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Western Food Etiquette
In Europe, everything to do with eating is highly valued because it offers two of the most appreciated aesthetic pleasures at the same time - food and conversation. In addition to exquisite taste, the matching of wines and dishes during the meal, elegant dining etiquette, adjusting and relaxing the mind, enjoying the environment and the food, and the correct use of cutlery and wine utensils are all prerequisites for entering into the gastronomic world.

It is important to note that in the West to go to a restaurant to eat generally have to make a reservation in advance, in the reservation, there are a few points to pay special attention to make it clear that, first of all, to explain the number of people and the time, and secondly, to indicate whether you want to smoking area or a good view of the seats. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can tell the purpose of the party and the budget.

Re-expensive casual wear, can not be casually dressed on the upscale Western-style restaurant dinner, dressed appropriately is common sense in Europe and the United States. To go to a high-end Western restaurant, men should wear neat; women should wear evening dresses or suits and shoes with a heel, women's make-up to be a little heavy because of the restaurant's light is dark, if the designated wear formal dress, men must wear a tie, into the restaurant, men should open the door first, please enter the women should ask the women to go in the front. Seating and wine ordering should be done by asking the lady to taste and decide. On social occasions, no matter how hot the weather is, one should not unbutton and take off one's clothes in public. Small casual banquets, such as the host asked the guests to broaden their clothes, the male guests can take off their outerwear on the back of the chair.

[edit]Drinking Tea

(or Coffee) Drinking tea and coffee, if you want to add milk and sugar, you can take it and add it to the cup, and then use a small teaspoon to stir, the teaspoon is still put back into a small dish, usually milk and sugar are used in a separate vessel. Usually, milk and sugar are served in separate containers. When drinking, hold the cup handle in your right hand and the saucer in your left hand. When you drink coffee, you will add liquid coffee mate to the coffee. If you don't want to waste it, you can pour a little of the coffee into the cup and saucer containing the coffee mate and stir it, and then pour it into the coffee cup and stir it again, but don't drink the rest of the coffee mate directly by mistake.

[edit]Drinking soup

Don't suck on it. Use a spoon to scoop up the soup from back to front, with the bottom of the spoon resting on your lower lip to bring the soup into your mouth. It is better to hold the spoon at a 45° angle to your mouth. Lean forward slightly on the upper part of your body. When there is not much soup left in the bowl, use your fingers to lift the bowl slightly. If the soup is served in a bowl with a grip ring, you can just hold the ring and serve it.

[edit]Fruits

Eating pears and apples, don't hold the whole thing and bite it, you should first use a fruit knife to cut it into four or six petals, then use the knife to remove the skin and core, and then eat it with your hands, peeling the skin with the knife pointing inward, and peeling it from the outside to the inside. Bananas first peeled, cut into small pieces with a knife to eat. Oranges cut into pieces with a knife to eat, oranges, lychees, longan, etc. can be peeled to eat. The rest, such as watermelon, pineapple, etc., usually peeled and cut into pieces, eat with a fruit knife cut into small pieces with a fork to take.

[edit]Water Pellet

In the banquet, on the chicken, lobster, fruit, sometimes send a small water pellet (copper basin, porcelain bowl or crystal glass jar), the water floating rose petals or lemon slices, for hand washing (there have been some people mistakenly drink, so that became a joke). When washing, both hands take turns wetting their fingers, gently swishing, and then drying with a napkin or small towel.

[edit]Souvenirs

Some hosts have a small souvenir or a flower for each attendee. At the end of the party, the host greets the guests and takes it with them. When this happens, one or two words may be said in praise of this small gift, but there is no need for a solemn expression of gratitude. Sometimes, foreign visitors, often the banquet menu as a souvenir to take away, and sometimes also invited to sign the menu on the same table. In addition to the host specifically signaled as a souvenir of things, all kinds of hospitality, including candy, fruit, cigarettes, etc., do not take away.

