There are evergreen trees in northern China: Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii, Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Castanopsis kawakamii, Picea koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Juniper juniper, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus sylvestris (American pine), Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris. Evergreen shrubs: Buxus buxus, Sabina vulgaris, Castanopsis cornuta (Sabina wanfengensis), Sabina Hinggan, etc.

1. Deciduous leaves: Bai Yang, weeping willow, silver bud willow, elm, Castanopsis fissa, magnolia, magnolia flower,

red plum, red peach, plum blossom, cherry blossom, Albizia Albizia, Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica, Acer truncatum, Lagerstroemia indica, pomegranate, hibiscus mutabilis, woody ivory red, etc.

2. Differences in characteristics

Evergreen broad-leaved forest

The constructive tree species of evergreen broad-leaved forest all have the characteristics of laurel leaves of Lauraceae, which are evergreen, leathery, slightly hard, glossy and hairless, and the arrangement direction of leaves is perpendicular to the sun's rays. The appearance of evergreen broad-leaved forest community is evergreen all year round, which is generally dark green with a slight flicker and reflection, and the forest phase is neat. Because of the round crown, the crown fluctuates like a microwave. The whole community grows nutritionally all year round, especially in summer.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest

Trees in the forest are all deciduous broad-leaved trees in winter, and a few of them have smaller leaves (such as birch and Populus davidiana). The forest composed of these trees is also called lobular forest. Occasionally, there are large leaf trees (such as Platanus and Aesculus) or pinnately compound leaf trees (such as Fraxinus, Sorbus and Juglans). The seasons in winter and summer are quite different. That is, in summer, due to the diversity of species, there are also different seasons.

3. Difference of distribution

Evergreen broad-leaved forest

Evergreen broad-leaved forest is a forest in subtropical maritime climate, which is roughly distributed between 22 and 34 (4) latitude in the south and north. It is mainly found in the south of China Yangtze River valley in Asia, the south of Korea and Japanese archipelago, the southeast coast and northwest of Africa, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the eastern tip of North America and Mexico, parts of Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil in South America, eastern Oceania and New Zealand.

The evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south of the Yangtze River valley in China is the most typical and has the largest area.

China's evergreen broad-leaved forest is distributed in the vast subtropical region in the southeast of Eurasia, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, spanning about 24 longitudes from east to west, including the southern slope of Qinling Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the vast low mountains, hills and plains in Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, southern Anhui and southern Jiangsu, as well as the islands in the East China Sea and the northern half of Taiwan Province Island.

the vertical distribution is 15 ~ 28 meters above sea level in the west, and gradually drops below 1 ~ 2 meters above sea level in the east. Due to the difference between the southeast monsoon of the Pacific Ocean and the southwest monsoon of the Indian Ocean, the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area in China can be divided into eastern subregion and western subregion; From north to south, the eastern subregion can be divided into north subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest zones.

The western sub-region is adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the northwest, and the altitude rises sharply, forming a vertical climate zone, which is only divided into the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone and the southern subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest zone.

The typical evergreen broad-leaved forest belongs to the vegetation with subtropical monsoon climate, and it is a transitional forest type between tropical and temperate zones. For example, in the evergreen broad-leaved forest area of China, due to the influence of monsoon, there is abundant precipitation in warm season, and the continental airflow which is dry and cold in winter moves to the ocean, with little precipitation and no severe cold, but sometimes frost and snow appear.

the four seasons in the east are more obvious; There is no winter in the south and it is rainy in spring and summer; The wet and dry seasons in the west are obvious, with rainy summer and autumn and dry and warm winter and spring. The soil type is mainly red soil under the forest in low hills, mountain yellow soil under the forest from hills to Zhongshan, and mountain yellow brown soil or mountain forest brown soil above 14 meters above sea level in Zhongshan, all of which are soils developed from acidic parent materials.

From this area to the north, it gradually transits to the deciduous broad-leaved forest zone in the south of warm temperate zone, and to the distribution area of tropical monsoon forest and tropical rain forest in the north of tropical zone to the south.

deciduous broad-leaved forest

is widely distributed in temperate regions. In the places where continental climate has great influence, deciduous broad-leaved forest is transformed into coniferous forest. In the temperate zone of Eurasia, the typical deciduous coniferous broad-leaved forest in western Europe can be distributed to the European part of the former Soviet Union. In the eastern part of North America, about south of the 45 north latitude line. South America is distributed in Patagonia Plateau.

due to the influence of the gulf warm current, Europe can be distributed to 58 north latitude in the northwest. East Asia is distributed in China, the eastern coastal areas of the former Soviet Union, Kamchatka, Sakhalin Island, Korea and northern Japanese islands. The deciduous broad-leaved forest in China is mainly distributed in Northeast China and North China.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest is distributed in temperate zone of 3 ~ 5 north latitude. Because leaves fall in winter and green leaves in summer, it is also called "summer green forest". The climatic characteristics of deciduous broad-leaved forest distribution area are: distinct seasons throughout the year, hot and rainy in summer and cold in winter.

All the tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forest have wide leaves, which usually have no fuzz and moderate thickness. Buds have tightly wrapped scales, trunks and branches also have thick bark, which are all structures adapted to the cold environment in winter.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest is the main forest vegetation type in temperate regions of northern China. Most of the trees that make up this community are positive broad-leaved trees with deciduous leaves in winter, and shrubs under the forest are also deciduous species in winter. Herbs die on the ground or spend the winter with seeds, so the whole community is dormant in winter. In spring, new leaves grow again, and the seasonal changes of the community are very obvious.