The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Chu and Han Dynasties and the Records of the Grand Historian Xiang Yu (项羽本纪), are the earliest records of the story of "Farewell My Concubine".

Ban Gu in the "Han Shu - Sima Qian biography" said: "Sima Qian according to the" Zuo "," the "state language", "Shiben", "Strategy", the Chu Han Spring and Autumn Annals", after its events, the end of the day in the Han." Among them, "Chu Han Spring and Autumn Annals" is a book written by Lu Jia at the beginning of Han Dynasty, which was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty. Undoubtedly, Sima Qian wrote the "Shiji" with reference to the "Chu-Han Spring and Autumn Annals" book: "Gai Sima Qian wrote the "Shiji" according to the "Chu-Han Spring and Autumn Annals", so its words Qin, Han things especially detailed."

What is the earliest document in which "Farewell My Concubine" is found

There is a beauty named Yu, who is often honored to be with her; and a steed named Zhui, who is often ridden by her. The king of Xiang was very generous in his song, and wrote a poem saying: "The force of the mountains is strong, the air is strong, and the time is unfavorable, and the piebald will not pass away. What can be done about the piebald, what can be done about Yu, Yu, Yu, and what can be done about it!" He sang several songs, and the beauty and the song. The king of Xiang sobbed several times, and all the people around him sobbed, unable to look up. "There is a beauty named Yu", but did not call her by the name of "Yu Ji" that was passed down in later generations; it was not until the Tang "Bracket Zhi" and other books that the name "Yu Ji" appeared. Of course, "Ji" is just a pronoun, not Yu Ji's real name. Yu Ji its person has a surname without a name, the name has long been indecipherable in the black hole of the historical rupture, the Five Dynasties period of the word name is simply to "Yu Beauty" call. Ban Gu in the "Han book - Sima Qian biography" said: "Sima Qian according to the" Zuo Shi "," the state language ", take" Shiben "," the war strategy ", the Chu Han Spring and Autumn ", after its events, ended in the days of Han." Among them, "Chu Han Spring and Autumn Annals" is a book written by Lu Jia at the beginning of Han Dynasty, which was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty. Undoubtedly, Sima Qian wrote "The Records of the Grand Historian" with reference to the "Chu-Han Spring and Autumn Annals": "Sima Qian wrote "The Records of the Grand Historian" according to the "Chu-Han Spring and Autumn Annals", and so his words about the Qin and Han things are especially detailed." However, Sima Qian, who is a detail-oriented and curious person, did not record the song of "Beauty and the Beauty" in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han in the Records of the Grand Historian. Tang Zhang Shoujie's "Justice of the Records of the Grand Historian" quoted this song from "Spring and Autumn Annals of the Chu and Han Dynasties": the song says: "The Han soldiers have already conquered the land, and the Chu songs are sung in all directions; the king's spirit is exhausted, and the concubine has no chance to live". It has long been suspected that this song is a later forgery, on the grounds that the Qin and Han dynasties did not have such a mature pentameter poem. However, the dirge of Mrs. Qi recorded in the Book of the Han Dynasty (汉书-外戚传) is already a mature poem in five lines: "The son is a king, the mother is a captive, and she spends her days pounding the thin curtains, and is often in the company of the dead! When we are three thousand miles away from each other, who is going to tell the lady?" The Qin folk ballad recorded in Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu - River Water" was also a mature poem in five lines: "Be careful not to lift up a boy when he is born, and feed a girl when she is born. I don't see the corpses under the Great Wall strutting against each other." Therefore, the song recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han is not a forgery and should not be a problem. The Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han and the Records of the Grand Historian Xiang Yu are the earliest records of the story of "Farewell to My Concubine". Both books did not involve the end of Yu Ji. To the degree of common sense, Yu Ji could not have survived, otherwise there would not have been a folk legend of Yu Ji cutting her own throat, it would not have been to the Tang Dynasty fashion "Xiang Yu Beauty Grave" of the location of Hope. Gaixia battle, Chu song on all sides, drinking sword Chu tent can only be the only end of Yu Ji. It is said that "Farewell My Concubine" story reflects the touching love between Yu Ji and Xiang Yu; Yu Ji cut her own throat to be martyred at the end of the hero's life of the king of Chu. This sad moment, has been fixed in the Chinese literature between the lines, fixed in the stage of Chinese opera, become the most classic Chinese classical love, the most stirring brilliant legend. Tracing the roots of historical events and uncovering the truth can only rely on the reading of the original text. Playing carefully with Yu Ji's harmony song, I found the doubtful points of this love story. "The Han soldiers have already stolen the land, and the Chu songs are sung in all directions." The first two