[Edit]Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments are sometimes made in the form of a note or business card after attending a private function.

Cold meals, cocktail parties to take food Cold meals, cocktail parties, hospitality staff to serve food, do not rush to take, to be sent to the front of the person and then take. When people around you do not get the first portion, you should not rush to get the second portion. Don't crowd around the table and step back when you're finished so that someone else can take it.

[edit]Use of tableware

The tableware of Chinese food is mainly bowls and chopsticks, and the tableware of Western food is knives, forks and plates. Usually, foreigners are invited to eat Chinese food, but also to eat Chinese food in the West as much, both bowls and chopsticks, but also set up the knife and fork. The use of knife and fork is to hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand, to cut the food into small pieces, and then send the fork into the mouth. Europeans do not change hands when using, that is, from cutting to delivering food are held in the left hand fork. Americans are cut, put the knife down, the right hand holding a fork to send food into the mouth. Dining according to the order of the knife and fork from the outside to the inside. After each dish is finished, the knife and fork will be discharged into the plate together to show that it is finished. If you are not finished, place them in a figure of eight or crosswise, with the knife pointing inward. When eating chicken or lobster, you can tear the meat with your hands when signaled by the host, otherwise you can use a knife and fork to cut the meat off and cut it into small pieces. Cutting meat with bones or hard shells, the fork must fork the meat firmly, the knife close to the edge of the fork under the cut, so as not to slip open. When cutting vegetables, be careful not to hit the plate too hard and make noise. For food that is not easy to fork, or for food that is not easy to fork, use a knife to gently push it onto the fork. Eat without a spoon, except for soup. Soup should be served in a deep dish or small bowl. When drinking, use a spoon to scoop up the soup from the inside out and bring it to your mouth; when you are about to drink it all, hold the plate slightly outward. Eat with fishy food, such as fish, shrimp, game, etc. are equipped with lemon, can be squeezed out of the hand juice drops on the food, to remove the fishy flavor.

The basic principle is to hold a knife or spoon in the right hand and a fork in the left. If you have more than two, you should take them in order from the outermost one. A knife or fork should be held with a light grip on the end and the index finger on the handle. A spoon can be held in the same way as a pen. If you feel uncomfortable, you can switch to holding the fork in your right hand, but changing too often will make you look rude. When eating larger vegetables, use a knife and fork to fold and slice them. Softer foods can be placed on the fork plane and organized with a knife.

[Edit paragraph]Accidents

Banquet in progress, due to inadvertence, the occurrence of abnormalities, such as too much force, so that the knife and fork impact plate, sound, or cutlery fell to the ground, or spilled drinks, etc., you should be calm and do not have to rush. If the tableware makes a sound, you can gently say "sorry" to the neighbor (or to the host). If the tableware falls, the hostess can send it to you. Wine spilled spilled on the neighbor, you should apologize, to help dry; if the other party is a woman, as long as the clean napkins or handkerchiefs can be handed, by her own dry.

[edit]Sharing and ****enjoyment

Whether vegetarians are willing to accept it or not, it is attested that, in ancient times, people gathered together to ****enjoy their food starting with ****sharing meat together. When an individual ate a meal, if it was just plants - vegetables, fruits, etc. - he was perfectly capable of enjoying it on his own without worrying about other beings coming to take it, and people didn't come together for that reason. It is only meat as the main food that draws the multitude together. In this respect, humans are not much different from the animal world. And as long as there is meat to eat, people will not give way to each other, and they will definitely compete to be the first to eat it, which is why they have gone from sharing to **** enjoying. Of course, this is also inseparable from the fact that we hunted together and came back to share the fruits of victory together. So meat-eating was an important event in the beginning of our human communities sitting down together and ****sharing the joys of life together.

