I. Main features of cultivating shiitake mushroom

1. Resource-saving and wide range of materials. All shrubs, trees and straws can be used as raw materials.

2. Short cycle, quick effect. Cultivating shiitake mushrooms on behalf of materials, from the preparation of materials to the end of the harvest in less than a year, the capital turnover is fast.

3, saving labor, saving base, men, women and children can be operated, the field side of the field side can be built shed production.

4, artificial control conditions, not affected by the weather.

5. High utilization rate of raw materials, the cylinder after cultivating shiitake mushroom can be processed into feed and fertilizer.

Two, mushroom cultivation mode

1, spring planting. Spring (October-November) production of fungus tube, March-June production of shiitake mushrooms.

2. Autumn planting. Produce mushroom tubes in fall (late August to late September) and shiitake mushrooms in winter.

Three, fall cultivation of shiitake mushroom cylinder production should pay attention to several problems.

1, inoculation (culture) room

(1) room conditions. Inoculation (culture) mostly in the same house. So the culture room should be able to seal, heat preservation, ventilation and cooling, not humid.

(2) strict room treatment, clean, fully dry, thoroughly fumigated and sterilized, into the sterilized cylinder 3 days before, fumigated with sulfur 30 g / m3 or formaldehyde 15 ml / m3.

2, accurate ingredients

(1) strict formula ratio, dry material ratio, wood chips 80-85%, bran 15-20%, gypsum powder 1-2 %, high temperature should be added to the appropriate amount of fungicide to prevent and control the contamination of stray bacteria.

(2) the right amount of water, dry material ratio of 1:0.8-0.9, the culture material water should not be too heavy, so as not to cause pollution.

(3) The right amount of bagging, the top and bottom of the same tightness.

3, sterilization thoroughly

(1) bottling is not easy too tight, between the bag and bag must leave a gap, at the same time will be used to carry the preparation of bags of material bags, inoculation bags, cotton into the retort together with sterilization.

(2) on the retort, six hours or so to make the temperature rise to 100 ℃, do not drop the temperature to maintain more than 20 hours.

(3) the thermometer used must be 150 ℃ mercury thermometer.

(4) Sterilization retort before and after the temperature will appear inconsistent phenomenon, but to the final rise to 100 ℃ where the record keeping time.

4, the cylinder out of the retort

(1) while hot out of the retort, after the cease-fire, the temperature inside the retort fell to about 70 ℃ to start out of the retort.

(2) aseptic handling, handling sterilized barrels, must use aseptic woven bags or sterilized fabric padded with other handling tools for transportation.

(3) aseptic cylinder directly to the sterilized inoculation room, "#" type stacking 6-8 layers, let it cool naturally.

Four, inoculation

1, to be sterilized bag down to 28 ℃, the inoculation of utensils used, strains, clothing and other items into the inoculation room, with the cylinder together with fumigation sterilization.

2, strain treatment. First, into the inoculation room before removing the cotton plug with 75% alcohol or other germicidal agents will be the strain bag (bottle) scrubbing again. Second, before inoculation and then use 75% alcohol to rub the strain bag once. Third, inoculation from the bottom of the bottle (bag) began to pick up, the upper part of the left 1-2 centimeters do not need.

3, operation standardization. First, the inoculation must be 3 people a shift, a person transport bag wipe bag, a person eye sealing, a person access to strains. Second, the speed of inoculation to be agile, with the eye, with inoculation, with the seal. Third, the inoculation time is arranged after nine o'clock in the evening or cloudy days, so as not to increase the pollution of dust. Fourth, a short period of time to pick up, pick up and then use aerosol disinfectant fumigation once.

V. Cultivation of mushroom cylinder

Cultivation of high-quality mushroom cylinder must be strictly in accordance with the optimal range of temperature, humidity, oxygen and light needed for the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium for artificial management and control.

1, keep the temperature around 25℃, often observe and master the temperature inside the room and bag.

2, pay attention to ventilation, inoculation three days later, it began to ventilate the air, room temperature is low at 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. each ventilation, each time about half an hour, the temperature is high in the morning and evening ventilation.

3, timely oxygenation, accelerate mycelial growth, as soon as possible to reach physiological maturity. General culture seven days after the beginning of puncture to increase oxygen, every 10-15 days, with a large needle, etc. (pricked in the mycelium to go white, can not be pricked in the blank medium) with a bag and film, remove the bag, tear off the film can be replaced by the first puncture, and later according to the temperature and the formation of mycelium tumors, discretionary prick holes, the temperature is low and more pricking, the temperature is high and fewer pricking, mycelium tumors formed in the place may not be pricked. To the fourth and later will be piercing, will discharge white (yellow) water.