Encyclopedic knowledge of the rubber tree
Encyclopedic knowledge of the rubber tree, I believe that for people who like to breed plants on the rubber tree is certainly not strange, but want to plant a good rubber tree to understand some of the relevant knowledge about it, I share the encyclopedic knowledge of the rubber tree below.
Rubber tree introduction
Rubber tree (scientific name: Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.) for the mulberry family Ficus genus of large trees. It is also known as Indian Ficus, Rubber Ficus, Indian Rubber Tree, Indian Rubber Tree, Rubber Ficus, Indian Rubber Tree.
Rubber tree its nature like high temperature and humidity, sunny environment, can also tolerate shade but not cold, very suitable for indoor landscaping, often used to beautify the living room, study, but also suitable for the arrangement of the foyer of a large building on both sides of the hall and the center of the lobby, looks majestic, can reflect the tropical scenery.
Morphological features
Rubber tree; up to 20-30 meters high, 25-40 cm in diameter at breast height; bark gray-white, smooth; epiphytic when young, branchlets stout. Leaves thickly leathery, oblong to elliptic, 8-30 cm long, 7-10 cm wide, apex acute, base broadly cuneate, entire, surface dark green, shiny, abaxial surface light green, lateral veins numerous, inconspicuous, exhibited parallel; petiole stout, 2-5 cm long; stipules membranous, dark red, up to 10 cm long, with obvious ring scars after shedding.
Ficus fruit in pairs in the leaf axils of deciduous branches, ovate-long elliptic, 10 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, yellowish-green, basal bracts hood-like, with an annular scar at the base after abscission; male, gall and female flowers are borne on the inner wall of the ficus fruit; male flowers stalked, scattered on the inner wall, tepals 4, ovate, stamens 1, anthers ovoid, not filamentous; gall flowers tepals 4, ovary smooth, Ovary smooth, ovoid, style subterminal, curved; female flowers sessile. Achenes ovoid, surface with tubercles, style long, persistent, stigma dilated, subcapitate. Flowering period winter.
Habitat and distribution
The rubber tree is native to Brazil and Malaysia, etc., and is cultivated throughout China. It prefers a hot, humid and sunny environment, with a suitable growing temperature of 20-25℃, avoiding direct sunlight. Can also tolerate shade but not cold, safe overwintering temperature of 5 ℃. Resistant to air dryness. Avoid sticky soil, intolerant of barrenness and drought, like loose, fertile and well-drained slightly acidic soil.
Reproduction Methods
1, cuttings: cuttings in the late spring and early summer, can be combined with pruning, spike more than one year-old half-wooden middle branches. After the cuttings are intercepted, the wound should be sealed in time with mastic or grass ash. The length of the spike is standardized by retaining 3 buds, and the upper two leaves are closed together and tied with a thin plastic string. Then cuttings are placed in a bed of vegetative sandy soil or frog stone as substrate. About 2-3 weeks can be rooted, potted and put in a slightly shaded place, into the daily management.
2, compression method: selection of 2-year-old appropriate size, well-developed, tissue-rich branches, in the intended part of the package of soil for the width of l cm or so of light ring peeling, and coated with 30 a 50 ppm naphthalene acetic acid solution, and then with wet soil or moss mixture or absorb sufficient moisture vermiculite, the ring cut parts of the package up, outside the plastic film wrapped, the lower end of the tie, the upper end of the hole, in order to facilitate aeration and irrigation. Pay attention to the care of the roots can be cut off after potting.
The main value of the rubber tree
1, ecological value: the rubber tree has a unique function of purifying dust, but also can purify the formaldehyde in the volatile organic compounds. The rubber tree can also absorb carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride in the air, so that air purification. Rubber trees prefer a sunny place, which ensures vigorous `photosynthesis and transpiration. For dusty offices it is best placed by the window.
2, ornamental value: rubber tree leaves fat and beautiful, broad and glossy leaves, red terminal buds like ambrosia, after the buttresses split like red tassels hanging down, quite charming, high ornamental value, is a famous potted foliage plants. Often embellished hotel halls and family rooms of good material, the South is often configured in front of buildings, flower beds in the center and on both sides of the road and so on.
Related varieties of rubber trees
1, golden-edged rubber tree leaf margins are golden yellow; foliage rubber tree leaves slightly rounded leaf margins and leaves with many irregular yellow-white patches on the growth potential is weaker reproduction is also slower;
2, white spotted rubber tree leaves are narrower and have many white patches.
3, Venus broadleaf rubber tree leaves far more general rubber tree large and round young tender for the maroon green leaves grow reddish-brown slightly lighter near the edge of the scattered sparse pinhead-sized spots a little attention to be recognized. It is an excellent variety of rubber tree.
Encyclopedic knowledge of the rubber tree 2 Key points of rubber tree breeding 1, potting In the potted rubber tree, in the juvenile should be placed in the semi-shady place to care for the seedling can be changed once a year, molding of the plant can be changed every 2-3 years potting, change pots, to reuse the new selection, the time to change pots, the new selection should be used in the new selection of the new plant. When changing pots, we should choose new nutrient soil again, but also part of the old curly roots cut off, and add some humus and base fertilizer mixing the best when potting. 2, water and fertilizer management Rubber tree is a fertilizer plant, during the growth period must ensure adequate water and fertilizer management, in order to grow more lush, in the usual watering to often keep the potting soil moist appropriate, the high temperature season every day in the morning and evening at intervals of watering a thin water, but also to the branches and leaves on the water spray to keep wet, after entering the late autumn is the appropriate control! Fertilizer. 3, adequate light The rubber tree likes to grow in a sunny place, but in the summer heat time to carry out a short period of shade treatment, mainly in the morning to accept the sunshine is mainly to the mid-October when it will be moved to indoor care, the temperature is lower than less than 5 ℃ to artificial The temperature is lower than 5 ℃, then artificial heating treatment, so as to avoid frost damage. 4, pruning Pruning is the basic requirements of the rubber tree breeding methods, when the plant is 50 centimeters tall when it is necessary to carry out the appropriate top treatment to promote the emergence of new branches, and then in the spring of each year to carry out the appropriate short-cutting treatment, the main branches will be shortened by 10-15 centimeters or so, so that its natural growth. Natural growth, enhance the ornamental. Propagation of rubber trees 1, seed propagation The rubber tree is good for propagation, mainly using the seed propagation method, we should first select the more plump and robust seeds, and then soak the germination process, to be 2 days after the surface of the seed coat softened, and then inserted separately into the wet After softening, and then inserted into a moist sand bed, covered with a layer of plastic film, placed in a warm and humid environment, about 25 to 30 days after the germination and rooting. 2, cuttings propagation If you want to rubber tree propagation method is more simple, you can use the cuttings method, first select the thicker branches, and then use scissors to cut into 3 to 5 branches, and retain the buds on the end of the branches, and then insert the branches into a moist bed, placed in the greenhouse indoors, watering once a day, to be seeded to grow out of the soil and then transplanted. Water once a day and allow the seedlings to grow out of the soil before transplanting them, and they will re-sprout and root in about 3 to 4 weeks. 3, pressure strip propagation Reproduction with pressure strips is also a common method of propagation of the rubber tree, usually in the rubber tree's growth period, mainly concentrated in the summer months of June to July, will be perennial branches cut down, with a small amount of potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the treatment, and then smeared with some ash wrapped around the incisions, take Plastic film sealed, and then inserted into a moist sand bed, gently compacted by hand, keep the soil moist every day, about 1 month or so can be rooted and germinated.