After humans mastered the use of fire, a new page in history was turned. Man and beast were completely polarized. We all face each other in a circle, *** with the joy of enjoying food and drink. In the long years, people gradually mastered some skills, cooking techniques continue to improve, the means of enjoying food and drink also continue to increase, the ways and means of eating also began to have a further understanding and improve. This social interaction due to eat and gradually transformed into *** enjoy food, and become a universal form of interaction, one of the necessary content of life. People are no longer eating for the sake of eating, food party has become a common way to contact and socialize, get together, **** narrative friendship.

This form of **** meal promotes the development of relationships between people. At every meal, everyone **** enjoys themselves and consolidates group life. After the meal, each person returns to his or her own family, which means that the table and the bed begin to be clearly separated. If anyone is not invited to a family, clan or village gathering, it is like being sentenced to expulsion. Therefore, the gathering is not only to relieve hunger, which is proof that he belongs to the group, but more importantly, to promote socialization among the people of the group. No one can live on food alone; everyone needs to interact with others, be they family, friends or business associates. So, in ancient times, festivals were not just about distributing food to those who were hungry and getting by, but on the contrary, it was wealth that allowed us to organize festivals and gather together.

Over time, ****eating together also prompted certain rules that everyone had to follow. Etiquette then slowly took shape as a norm and discipline that everyone had to follow, and the birth of table manners is easy to understand. In order for a person to have the opportunity to share with others in a group, he must also find his own proper place in the group, that is to say, have the qualification of **** enjoyment. In a group, there are different ages and genders, and, as we can say, no other social situation is more important for social status than the specific environment of the dinner table. Each person sitting at the table should appropriately demonstrate the behaviors and practices required by his status and position so that he can be socially accepted and accommodated, and can be called a "civilized" person.

It is the existence of discipline and rules that brings stability and security to society. In other words, everyone should act in accordance with what society expects of him, and accept the discipline of etiquette. By acting according to the norms of society, that is, by being civilized and courteous to others, he will be accepted by society.

Mr. Knigge* (1752-1796), in his book, "Intercourse with Men," speaks of personal performance as not a private matter, but as a human expression of social ethics. Etiquette is not vague rules and regulations, but a kind of respect for others and a manifestation of human civilization. Nowadays, some table manners mainly come from his theories or norms and etiquette established on his ideas.

*Knigge Adolph (Friedrich Ludwig) Freiherrvon Knigge

Born October 16, 1752, in a small town near Hanover, Germany, and died May 6, 1796, in the city of Bremen.1769 He began the study of law in G?ttingen. He studied law in G?ttingen in 1769 and worked in different departments of the state, especially in the Higher State Court, which provided him with the opportunity and conditions to further explore human relationships and provided him with a lot of valuable material for his writing. From his youth, he devoted his life to writing, of which his representative work, Communion with Men (published in 1788), and his novel, Tour of Brunswick (1792), had a great influence on later generations.

[Edit paragraph]Sitting posture

For the general public in life will pay more attention to the basic manners and etiquette, people out of politeness in front of the public **** will be convergence of the posture so as to prevent themselves from showing bad behavior. But in fact, for the public in the static beauty - sitting etiquette is the most testing, but also the most can reflect the temperament and beauty.

Correctly regulated etiquette sitting posture requires dignified and beautiful, giving a person elegant, stable, natural and generous sense of beauty. Sitting, as a demeanor, has the beauty and ugly, elegant and vulgar points. Correct etiquette sitting requirements "sitting like a clock", refers to the person's sitting posture like a clock straight, of course, here refers to the straight straight upper body straight.

(1) Be light, steady and slow when taking your seat. Walk to the seat, turn around and sit down gently and steadily. If the position of the chair is not suitable and you need to move the position of the chair, you should first move the chair to the place where you want to be seated and then take your seat. And it is against social etiquette to sit in a chair and move its position.

(2) A calm and relaxed demeanor (lips slightly closed, jaw slightly closed, face calm and natural).

(3) Shoulders are flat and relaxed, arms are naturally bent on the legs, or on the armrests of chairs or sofas, in a natural and appropriate manner, palms down.

