at night, but also pay attention to whether there are large spiders hiding in their shoes or in the dark places of their houses during the day to avoid being bitten.