lines are an objective chronicle, and at the same time a laying out of the situation in which Yu Ji is about to express her feelings. Yu Ji's judgment of the situation and Xiang Yu's doubt is the same - Xiang Yu was alarmed and said: "Han have got Chu? Why are there so many Chu people!" "The great king's intention is exhausted, how can a lowly concubine live." However, it is unbelievable that Yu Ji's judgment of the situation actually led directly to the denial of Xiang Yu's state of mind until his future fate! Your spirit to continue fighting has come to an end, and I am not willing to live. On what basis did Yu Ji judge that "Your Majesty's spirit is over"? Just because Xiang Yu heard the song of Chu and "got up at night and drank in his tent"? If this is an inciting speech to motivate Xiang Yu to fight on with his own unwillingness to live, then the reaction of Xiang Yu and his generals should not be "sobbing a few lines" and "weeping on the left and right", but should be furious and determined to fight to the death. Here we can see the inciting power and contagiousness of the words, Yu Ji's well-designed "Han soldiers have already stolen the land, the four sides of the Chu song" the wonderful effect produced by the layout of the situation - it really let Xiang Yu and the generals lost the courage to fight! Yu Ji's attitude is very strange. As Xiang Yu's favorite woman, she should have stood up for Xiang Yu and inspired him when he was at the end of the road, but not yet completely defeated, instead of echoing Xiang Yu's excuse of "unfavorable times" and tempting him to bow down in front of the bad situation. After all, Xiang Yu is only in his 30s. She knows that Xiang Yu has fought many battles in his life, and has also had the classic battle example of "leading troops across the river, sinking boats, breaking kettles and cauldrons, burning huts, and holding food for three days to show that the soldiers will die, and none of them will return to their hearts", thus defeating the Qin army and bringing the dead back to life, and has also had the classic battle example of killing more than 100,000 Han soldiers with 30,000 men, forcing Liu Bang to escape with dozens of riders; however, at this time, Yu Ji not only did not use her own words to inspire him, but also tried to make Xiang Yu feel better about the situation, which was not favorable to him. At this time, Yu Ji did not encourage Xiang Yu with the similar situation in the past, but on the contrary, she lamented that "Your Majesty's spirit is over"! At this moment, Xiang Yu still has more than 800 riders by his side, all of them are excellent soldiers, all of them can fight against one another, even if they can't beat Liu Bang, at least they can protect Xiang Yu to retreat in one piece, and try to rise again in the east. The development of events also verified this point. Xiang Yu broke through the siege and reached the Wujiang River, so Xiang Yu wanted to cross the Wujiang River to the east. The head of Wujiang River Pavilion_Boat waiting, said Xiang Yu: "Although Jiangdong is small, the place is thousands of miles, hundreds of thousands of people, also enough for the king. I hope the king will hurry to cross the river. Now only I have a boat, the Han army to, no to cross." Yu Ji's song, which has been praised as the "crystallization of chaste love" and the earliest pentameter poem in China, thus exudes an air of suspicion. I even suspect that she was a beautiful spy sent by Liu Bang to Xiang Yu's side, following the example of Xi Shi. With Liu Bang's intelligence and acting style, Xiang Yu's "woman's heart" and his headstrong character of not listening to advice, this is entirely possible. But the history is indecipherable, not only between Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, Yu Ji's place of origin can not find the slightest trace, even Yu Ji's earliest follow Xiang Yu's time is also unavailable.

The story of "Farewell My Concubine" was first published in

The story was first published in the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Chu and Han Dynasties (《楚汉春秋》) by Lu Jia in the early Han Dynasty. The book was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty." Sima Qian wrote "The Records of the Grand Historian" based on the "Spring and Autumn Annals of the Chu and Han Dynasties," which is particularly detailed about the events of the Qin and Han Dynasties."

The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Chu and Han Dynasties and the Historical Records of Xiang Yu (项羽本纪) are the earliest records of the story of Farewell to My Concubine, and neither of them touches on the end of Yu Ji. To the degree of common sense, Yu Ji is unlikely to survive, otherwise there will be no folk oral tradition of Yu Ji cut her own throat, it will not be until the Tang Dynasty fashion "Xiang Yu Beauty Grave" of the location of the prestige bearings. Gaixia battle, four Chu song sound, drinking sword Chu tent can only be the only end of Yu Ji.

The story of "Farewell My Concubine" reflects the touching love between Yu Ji and Xiang Yu, and Yu Ji cut her own throat to be martyred at the end of the hero's journey. This sad moment, has been fixed in the Chinese literature between the lines, fixed in the stage of Chinese opera, become the most classic Chinese classical love, the most stirring brilliant legend.