(4) Sitting on the chair, you should stand up, lift your chest, and straighten your upper body naturally.

(5) Keep your knees naturally together, put your legs in front of you or sideways, and keep your feet together or folded or in a small "V" shape. Men's two knees can be separated between the distance of a fist or so, the foot can take a small eight step or slightly apart to show the beauty of the natural spontaneity, but not to open the legs and feet, so it will appear vulgar and arrogant. If you sit for a long time, you can cross your legs and overlap them, but pay attention to the top leg to recover, toes down.

(6) sitting in a chair, should be at least 2/3 of the chair, wide seat sofa is at least sit 1/2. After the seat at least 10 minutes or so do not lean on the back of the chair. After a long time, you can lightly lean back.

(7) the conversation should be based on the orientation of the interlocutor, the upper body double knee side to the interlocutor, the upper body remains straight, do not appear inferior, complimentary, pleasing posture. Manners to respect others but not lose self-respect.

(8) Leaving the seat should be natural and steady, the right foot backward half a step, and then stand up.

(9) When a woman takes her seat, if she is wearing a skirt, she should gather her skirt slightly with her hands, and do not pull the skirt after sitting down, which is not elegant. Formal occasions generally from the left side of the chair to be seated, leaving the left side of the chair to leave, which is a kind of politeness. Ms. into the seat especially elegant, quiet, soft, legs together, feet to the left or right at the same time, both hands folded on the left and right legs. If you sit for a long time can be overlapped legs cross, but pay attention to the top leg to the recovery, toes down, in order to give people a noble, generous feeling.

(10) When men and women need to sit sideways, they should turn their upper body and legs to the same side at the same time, but keep their heads toward the front.

(11) as a woman, the choice of sitting posture should also be based on the height of the chair and the presence or absence of armrests and backrests, two hands, two legs, two feet can be a variety of ways to pose, but the two legs spread, or into a four-legged stacked leg way is very inappropriate.

(12) The most appropriate way to sit in a restaurant is to sit from the left side. When the chair is pulled out, the body stands straight at a distance almost touching the table, and the usher pushes the chair in so that when the bend of the leg touches the chair behind it, you can sit down. Once seated, the posture should be upright and the upper body may rest lightly against the back of the chair. Do not rest your hands on your cheeks or your elbows on the table. Do not leave your seat frequently or move your seat. When eating, lean your upper arms and back against the back of the chair and keep your stomach about a fist's distance from the table. Sitting with your feet crossed is best avoided.

(13) The way to sit in jeans, first of all, the body sits sideways, one foot to support the weight of the body, the other foot's ankle rests on the toe of this foot. You can also take the disk sitting way, two feet cross disk sitting, toes up, two hands naturally placed in the knee. If you are sitting on a sofa or chair, you don't have to be too formal, just sit naturally and maintain an elegant sitting posture.

After taking your seat, you should sit upright, but not stiffly. Don't rest your hands on your cheeks or your elbows on the table. Do not fiddle with the tableware and napkins, to avoid some ungentlemanly mannerisms, such as taking off your shirt, removing your tie, rolling up your sleeves; gesticulating while talking, leaving the table frequently, or moving your seat; head resting on the back of the chair, yawning, stretching, rubbing your eyes, scratching your hair, and so on.

General Western restaurant business hours for 11:30 pm to the afternoon, 6:30 pm after the start of dinner, if the guests arrive early can be in the bar to drink some wine before entering the main dining room.

After you are seated, you can order without rushing, and if you have any questions, you can ask the waiters directly, and they will be very happy to answer any questions you have, or if they are not very clear, they will ask the restaurant manager or the chef.

Dining time is too early, 11:00 noon or 5:30 p.m. to the Western-style restaurant, eat in a hurry to leave, talk business at the table, dress is not polite, the main course is too slow to affect the next dish, or only point appetizers do not point to the main course and desserts are impolite behavior.

