Requirements of ruminants for seed feed: For sheep, it is best not to process seed feed, because the whole seed feed cannot pass through the rumen smoothly. After the whole grain is fed to sheep, it will be stored in the rumen to be decomposed when ruminating, which can relatively increase its residence time in the rumen. In small-scale farming in rural areas, it is economical and convenient to feed all kinds of feed. But for a large ruminant such as cattle, the whole grain can pass through the lower mouth of rumen smoothly. Therefore, this kind of big cow needs to be processed when feeding grain. Once the whole grain passes through the rumen, the subsequent digestion process is unlikely to digest the whole grain and break the seeds, which can increase the contact between rumen microorganisms and their contents.

The general technological process of autoclaved tablets is: raw materials → impurity removal → preparation → steam heating → tabletting → drying and cooling. The specific method is to add water and surfactant (conditioner) to prepare raw materials after removing impurities such as miscellaneous stones and metals. Generally, 8% ~ 10% water is added to keep 12 ~ 18 hours, so that water can penetrate into the corn; Then put the corn into a vertical stainless steel steamer, and treat it with steam at 100 ~ 1 10℃ for 40 ~ 60 minutes; Finally, the corn after modulation and steam treatment is rolled into corn flakes with required specific bulk density (usually 309-386 g/L) by two preheated large rollers, and the bulk density of corn flakes decreases with the increase of processing degree (extrusion pressure). Corn flakes can be fed directly or after "cooling and drying" (losing some water), without affecting its feeding effect.

Vapor flake technology is an effective grain processing method, which can improve the digestibility of starch in rumen, small intestine and whole digestive tract, increase energy value and urea circulation times in vivo, optimize the distribution of nitrogen in vivo and improve the production performance of cattle. Corn varieties, producing areas, harvest time and precipitation will all affect the composition of corn, thus affecting the processing of steam-pressed corn; At the same time, different feeding methods and concentrate-to-coarse ratio of steamed corn will also have a certain impact on production performance. This technology has just been introduced into China in recent years, and it is still necessary to further study the processing technology of steam-sliced corn, the feeding method of corn flakes and its influence on the metabolism of other substances in order to promote the popularization and application of steam-sliced corn in China.