1, soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Cucumber plants have deep roots and luxuriant leaves, and are afraid of drought and waterlogging. Their cultivation must meet their requirements for fertilizer and water to avoid waterlogging. Soil preparation is generally completed before winter, so it is necessary to apply sole fertilizer and topdressing skillfully. Seedlings are ditched into strips, with a width of 0.8m and a depth of 0.5m, while roots are ditched into piers with a square hole of 0.8m.. And sprinkle quicklime around the ditch and hole for soil disinfection. Then, according to the soil fertility, base fertilizer was applied, and 667m2 seedlings were transplanted, and about 1500~3000kg of manure or 150~300kg of cake fertilizer, 20~40kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 30~50kg of calcium superphosphate were applied. 30~50kg of decomposed manure, 0.5~lkg of compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate 1~ 1.5kg are applied to each hole, one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil are mixed, and after application, the soil is covered 15cm or so, and it is harrowed for direct seeding, seedling planting or root planting. In the second year's hanging melon garden, the decomposed manure 1000~ 1500kg or 50~75kg of cake fertilizer and 20kg of calcium superphosphate were applied to each mu of ditch in winter, and the soil was covered after application.
2. Reasonable close planting
Reasonable close planting of Cucurbita pepo depends on soil fertility and water condition, propagation mode and years after planting. If the soil is fertile and water-rich, it will be planted thinly, otherwise it will be planted densely; The propagation density of tuberous roots is generally about 60 ~ 1 00 plants/year in 667m2, and the row-to-row spacing is 6m× 1~2m. After that, it will be thinned year by year, and the number of normal orchards will be enough in the third and fourth years, 15~25 plants /667m2.
3. Build scaffolding
The scaffolding of hanging melons is built according to the environment of the planting place, based on the principles of convenient material selection, firm scaffolding, cost saving and convenient management. Generally, a hole column is dug according to the density of 6m×4m in piece planting, and the cement column of 8cm×8cm×2.5m is buried 0.5~0.7m deep underground, with a height of 1.8~2.0m on the ground, and the inner side of the cement column around the scaffolding is braced. The columns are connected horizontally and vertically with steel strands, and both ends of the steel strands are fixed on the corresponding buried cement piles outside the scaffolding, and then tightened. At the same time, the steel strand is fixed on each cement column head. After the main frame is pulled, it is woven into a mesh with steel wire on the main frame, with an aperture of about 3cm. In order to facilitate production, scaffolding is generally built first and then seedlings and roots are planted.
4. Fertilizer and water management
When the seedlings are about 15cm long, apply 1 time to raise seedling fertilizer, apply 3-5 kg urea to 667m2, and apply topdressing for 2-3 times from late May to mid-July, and apply 5-7.5 kg compound fertilizer to 667m2 each time. And pay attention to drainage and flood prevention in rainy weather at this stage to avoid waterlogging disaster in hanging melons. After flowering and fruit setting, the leaf area per plant gradually increases, and the vegetative growth and fruit development are carried out at the same time, so the water demand for fertilizer is large, so the top dressing is skillfully applied on the basis of applying foot fertilizer. Generally, it is applied 1 time after fruit setting, and the quantity depends on the soil fertility, the growth appearance and the fruiting condition of the gourd. The soil fertility is good, the growth is prosperous, and the fruit is not applied or applied less, otherwise, it is applied more. Generally, the high-concentration compound fertilizer is applied at 667m2 with a concentration of 5~ 10kg. In late July, topdressing 1 time was applied again, which promoted more new branches and more fruits from late July to early August. In late August, the early fruits are gradually matured and harvested, and the middle and late fruits are still in the growth and development stage.
5, leading vines and pruning
The cultivation of hanging melons in shed often causes the stems and leaves on the shelf to be too thick and "cover the seedlings". The lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the light energy is poor. Therefore, proper control of stem and leaf quantity and reasonable distribution of stem and leaf in shed have great influence on yield and quality. When the seedlings grow to about 15cm, put the main vines on the shelves and remove all the other lateral vines. After the main vine is put on the shelf, it is staggered left and right to lead the vine evenly, and the lateral vine is left, and the male plant is deleted in time after flowering. After the new buds grow in spring, select 12 root vines according to the shelf space, draw the vines on the shelf for coring, keep an appropriate amount of primary vines under the shelf surface, and remove the secondary branches before the fruit node of the primary vines. Its function is to eliminate the growth advantage of main vines, avoid excessive stem growth, promote the low fruit setting of hanging melons and improve the early fruit setting rate.
6. Steady fruit
In order to improve the fruit-setting rate, male plants with an area of 667m2 should be properly planted, with 2~3 plants. On the basis of promoting natural pollination, on the one hand, if the vegetative growth is too strong in the early stage, and the stems and leaves are too long to cause flowers to fail to bear fruit, on the other hand, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied topdressing to regulate growth; Deep tillage can also be used to cut off some surface roots, reduce absorption and inhibit vegetative growth.
7, pest control
At present, the main pests and diseases of hanging melons are yellow-footed black fruit, yellow-footed yellow fruit, aphids, fruit silk moth, anthracnose and so on.
7. 1 yellow-footed black fruit, yellow-footed yellow-footed yellow-footed fruit adults feed on hanging melons and tender stems, and larvae feed on the root tuber of hanging melons in the soil. The damage began in June. Adults can be sprayed with 50% phoxim EC 500 times, and larvae can be watered with 50% phoxim EC 1000~ 1500 times.
7.2 Fruit silk moth Fruit silk moth is the most serious pest that harms hanging melons. The damage period is 5~ 10 month, and a large number of damage periods are in July ~ September. Larval stage is 9~ 16d, and ***4 years old. Older larvae have strong drug resistance. Therefore, the control should be done sooner rather than later, and it should be applied at the peak of larvae 1~2 years old, requiring spraying. The medicine can be sprayed with 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times or 5% avermectin 2500 times.
7.3 Aphids are susceptible to viral diseases after aphid damage, so they should be observed frequently after colonization, and a few aphids should be controlled with drugs when they are found. The agent can be sprayed with 10% once cleaning 1500~2000 times.
7.4 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is harmful from seedling stage to adult stage, and when it is serious, it harms young fruits, even stems and vines die, reducing yield. Chemical control can be carried out by spraying 800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder+800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease, and repeated control every 7~ 10d/time for 2~3 times continuously.
8, harvesting and processing
From the end of August to the beginning of September, when the fruit of Cucurbita moschata changes from turquoise to yellowish to orange and orange-red, it can be harvested in batches, and it is not easy to be over-tender, otherwise the seeds will not be full, the yield will be low and the quality will be poor. After picking the gourd, spread it on the ground for a few days to soften it after ripening, then cut the fruit open, take out the gourd ladle and seeds, put it in a pot and add plant ash or put it into a woven bag for repeated kneading to separate the seeds from the pulp, remove the plant ash and gourd ladle, and take the seeds and dry them. The seeds should be clean, big, full and oily, and generally about 7kg of seeds can be produced per 100kg of fresh fruit.