1, medicinal value

Bitter in nature; A cold nature; Poisonous

Efficacy classification of heat-clearing drugs; Blood-activating drugs

Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials; Activating blood circulation to stop bleeding; Detumescence and pain relief; Indications: Tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, urinary tract inflammation, metrorrhagia, leukorrhagia and traumatic bleeding. Sore throat, cough due to lung heat, stranguria, metrorrhagia, leukorrhagia, carbuncle, eczema, intractable tinea, traumatic hemorrhage. It can be used for treating bone steaming, edema of limbs, stranguria, menoxenia, tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, cystitis, fracture, malignant sore, hemostasis and anthelmintic. [3]

Administration and dosage: Take orally: decocted, 6-9g. External use: fresh and appropriate amount, mashed; Or the dried product is ground and applied.

Medication should be used with caution, and it is forbidden for people with weak constitution. The whole plant of this product is toxic, and its white milk is more toxic.

Poisoning symptoms and rescue methods are headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Then abdominal pain, diarrhea, irritability and delirium; Finally, cold limbs, cold sweat, pale face, irregular pulse, dilated pupils, insensitivity to light and spasm; Then he went into a coma, his heart stopped beating and he died. If the poison is not vomited, it can induce vomiting and gastric lavage, and diarrhea can be induced in the middle and late stage; Take egg white and vitamin c; Drink a lot of strong tea; Intramuscular injection of atropine; Intravenous glucose injection.

2. Choice of political parties

① Treatment of mastitis, carbuncle and furuncle: Bamboo Forest Standard 2 to San Qian. Decoct with water.

(2) Treatment of knife and gun injuries: fresh bamboo products are mashed and applied externally. (The selected prescriptions are all from Yunnan Chinese herbal medicines)

3, drug (poison) mechanism

The whole grass of milkweed is poisonous, especially milky white, but flowers are also the place where milkweed is rich in nectar. Many butterfly larvae feed on milkweed, and the toxicity left by milkweed helps it escape the attack of birds. Eating milkweed milk by mistake can cause weakness, swelling, inability to stand or walk, high fever, rapid but weak pulse, dyspnea, dilated pupils and other symptoms.

The decoction of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and shells of domestic milkweed stops the frog heart in contraction; Its seed tincture has been shown to have cardiotonic effect by experiments of heart, cardiopulmonary device and electrocardiogram in cats in vivo. A crude glycoside, namely, milkweed glycoside, was isolated from the whole plant of milkweed in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, which showed cardiac glycoside properties for cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, and its action characteristics were similar to echinacoside. The cardiotonic effect of carotene is close to that of inulin G.

Toxicity Many plants in this genus have certain toxicity. Rats were given 2g (crude drug)/day of water, alcohol and petroleum ether extracts from the stems and leaves of this product for 4 weeks, which did not cause death and had no obvious effect on body weight and reproductive function. The ethanol extract of this product was injected intraperitoneally at 5mg/kg for 5 consecutive days, and no cumulative poisoning was found in rabbits. However, it is reported that intravenous injection in rats and rabbits can cause pallor of lungs and intestines, renal congestion, bleeding of brain, lungs, mesenteric arterioles and spinal cord neck and waist. The minimum lethal dose of lactulose to pigeons was 54.97 19.4mg (crude drug) /kg.

The accumulation and biological activity of arbutin are very small, and it does not accumulate in pigeons within 24 hours. Its biological activity (pigeon method) is 0.75 1.0 17mg/kg, which is 1/4- 1/5 of echinacoside G and close to digitalis.

Cytotoxic carotene glycoside can inhibit human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro, which may have anti-tumor effect.

Other effects belong to the same plant Asclepiasincarnata, which affects the chemoreceptors of carotid body. Local anesthetics can reduce it, but it has little effect. Milkweed stem and leaf decoction has a slight inhibitory effect on the uterus of rats, and the perfusion flow of hind limbs of rats is obviously increased, but it has no reaction to the ileum of guinea pigs.

4. Chemical composition

The leaves contain coronatoxin, calotropin, Uzarigen, Crotoxigen, coronatoxin, Askolegogenin, clepogenin and Clepogenin. Crude cardiac glycoside curassavicin is also obtained from whole grass. [3]

5. Identification of raw medicinal materials

Milkweed has a peculiar smell and a slightly bitter taste.

Microscopic identification of stem cross section (about 5mm in diameter): epidermal cells 1 row, covered by cuticle, see epidermis or its residue. The number of cortical cells is 10. Vascular tissue is continuous and annular, and it is double-tough. There are phloem fiber bundles on the outer side of the ectophloem, which are arranged in intermittent rings, and the fiber cell walls are not lignified. The cambium is continuous and annular. The xylem is wide, and the vessel and lignocellulose cell walls are lignified. Endophytic phloem bundles are usually spaced apart. The pulp is very wide. The parenchyma cells of this product are rich in starch granules, and some cells contain calcium oxalate clusters.

6, leaf epidermis characteristics

The vertical wall of epithelial cells is flat or slightly curved, and sometimes the cuticle texture can be seen on the outer wall. The vertical wall of the lower epidermal cells is often wavy and curved. Both the upper and lower epidermis have pores, most of which are uncertain. Non-glandular hair is 78-328m long, curved or straight, with several cells, the top cells are slightly pointed or blunt, and the wall often has short longitudinal warts. Glandular hairs are 55- 190m long, with single cells on the head, long and narrow oval or oval, and often wither.

Functions and uses of milkweed

Ornamental value

Milkweed is mainly used for garden planting, flower bed planting, cut flowers and potted plants. Milkweed can be used as ornamental crops in landscaping, but milkweed is toxic, so attention should be paid to avoid adverse consequences when using it. In addition, milkweed can also be used as a butterfly attracting plant. Leaves are herbivores of butterfly caterpillars, and birch larvae like milkweed best. Flowers are important insect-intensive plants.

Garden use of milkweed

Milkweed can be used as ornamental crops in landscaping, but milkweed is toxic, so attention should be paid to avoid adverse consequences when using it.

In addition, milkweed can also be used as a vegetable introduction plant.