The appetizers of high-grade western food are very small, but they are very delicate and worth savoring.

After the meal, you can choose dessert or cheese, coffee, tea, etc. Different countries have different tipping habits. But be sure to give lots of compliments and show your appreciation.

Eating Western food is very much a matter of mood: marble fireplaces, glittering crystal lamps, silver candlesticks, colorful wines, coupled with people's elegant and charming demeanor, which in itself is a moving painting. It's well worth the effort to familiarize yourself with these etiquettes in order to become more proficient at your first taste of Western food.

When seated, the body should be upright, elbows do not put on the table, not stilted feet, and the distance from the table in order to facilitate the use of tableware for the best. Don't fiddle with the tableware on the dining table. Fold the napkin in half and place it gently on your lap.

*When using a knife and fork to eat, take the knife and fork from the outside to the inside, hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand; when cutting something, hold the fork in the left hand to hold down the food, hold the knife in the right hand to saw it into small pieces, and then use the fork to send it into the mouth. When using a knife, the blade must not be pointed outwards. When you put down your knife and fork during a meal, they should be placed in the shape of a "figure of eight" on the side of the plate. The blade of the knife should be facing away from you to indicate that you want to continue eating. After each dish, place the knife and fork together on the plate. If you are having a conversation, you can hold the knife and fork without putting them down. When you are not using a knife, you may hold a fork in your right hand, but if you need to make a gesture, you should put down the knife and fork, never wave the knife and fork in the air, never hold a knife or fork in one hand while wiping your mouth with a napkin in the other, and never hold a glass of wine in one hand while picking up a dish with a fork in the other. Remember, at no time should one end of the knife or fork be placed on the plate and the other on the table.

*Not too much food should be brought into your mouth at a time, and do not talk while chewing, let alone initiate conversation. Once seated and greeted by the host, the meal will begin.

When taking food, do not serve too much. When the food on the plate is finished, if it is not enough, you may take more. If the hostess is distributing the food and you need to add more, wait until the hostess brings it to you. If you can't eat or don't like a dish, don't refuse it when the hostess serves it or the host pinches it, but take a small amount and put it on your plate and say, "Thank you, that's enough." Do not show embarrassment when you do not like the dish.

Eat in a civilized manner. Shut up and chew, don't slurp the soup, and don't make noise when you eat. If the soup or dish is too hot, you can eat it after it cools down a bit, and do not blow it with your mouth. Don't spit out the fishbone or bone in your mouth, cover your mouth with a napkin, take it out with your hands (you can use chopsticks for Chinese food), or gently spit it out on your fork and put it on the plate.

Leftover food and toothpicks should be placed on the plate, not on the table.

Do not talk when you have food in your mouth.

Flossing teeth, use your hand or napkin to cover your mouth whether you are the host, accompanied by guests or guests, you should talk to people at the same table, especially the left and right neighbors. Do not talk to only a few acquaintances or only the same two people. If your neighbors do not know each other, introduce yourself first. As the guest of honor to participate in foreign banquets, you should know the other side of the toast habits, that is, why the toast, when the toast, etc., in order to make the necessary preparations. When clinking glasses, the host and the guest of honor will clink first, and if there are many people, they can raise their glasses at the same time, not necessarily clinking glasses. Be careful not to cross glasses when making a toast. When the host and the guest of honor make speeches and toasts, you should pause eating, stop talking, pay attention to listening, and do not take this opportunity to smoke. Stand at attention during the playing of the national anthem. After the host and the guest of honor have finished their speeches and clink glasses with the guests of honor, they often go to other tables to toast, in which case they should stand up and raise their glasses. When clinking glasses, to look at each other in salute.

Toasts to each other at banquets to show friendship, active atmosphere, but remember to drink too much. Drinking too much is easy to lose your words, and even lose your temper, so it must be controlled within one-third of the amount of alcohol I drink.